Valerylfentanyl

Last updated
Valerylfentanyl
Valerylfentanyl.png
Valerylfentanyl 3D BS.png
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • N-(1-(2-Phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)-N-phenylpentylamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
Formula C24H32N2O
Molar mass 364.533 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CCCCC(=O)N(C1CCN(CC1)CCC2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3
  • InChI=1S/C24H32N2O/c1-2-3-14-24(27)26(22-12-8-5-9-13-22)23-16-19-25(20-17-23)18-15-21-10-6-4-7-11-21/h4-13,23H,2-3,14-20H2,1H3
  • Key:VCCPXHWAJYWQMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Valerylfentanyl is an opioid analgesic that is an analog of fentanyl and has been sold online as a designer drug. [1] It has been seldom reported on illicit markets and there is little information about it, though it is believed to be less potent than butyrfentanyl but more potent than benzylfentanyl. [2] In one study, it fully substituted for oxycodone and produced antinociception and oxycodone-like discriminative stimulus effects comparable in potency to morphine in mice, [3] but failed to stimulate locomotor activity in mice at doses up to 100 mg/kg. [4]

Contents

Side effects

Side effects of fentanyl analogs are similar to those of fentanyl itself, which include itching, nausea and potentially serious respiratory depression, which can be life-threatening. Fentanyl analogs have killed hundreds of people throughout Europe and the former Soviet republics since the most recent resurgence in use began in Estonia in the early 2000s, and novel derivatives continue to appear. [5] A new wave of fentanyl analogues and associated deaths began in around 2014 in the US, and have continued to grow in prevalence; especially since 2016 these drugs have been responsible for hundreds of overdose deaths every week. [6]

Valerylfentanyl is a Schedule I controlled drug in the USA since 1 February 2018. [7]

In December of 2019, the UNODC announced scheduling recommendations placing valerylfentanyl into Schedule I. [8]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Cooman T, Hoover B, Sauvé B, Bergeron SA, Quinete N, Gardinali P, Arroyo LE (June 2022). "The metabolism of valerylfentanyl using human liver microsomes and zebrafish larvae". Drug Testing and Analysis. 14 (6): 1116–1129. doi:10.1002/dta.3233. PMID   35128825. S2CID   246633284.
  2. ↑ Prekupec MP, Mansky PA, Baumann MH (2017). "Misuse of Novel Synthetic Opioids: A Deadly New Trend". Journal of Addiction Medicine. 11 (4): 256–265. doi:10.1097/ADM.0000000000000324. PMC   5537029 . PMID   28590391.
  3. ↑ Walentiny DM, Moisa LT, Beardsley PM (May 2019). "Oxycodone-like discriminative stimulus effects of fentanyl-related emerging drugs of abuse in mice". Neuropharmacology. 150: 210–216. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.007 . PMID   30735691.
  4. ↑ Varshneya NB, Walentiny DM, Moisa LT, Walker TD, Akinfiresoye LR, Beardsley PM (June 2019). "Opioid-like antinociceptive and locomotor effects of emerging fentanyl-related substances". Neuropharmacology. 151: 171–179. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.03.023. PMC   8992608 . PMID   30904478. S2CID   84182661.
  5. ↑ Mounteney J, Giraudon I, Denissov G, Griffiths P (July 2015). "Fentanyls: Are we missing the signs? Highly potent and on the rise in Europe". The International Journal on Drug Policy. 26 (7): 626–631. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.04.003. PMID   25976511.
  6. ↑ Armenian P, Vo KT, Barr-Walker J, Lynch KL (May 2018). "Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: A comprehensive review" . Neuropharmacology. 134 (Pt A): 121–132. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.016. PMID   29042317. S2CID   21404877.
  7. ↑ "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Seven Fentanyl-Related Substances in Schedule I". Federal Register. 1 February 2018.
  8. ↑ "December 2019 – WHO: World Health Organization recommends 12 NPS for scheduling".
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