Halbi language

Last updated
Halbi
हलबी / ହଲବୀ
Native to India
Region Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra
Ethnicity Halba
Native speakers
766,297 (2011 census) [1]
Odia, Devanagari
Language codes
ISO 639-3 hlb
Glottolog halb1244   Halbi
Linguasphere 59-AAF-tb
Halbi map.png
Halbi-speaking region

Halbi (also Bastari, Halba, Halvas, Halabi, Halvi) is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language, transitional between Odia and Marathi. [2] It is spoken by at least 766,297 people across the central part of India.

Contents

The Mehari (or Mahari) dialect is mutually intelligible with the other dialects only with difficulty. There are an estimated 200,000 second-language speakers (as of 2001). In Chhattisgarh educated people are fluent in Hindi. Some first language speakers use Bhatri as a second language.

Halbi is often used as a trade language, but there is a low literacy rate. It is written in the Odia and Devanagari scripts.[ citation needed ] It uses SOV word order (subject-object-verb), makes strong use of affixes, and places adjectives before nouns.

Phonology

Vowels

Halbi has 6 vowels: /i, e, ə, a, o, u/. All vowels show contrastive vowel nasalization. [3]

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal voiced mn(ɳ)(ɲ)ŋ
breathy
Stop/
Affricate
voiceless ptʈk
aspirated ʈʰtʃʰ
voiced bdɖg
breathy ɖʱdʒʱ
Fricative sh
Approximant voiced ʋlj
breathy
Rhotic voiced r(ɽ)
breathy (ɽʱ)

References

  1. "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 2018-07-07.
  2. Masica (1991)
  3. Kaushikkar, Chitra Vijay (1972). A descriptive analysis of Halbi: An Indo-Aryan language. Poona: Deccan College.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)