When the K&T was dieselized in 1964, No. 4501 was purchased by a railfan named Paul H. Merriman with $5,000 of his own money and brought to Chattanooga, Tennessee. Shortly thereafter, it was returned to steam for main lineexcursion service on the Southern's steam program started by the railroad's president, W. Graham Claytor Jr. in 1966 through Merriman's 4501 Corporation.
Repainted in Southern's passenger Virginian green and gold paint scheme, No. 4501 operated as the main line steam excursion star of Southern's steam program until being replaced by larger steam locomotives in 1985. The locomotive returned to mainline excursion service in 1990 until 1994, when Southern's successor, Norfolk Southern discontinued the steam program due to rising insurance costs and decreasing rail network availability.
No. 4501 continued to operate for the Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum (TVRM) in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Merriman was a founding member of TVRM, alongside Robert "Bob" Soule, and eventually handed 4501 over from his personal property to museum property. Repainted into its original freight black livery in 1996, the locomotive was retired when its boiler ticket certificate expired in 1998.
With the upcoming of Norfolk Southern's 21st Century Steam Program and the success of TVRM's Southern Railway 630, the restoration on No. 4501 began in 2012 and was completed in 2014, with period upgrades such as a feedwater heater and mechanical stoker added in which most of 4501's contemporaries received in the 1940s, but the locomotive itself never received. No. 4501 currently operates in tourist excursion service at TVRM, traditionally on the longer trips to Summerville, Georgia, throughout the year and TVRM's Missionary Ridge Local and Evening Ridge Runner excursions as needed during the weekends.
History
Design
182 2-8-2 "Mikado" type MS class steam locomotives were built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works, the American Locomotive Company, and the Lima Locomotive Works between 1911 and 1917 to haul freight trains for the Southern Railway (SOU) and were numbered in the 4501-4635, 6250-6284, and 6600-6611 series.[3][4] They were designed with 63in (1,600mm) driving wheels, 53,900lb (24.4 tonnes) of tractive effort, an operating boiler pressure of 200psi (1.38MPa), and their tenders had a capacity of 12 tonnes (12,000kg) of coal and 8,000 US gallons (30,000L) of water.[1][5] Some of these locomotives were equipped with Walschaerts (Nos. 4501-4603, 4624-4635) and Southern valve gears (Nos. 4604-4623).[5][6] In the 1940s, some of the locomotives were eventually re-equipped with Worthington feedwater heaters, mechanical stokers, bigger sand domes, larger tenders, and multiple-bearing crossheads to improve their performances.[6][7]
Revenue service on the SOU and K&T
No. 4501 was built by Baldwin in October 1911 at a cost of $23,182 as the first of its wheel arrangement type for the Southern Railway.[1][8] It was assigned to operate on many different divisions of the Southern Railway system from Tennessee to Virginia, Kentucky, and Indiana, hauling freight trains.[2] In the mid-late 1940s, the No. 4501 locomotive was retired from revenue service and was sent to the SOU's Princeton Shops to be stored at a locomotive boneyard in Princeton, Indiana.[2] On October 7, 1948, the Kentucky and Tennessee Railway (K&T), headquartered in Stearns, Kentucky, purchased No. 4501 for $8,225 and renumbered it as their No. 12 locomotive.[2][8] No. 12 worked on the K&T hauling coal trains until 1964, when the K&T purchased three ALCO S-2diesel locomotives from the Denver and Rio Grande Western. Consequently, No. 12, along with K&T's other steam locomotives, were retired from revenue service.[2][8]
First restoration and excursion service
Railfan Paul H. Merriman purchased No. 12 for the 4501 Corporation with $5,000 of his own money and renumbered it back to 4501.[2][8] On June 6, 1964, after No. 4501 moved under its own power to Chattanooga from the K&T, an initial restoration was undergone by the Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum (TVRM) volunteers at the facilities of the Lucey Boiler Company in Chattanooga near the TVRM's storage facilities, which were at the time located on former Western Union Company tracks.[2]
"It’s a good thing to let another generation know what a steam locomotive is."
— W. Graham Claytor Jr., during the inaugural trips of Southern Railway No. 4501 in August 1966[9]
No. 4501 was stripped down for an extensive overhaul, with the thin cab floor, the rotted ash pan, and the rusty smokebox front replaced.[10] The dented cab roof was straightened and a radio antenna was installed.[10] The cylinder cocks were reworked, and the throttle was lapped with a new air line run to the repacked reversing gear.[10] No. 4501 was repainted in the Southern passenger Virginian green and gold paint scheme, paying homage to the Ps-4 locomotives being painted in that livery.[10][11] After the restoration was completed in August 1966, the No. 4501 locomotive pulled its inaugural excursion train between Chattanooga and Richmond, Virginia, officially kicking off the SOU's new steam excursion program.[10][12][13]
In 1975, Paul Merriman donated the title of No. 4501 to the TVRM.[24] On September 1, 1977, No. 4501 travelled from Durham, North Carolina to Roanoke, Virginia to participate in that year's NRHS Convention.[25] On September 3, No. 4501 pulled a NRHS doubleheader excursion behind Texas and Pacific 610 on the N&W from Roanoke to Lynchburg.[25][26] Upon arrival in Lynchburg, No. 4501 pulled eleven cars solo on the SOU to Altavista, and then it returned to Roanoke via N&W's former Virginian trackage.[25][26] Another doubleheader excursion with No. 610 was planned on September 5, but pilot truck issues sidelined No. 610 in Roanoke, and No. 4501 had to pull the excursion with two diesel locomotives to Charlottesville.[25][26]
On March 28, 1979, No. 4501 became listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[1] On April 11, 1981, the locomotive suffered a cracked front flue sheet at Dalton, Georgia, while pulling an excursion trip from Atlanta to Chattanooga.[27][28] A diesel locomotive pulled the remainder of the trip while No. 4501 was towed back to the Irondale Workshop in Birmingham, Alabama, for a long-term rebuild, lasting until November 1984.[28][29] Following the rebuild, No. 4501 received a newly welded tender body with the coal capacity decreased to 16 tonnes (16,000kg) and the water tank capacity increased to 13,000 US gallons (49,000L).[14] The tender's former Andrews pilot trucks were replaced with modern roller bearing trucks.[29]
At the end of the 1985 operating season, the locomotive was retired from mainline excursion service and moved back to the TVRM due to SOU's successor, Norfolk Southern (NS), expanding the steam program with larger N&W locomotives, 4-8-4J class No. 611 and 2-6-6-4A class No. 1218 to haul the longer and heavier excursion trains.[30] Five years later, No. 4501 returned to mainline excursion service to operate on lines that were off limits to the two N&W locomotives.[31]
On November 3, 1991, during the 25th anniversary of the Southern steam program, No. 4501 was triple-headed with N&W 611 and 1218 on a planned excursion train of 28 passenger cars from Chattanooga to Atlanta.[32] At Ooltewah, Tennessee, No. 4501 took some cars for a complete round trip, turning around at Cleveland, Tennessee.[32] Meanwhile, the 611 and 1218 completed the rest of the trip to Atlanta.[32]
In 1994, NS executives announced that they would discontinue their steam program due to serious safety concerns, rising insurance costs, the expense of maintaining steam locomotives, and decreasing rail network availability due to a surge in freight traffic.[33][34] No. 4501 made its last public NS mainline excursion trip on April 30, planned to be from Birmingham to Columbus, Georgia. But it was taken off at Alexander City, Alabama, due to overheated bearings, and Norfolk Southern GP59 diesel locomotive No. 4610 finished the rest of the trip.[33][35] No. 4501 returned to TVRM on May 25.[35]
After Norfolk Southern ended their steam program in late 1994, No. 4501 remained at TVRM operating its excursion runs through north Georgia on the Chattooga and Chickamauga Railway shortline.[36] In October 1996, the locomotive was repainted back to its original freight black livery for TVRM's 35th anniversary.[36] It continued to operate until it was removed from service on September 20, 1998, due to the expiration of its boiler ticket.[36]
Second restoration and excursion service
No. 4501 in storage at TVRM's Soule Shops in 2006
In June 2010, Norfolk Southern announced that they would run excursions with No. 4501 and 2-8-0 "Consolidation" No. 630 with their new 21st Century Steam program.[37] In March 2011, No. 630 returned to service pulling tourist trains for the TVRM and some of the first mainline excursion trips for the 21st Century Steam program.[38] With No. 630 in operating condition, the restoration of No. 4501 began at TVRM's Soule Shops in 2012.[39]
During the restoration of No. 4501 around 2013, the locomotive received upgrades to its trailing wheels that included the addition of roller bearings to help guide the locomotive through curved tracks.[40] A Worthington SA type feedwater heater replica from a 2-10-2 China Railways QJ Class was installed on No. 4501 to improve the locomotive's performance.[40] Its tender was given a mechanical stoker from Canadian National 5288, a 4-6-2 steam locomotive that was also on display at TVRM, but would later be sold to the Colebrookdale Railroad in 2023.[41][42] These modifications increased the locomotive's operating boiler pressure from 200psi (1.38MPa) to 205psi (1.41MPa), which created a slight increase in tractive effort.[43] The Armstrong lubricators that spring-loaded the driving wheels were replenished by an automatic lubricator from the North Yorkshire Moors Railway in North Yorkshire, England.[40]
No. 4501 preparing to depart East Chattanooga station with the Summerville Steam Special excursion on October 4, 2014
On September 6, 2014, No. 4501 was steamed up for the first time in 18 years, and it made its debut at TVRM's 2014 Railfest.[44][45][46] The locomotive made a test run from Chattanooga to LaFayette, Georgia, on the Chattooga and Chickamauga Railway line on September 25, 2014, to be prepared for TVRM's upcoming annual Summerville Steam Special on October 4 that year.[47]
On May 1, 2015, No. 4501 returned to the Norfolk Southern main line for the first time in 21 years and successfully completed a test round trip from TVRM to Cleveland, Tennessee.[48][49] On June 26, 2015, No. 4501 began to participate in the 21st Century Steam program, running the Radford Rambler excursion from Bristol to Radford, Virginia.[49][50] On June 27, the locomotive pulled the Lonesome Pine Special excursion from Bristol to Bulls Gap, Tennessee, and ran the Radford Rambler again on June 28.[49][50] On September 12 and 13, No. 4501 ran a round trip excursion from Chattanooga to Cleveland, during TVRM's 2015 Railfest,[49][50] but on Sunday, the locomotive was taken off the excursion due to some poor coal damaging its firebox grates.[51] Two weeks later, the locomotive pulled the Nancy Hanks Special excursion from Macon to Tennille, Georgia.[49][50][52]
No. 4501 was planned to run the Piedmont Limited round trip excursion from Atlanta to Toccoa, Georgia, on October 3 and 4, 2015, but it was canceled on October 1 due to Hurricane Joaquin, making the locomotive's career for the 21st Century Steam program very short-lived.[49][53][54] Norfolk Southern officially ended their 21st Century Steam program, while No. 4501 remained at TVRM to continue excursion operations and became the main motive power for its annual Summerville Steam Special excursion from Chattanooga to Summerville, Georgia.[49][55][56]
On March 12-13, 2018, Nos. 4501 and 630 participated in Lerro Productions' Southern Railway photo charter, where they hauled a mixed freight train consist at the TVRM section on the former day and the Summerville branch line on the latter day.[57] In September 2019, No. 4501 was temporarily masqueraded as Louisville and Nashville J-3 Mikado No. 1593 for the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Historical Society annual convention.[58][59] In the summer of 2023, TVRM operates No. 4501 on the Evening Ridge Runner weekend excursions, which run from TVRM's Grand Junction Station to the Soule Shop during evening times.[60]
Appearances in media
No. 4501 made its first feature film appearance in the 1971 movie Fools' Parade in which it was repainted to resemble a Baltimore & Ohio steam locomotive.[61]
No. 4501 is shown while under steam in the 1974 movie Ridin' the Rails: The Great American Train Story.[61] A clip of this movie, with Johnny Cash at the throttle of the locomotive, was used in the music video for Hurt, which was covered by Cash.[46]
No. 4501 was used in the 1999 movie October Sky where it was dressed up to look like an N&W locomotive.[62] Railroad photographer O. Winston Link made a cameo appearance in the film as the engineer driving No. 4501.
No. 4501 was the subject of the 2016 feature-length documentary And Then There Was One, which chronicles the history of the locomotive's career to that point.[63]
↑ This was the final time a steam locomotive pulled the CWM's train before the annual Circus event was halted for a twelve-year hiatus.[20][22]
Related Research Articles
The Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum is a railroad museum and heritage railroad in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
The EMD GP38-2 is an American four-axle diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors, Electro-Motive Division. Part of the EMD Dash 2 line, the GP38-2 was an upgraded version of the earlier GP38. Power is provided by an EMD 645E 16-cylinder engine, which generates 2,000 horsepower.
Texas and Pacific 610, also known as "Will Rogers", is a preserved class I-1AR 2-10-4 "Texas" type steam locomotive that was originally operated by the Texas and Pacific Railway (T&P). No. 610 and its class were based on Lima Locomotive Works' prototype "Super Power" 2-8-4 design, and the T&P rostered them to pull fast and heavy freight trains.
Norfolk and Western 1218 is a preserved four-cylinder simple articulated 2-6-6-4 steam locomotive, built in June 1943 by the Norfolk and Western's (N&W) Roanoke Shops in Roanoke, Virginia as part of the N&W's class "A" fleet of fast freight locomotives. It was retired from regular revenue service in July 1959, and was later restored by Norfolk Southern for excursion service for their steam program, pulling excursions throughout the eastern United States from 1987 to 1991. It is currently on display at the Virginia Museum of Transportation in Roanoke, Virginia.
Southern Railway 1401 is a 4-6-2 steam locomotive built in July 1926 by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) of Richmond, Virginia, for the Southern Railway (SOU) as a member of the Ps-4 class, which was based on the United States Railroad Administration (USRA) Heavy Pacific design with some minor differences. It was assigned to haul the SOU's Crescent Limited passenger train between Washington, D.C., and Atlanta, Georgia.
Southern Railway 630 is a 2-8-0 "Consolidation" type steam locomotive built in February 1904 by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) of Richmond, Virginia for the Southern Railway as a member of the Ks-1 class. It is currently owned and operated by the Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum (TVRM) in Chattanooga, Tennessee where it resides today for use on excursion trains.
Southern Railway 722 is a class "Ks-1" 2-8-0 "Consolidation" type steam locomotive built in September 1904 by the Baldwin Locomotive Works to run on the Murphy Branch, where it hauled freight trains between Asheville and Murphy, North Carolina for the Southern Railway (SOU). In 1952, it was purchased by the East Tennessee and Western North Carolina Railroad (ET&WNC), alongside its sister locomotive No. 630, where they were served as switchers around Johnson City and Elizabethton, Tennessee.
Atlanta and West Point 290 is a P-74 steam locomotive built in March 1926 by the Lima Locomotive Works (LLW) in Lima, Ohio for the Atlanta and West Point Railroad. It is a 4-6-2 heavy "Pacific" type steam locomotive, which was remarkably similar to the Southern Railway's Ps-4 class. With sister locomotive No. 190 built for the Western Railway of Alabama (WRA), No. 290 ferried the Southern Railway's Crescent passenger train from Atlanta, Georgia to Montgomery, Alabama until its retirement from revenue service in 1954.
Norfolk and Western 611, also known as the "Spirit of Roanoke" and the "Queen of Steam", is the only surviving example of Norfolk and Western's (N&W) class J 4-8-4 type "Northern" streamlined steam locomotives. Built in May 1950 at N&W's Roanoke Shops in Roanoke, Virginia, it was one of the last mainline passenger steam locomotives built in the United States and represents one of the pinnacles of American steam locomotive technology.
The Southern Railway Ps-4 was a class of 4-6-2 steam locomotives built for the Southern Railway, as well as its subsidiaries, the Alabama Great Southern Railroad and the Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway. The locomotives were notable for their green with gold trim liveries, and have been regarded by Smithsonian curator John H. White Jr. as being "among the most celebrated passenger locomotives operated in the United States...."
Tennessee Valley Railroad No. 610 is a preserved S160 Class 2-8-0 "Consolidation" type steam locomotive built by the Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation for the U.S. Army in March 1952. It is one of the last steam locomotives built for service in the United States and the last new steam locomotive acquired by the U.S. Army. As of 2023, No. 610 is owned by the Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum.
The 21st Century Steam program was conducted by the Norfolk Southern Railway from 2011 to 2015, featuring four classic steam locomotives pulling passenger excursions along Norfolk Southern rails in the eastern United States. The last train was to be Southern 4501's Piedmont Limited excursion trip from Atlanta, Georgia, to Toccoa, Georgia, but cancelled on October 1 due to Hurricane Joaquin.
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway 2716 is a class "K-4" 2-8-4 "Kanawha" (Berkshire) type steam locomotive built in 1943 by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) for the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O). While most railroads referred to these 2-8-4 type locomotives as Berkshires, the C&O referred to them as Kanawhas after the Kanawha River, which flows through West Virginia. Used as a dual service locomotive, No. 2716 and its classmates served the C&O in a variety of duties until being retired from revenue service in 1956.
And Then There Was One is a 2016 documentary film focusing on the history of Southern Railway 4501. It was directed by Evan Lofback. The film premiered at the Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum on September 9, 2016.
Grand Trunk Western No. 4070 is an S-3-a class 2-8-2 USRA Light Mikado steam locomotive, and it was originally built by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) in December 1918 for the Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) as No. 474. It was later re-numbered to 3734 by the Grand Trunk Western (GTW), after the GTR was absorbed into Canadian National (CN). In the late 1950s, the locomotive received a larger tender from an S-3-c class locomotive, and it was further re-numbered to 4070.
Grand Canyon Railway 4960 is a preserved O-1A class 2-8-2 "Mikado" type steam locomotive built in August 1923 by the Baldwin Locomotive Works for the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy (CB&Q) Railroad. It was used by the CB&Q to pull freight trains, until 1958, when the locomotive pulled its first excursion fantrip, as part of the railroad's steam excursion program.
Atlantic Coast Line 1504 is a 4-6-2 steam locomotive built in March 1919 by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) of Richmond, Virginia, for the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (ACL) as a member of the P-5-A class under the United States Railroad Administration (USRA) standard. No. 1504 was assigned to pull ACL's premier main line passenger trains during the 1920s to early 40s and even main line freight trains in the late 1940s until it was retired from revenue service at the end of 1952.
Savannah and Atlanta 750, formerly Florida East Coast 80, is a 4-6-2 “Light Pacific” steam locomotive built in January 1910 by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) of Schenectady, New York, originally for the Florida East Coast Railway (FEC) as No. 80. Throughout the 1930s, FEC had sold of several of their locomotives, with No. 80 being sold in 1935 to the Savannah and Atlanta Railway, where it was renumbered to 750. The locomotive pulled commuter passenger trains and occasional mixed freight trains for the S&A, until the railroad dieselized in the early 1950s. In 1962, the locomotive was donated to the Atlanta Chapter of the National Railway Historical Society, who began using the locomotive to pull occasional excursion trains. No. 750 was subsequently leased to the Southern Railway for use to pull trains for their new steam excursion program, and the lease ended in 1984. From 1985 to 1989, the locomotive pulled excursion trains for the New Georgia Railroad around Atlanta, until it was retired, due to firebox issues. As of 2022, No. 750 remains on static display inside the Southeastern Railway Museum in Duluth, Georgia.
Grand Trunk Western 5629 was a 4-6-2 K-4-a steam locomotive, which was a copy of the United States Railroad Administration's (USRA) Light Pacific design, built by American Locomotive Company (ALCO) in 1924, for the Grand Trunk Western Railroad. It was used to haul commuter passenger trains in Michigan until 1960, when it was purchased by Chicago-based railfan Richard Jensen, who used No. 5629 to pull several excursion trains in the Chicago area throughout the 1960s.
The Great Dismal Swamp train derailment occurred on the afternoon of May 18, 1986, when a special Norfolk Southern employee passenger train derailed at the Great Dismal Swamp near Suffolk, Virginia. The accident injured 177 passengers; 18 were seriously injured and need to be airlifted to nearby hospitals in Norfolk, Virginia. The train was pulled by Norfolk and Western 611, a class J 4-8-4 steam locomotive, which was restored to operating condition for excursion service in 1982.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
