| Tequatrovirus | |
|---|---|
Virus classification  | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Duplodnaviria |
| Kingdom: | Heunggongvirae |
| Phylum: | Uroviricota |
| Class: | Caudoviricetes |
| Family: | Straboviridae |
| Subfamily: | Tevenvirinae |
| Genus: | Tequatrovirus |
| Species | |
See text | |
| Synonyms | |
T4virus | |
Tequatrovirus is a genus of viruses in subfamily Tevenvirinae of family Straboviridae . [1] Gram-negative bacteria serve as the natural host, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are 84 species in this genus. [1]
The following species are assigned to the genus: [1]
Tequatrovirus species are nonenveloped, with a head and tail. The head is a prolate spheroid approximately 120 nm in length and 86 nm in width, with an elongated icosahedral symmetry (T=13, Q=21) composed of 152 total capsomers. The tail has six long terminal fibers, six short spikes, and a small base plate. The tail is enclosed in a sheath, which loosens and slides around the tail core upon contraction. [2]
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tequatrovirus | Head-Tail | T=13 Q=21 | Non-enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Genomes are linear, around 169kb in length. The genome codes for 300 proteins. [2] Some species have been fully sequenced and are available from ICTV. They range between 159k and 235k nucleotides, with 242 to 292 proteins. The complete genomes are available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information, along with the complete genomes for dozens of other similar, unclassified virus strains. [3]
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. The virus attaches to the host cell using its terminal fibers, and uses viral exolysin to degrade the cell wall enough to eject the viral DNA into the host cytoplasm via contraction of its tail sheath. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and holin/endolysin/spanin proteins. Once the viral genes have been replicated, the procapsid is assembled and packed. The tail is then assembled and the mature virions are released via lysis. Gram-negative bacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion. [2]
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tequatrovirus | Bacteria: gram negative | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
The ICTV's first report (1971) included the genus T-even phages, unassigned to an order, family, or subfamily. [4] The genus was renamed in 1976 to T-even phage group, moved into the newly created family Myoviridae in 1981. In 1993, it was renamed again to T4-like phages, and was moved into the newly created order Caudovirales in 1998. The next year (1999), it was renamed to T4-like viruses. Once more, the genus was moved into the newly created subfamily Tevenvirinae in 2010-11, renamed to T4likevirus in 2012, and renamed again to T4virus in 2015. In 2021, the subfamily Tevenvirinae was moved to the new family Straboviridae . [4]
Myoviridae was a family of bacteriophages in the order Caudovirales. The family Myoviridae and order Caudovirales have now been abolished, with the term myovirus now used to refer to the morphology of viruses in this former family. Bacteria and archaea serve as natural hosts. There were 625 species in this family, assigned to eight subfamilies and 217 genera.
Hpunavirus is a genus of viruses in the family Peduoviridae. Bacteria serve as the natural host, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are two species in this genus.
Peduovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Peduoviridae the class Caudoviricetes. Bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are 30 recognised species in this genus.
Twortvirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Herelleviridae, in the subfamily Twortvirinae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There is only one species in this genus: Staphylococcus virus Twort.
Schizotequatrovirus is a unassigned genus of viruses in the unassigned family Straboviridae, in the class Caudoviricetes,. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus.
Felixounavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Myoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are currently 16 species in this genus, including the type species Salmonella virus FelixO1.
Tevenvirinae is a subfamily of viruses in the family Straboviridae of class Caudoviricetes. The subfamily was previously placed in the morphology-based family Myoviridae, which was found to be paraphyletic in genome studies and abolished in the 2021 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) classification. Bacteria and archaea serve as natural hosts. There are 148 species in this subfamily, included in 14 genera.
Hapunavirus is a genus of viruses in the family Myoviridae, not assigned to a subfamily. Bacteria serve as the natural host, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are two species in this genus.
Muvirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Myoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are two species in this genus.
Pbunavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Myoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There are 27 species in this genus.
Phikzvirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Chimalliviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus.
Zindervirus is a genus of viruses in the family Autographiviridae, within the subfamily Molineuxvirinae. Bacteria serve as the natural host, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are currently three species in this genus, including the type species Salmonella virus SP6.
Teseptimavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Autographiviridae, in the subfamily Studiervirinae. Bacteria serve as the natural host, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are currently 17 species in this genus, including the type species Escherichia virus T7.
Lederbergvirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Podoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are six species in this genus.
Fromanvirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Siphoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are 59 species in this genus.
Lambdavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Siphoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are five species in this genus. The genus also includes several unclassified viruses—including the corynephages β and ω, which infect Corynebacterium diphtheriae and carry the deadly diphtheria toxin.
Ravinvirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Siphoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There is only one species in this genus: Escherichia virus N15.
Spbetavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Siphoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There is only one species in this genus: Bacillus virus SPbeta.
Tequintavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Demerecviridae. Bacteria serve as the natural host, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are currently 22 species in this genus, including the type species Escherichia virus T5.
Tunavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Drexlerviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There are currently 14 species in this genus, including the type species Escherichia virus T1.