Vehicle registration plates of Japan

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In Japan, the national government issues vehicle registration plates for motor vehicles through the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Land Transportation Offices nationwide. However, the local municipality rather than the national government registers certain vehicles with small engine displacements.

Contents

The number on the top line is a vehicle class code which begins with a 0 through 9 to indicate specific vehicle classification. This is signified by the length, width and height of the vehicle as well as engine displacement. Broadly speaking, passenger automobiles with engine displacements at or smaller than 2000  cc receive 5-series plates, while passenger automobiles with engine displacements larger than 2,000 cc (120 cu in) or more receive 3-series license plates.

Regular Japanese vehicle registration plate JAPAN license plate with seal - Flickr - woody1778a.jpg
Regular Japanese vehicle registration plate
Foreign diplomatic plate with Wai Japan diplomatic license plate Wai -3006.jpg
Foreign diplomatic plate with 外
Foreign diplomatic plate with encircled Wai Japan diplomatic license plate (Wai )13401.jpg
Foreign diplomatic plate with encircled 外

Official vehicles of the Imperial household are exempt from the requirement to display such plates. Official vehicles of the Self-Defense Forces and the foreign diplomats are required to display other plates.

Night image of jiko-shiki (literally "character-glowing type", which means illuminated letters) plate, as might be issued in Osaka Japanese illumination license plate.png
Night image of jikō-shiki (literally "character-glowing type", which means illuminated letters) plate, as might be issued in Osaka

The plates are installed on both the front and rear of the vehicle, with the rear plate permanently attached to the vehicle with a prefecture seal completely covering one of the attaching plate bolts. The plate is only removed when the vehicle is sold secondhand to someone from a different prefecture, has reached the end of service and has been sold for scrap, or exported. New vehicles are not delivered to the purchaser until the plates have been attached at the dealership.

Since November 1, 1970, a "jikō-shiki" (字光式) plate has been offered for private vehicles at the owner's request. The green characters on this type of plate are replaced with molded green plastic that can be illuminated from behind the plate. From May 19, 1998, specific numbers can also be requested if the numbers are not already in use. From 2010, these are also available in blue version of vehicle registration plates started in 1973.

The international vehicle registration code for Japan is J.

Appearance

ClassEngine (cc displacement)Plate colorText colorPlate dimensions
Private vehicle>660WhiteGreenMedium or large
Commercial vehicle>660GreenWhiteMedium or large
Lightweight private (kei car)<660YellowBlackMedium
Lightweight commercial<660BlackYellowMedium
Microcar 0–49Sky Blue*BlueExtra small
2 wheel0–49White*BlueExtra small
2 wheel50–89Yellow*BlueExtra small
2 wheel90–124Pink*BlueExtra small
2 wheel125–249WhiteGreenSmall
2 wheel≥250White, green borderGreenSmall

* These plates are issued by municipal governments.

Large
44x22 cm (17.3x8.7 inch)
(for over 8 tons vehicle, or capacity of 30 people or more)
Medium
33x16.5 cm (13x6.5 inch)
Small
23x12.5 cm (9x4.9 inch)
Extra small
about 20x10 cm (7.8x3.9 inch)
(differs according to each municipality)

Until 31 December 1974, kei cars had small green and white license plates. After this date, they received medium plates, now in black and yellow to distinguish them from regular cars.

Private vehiclesCommercial vehicles
Compact or Large vehicles and motorbikes (displacements <250 cm³) Japanese green on white license plate.png Japanese white on green license plate.png
Kei car Japanese black on yellow license plate.png Japanese yellow on black license plate.png
2-wheeled vehicle ≥250 cm³ Japanese motorcycle license plate.png Japanese motorcycle license plate 2.png

The illustration shows what a plate might look like. The top line contains the name of the issuing office (Tama, shown, is in Tokyo) and a vehicle class code. The bottom line contains a hiragana character and a four-digit serial number divided into two groups of two digits separated by a hyphen. Any leading zeroes are replaced by centered dots.

White plates can have the following hiragana (bold indicates rental vehicle characters):

さすせそたちつてとなにぬねのはひふほまみむめもやゆよらりるろれわ

Green plates can have the following hiragana:

あいうえかきくけこを

Some characters, including ones with a dakuten or a handakuten, cannot be used on any plates, including the yellow and black ones:

おばだがぱざびぢぎぴしじぶづぐぷずへべでげペぜぼどごぽぞゑゐん

A license plate in Japan thus follows this format: KK?*H##-## (e.g., 足立500き21-41), where KK is the name of the issuing office in kanji, H is a hiragana, ? is a 5 for vehicles less than 2000 cc and a 3 for vehicles greater than 2000 cc (other numbers are less common—1 for large trucks, 2 for buses, etc. [1] ), * is a number from 0 to 99 (pre-1971 license plates will omit this), and # is a number from 0* to 9 (*leading zeroes are replaced by centered dots).

Special use plates

Plate of the Imperial House of Japan only attached when the Emperor himself or the Empress is in the car Imperial House of Japan license plate.jpg
Plate of the Imperial House of Japan only attached when the Emperor himself or the Empress is in the car
U.S. forces license plate of Okinawa U.S. forces license plate of Okinawa, Japan.jpg
U.S. forces license plate of Okinawa

Vehicles owned by personnel with the United States military in Japan under the Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) have a "Y" on white plates, or an "A" on yellow plates, where the hiragana character is normally displayed. Earlier versions of the SOFA license plate displayed the letters "K", "M", "G", "H" and "E". These letters indicated the car was imported into Japan under SOFA and was left-hand drive. Today, cars with an "E" indicate that Japanese sales tax has not been paid and the vehicle will not remain in Japan when the military member departs. Since the 1980s, military commands have discouraged servicemembers assigned to Japan from shipping their vehicles from the U.S. into the country, so this is rarely seen. Military members who retire in Japan use the hiragana "よ". Many opt to purchase second-hand domestic vehicles through used car dealers off-base, and from other servicemembers departing Japan at on-base "lemon lots". [2]

The official imperial cars have a special number plate with the kanji 皇 and a one-digit number below.

Out of country plates

NHK announced in early 2009 that prefectures may now choose their own color scheme and possibly pattern. This is already being done with the motorcycle plates for Matsuyama, Ehime. Japanese motorcycle license plate Matsuyama cloud.png
NHK announced in early 2009 that prefectures may now choose their own color scheme and possibly pattern. This is already being done with the motorcycle plates for Matsuyama, Ehime.

Because the Japanese writing system, particularly the kana , is unique to Japan, standard-issue Japanese license plates are considered unacceptable for international travel. If motorists wish to take their vehicles abroad with them, the Ministry of Transport will issue them with plates with the hiragana and kanji scripts replaced by Roman letters. The hiragana prefix is replaced by a Kunrei-shiki romanization of that character. The kanji prefecture/office code is replaced by a two- or three-letter abbreviation, the first two letters representing the prefecture, the third (if present) representing the office within the prefecture. All the numerical portions of the plate remain the same.

Using the example given above, the plate (足立50Kき21-41) would then read TKA 50K KI 21-41 (TKA for Tokyo Adachi).

Vehicle class code system

In addition to plate size and color, Japanese plates since 1962 have identified the vehicle type (signified by length, width and height as well as engine displacement) by use of a vehicle class code signified by a number on the top line of the plate for all vehicles with three or more wheels. [3] The vehicle class code system is not widely understood outside of Japan, and as a result, Japanese vehicles displaying "vanity" Japanese license plates at overseas shows and events are often unwittingly misrepresented.

Motorbikes and other two wheeled vehicles do not use this system.

In 1967, double digit vehicle codes were introduced for the first time, once all previous possible combinations were used. For example, 3 would become 33, and then 34, 35, etc. This began in October 1967 in the more populous prefectures initially for the most common vehicle classes such as 3 and 5. In April 1971 all vehicle codes become double digit across the country. Double digit codes finally stopped being issued in 1999.

By the early 1970s, three wheeled passenger cars were no longer in production and some prefectures began to issue the double digit codes 77, 78 and 79 as an 'overflow series' for passenger cars 2000cc and under. This practice stopped in 1999.

By May 1998, some prefectures were beginning to run out of all possible combinations of double digit vehicle codes for the most common classes (notably 599 and 799) and began issuing triple digit vehicle codes.

1962-711967-991998-Description
111, 1x1xxTruck with displacement larger than 2000cc (petrol vehicles only), and/or longer than 4.7 metres, narrower than 1.7 metres, higher than 2 metres
222, 2x2xxSmall to medium bus
333, 3x3xxPassenger car with displacement larger than 2000cc, or exceeding length and width regulations for compact cars
444 through 494xxTruck, van, or station wagon with displacement from 660cc to 2000cc (petrol vehicles only), and/or shorter than 4.7 metres, narrower than 1.7 metres, lower than 2 metres
555, 5x5xxPassenger car with displacement from 660cc to 2000cc and shorter than 4.7 metres, narrower than 1.7 metres
666, 6xThree wheeled truck with displacement less than 360cc
7Three wheeled passenger car
77, 7xPassenger car with displacement from 660cc to 2000cc and shorter than 4.7 metres, narrower than 1.7 metres ('overflow' series)
888, 8x800Special vehicle requiring yearly inspection with displacement greater than 660cc
999900Tractor or forklift
000000Construction equipment

Transportation offices and markings

In 2006, several new location names, known as Gotōchi (ご当地, local place) numbers, were approved by the MLIT for places that wanted to increase their recognition for purposes such as tourism. Criteria included the need for 100,000 vehicles in the area and the avoidance of an imbalance in the prefecture. The new locations began appearing in 2006 on plates for vehicles registered in certain specific cities, towns and villages in or near the places marked below in green.

Issuing officeMarkingFormer markings
Prefecture Municipality Jpn Transliteration Intl
Aichi Komaki 尾張小牧 Owari-KomakiACO
一宮 Ichinomiya ACI
春日井 Kasugai ACK
Nagoya 名古屋NagoyaACN愛 (AC)
Toyohashi 豊橋ToyohashiACT
Toyota 三河 Mikawa ACM
岡崎 Okazaki ACZ
豊田ToyotaACY
Akita Akita 秋田AkitaATA秋 (AT)
Aomori Aomori 青森AomoriAMA青 (AM)
Hachinohe 八戸HachinoheAMH
Chiba Chiba 千葉ChibaCBC千 (CB)
成田 Narita CBT
Funabashi 習志野 Narashino CBN
Noda 野田NodaCBD
Kashiwa CBK
Sodegaura 袖ヶ浦SodegauraCBS
Ehime Matsuyama 愛媛EhimeEH
Fukui Fukui 福井FukuiFI
Fukuoka Fukuoka 福岡FukuokaFOF福 (FO)
Iizuka 筑豊 Chikuhō FOC
Kitakyushu 北九州KitakyūshūFOK
Kurume 久留米KurumeFOR
Fukushima Fukushima 福島FukushimaFS
会津 Aizu FSA
郡山 Kōriyama FSK
Iwaki いわきIwakiFSI
Gifu Gifu 岐阜GifuGFG岐 (GF)
Takayama 飛騨 Hida GFH
Gunma Maebashi 群馬GunmaGMG群 (GM)
前橋 Maebashi GMM
高崎 Takasaki GMT
Hiroshima Fukuyama 福山FukuyamaHSF
Hiroshima 広島HiroshimaHSH広 (HS)
Hokkaidō Asahikawa 旭川AsahikawaAKA旭 (AK)
Hakodate 函館HakodateHDH函 (HD)
Kitami 北見KitamiKIK北 (KI)
Kushiro 釧路KushiroKRK釧 (KR)
Muroran 室蘭MuroranMRM室 (MR)
Obihiro 帯広ObihiroOHO帯 (OH)
Sapporo 札幌SapporoSPS札 (SP)
Hyōgo Himeji 姫路HimejiHGH
Kobe 神戸KōbeHGK兵 (HG)
Ibaraki Mito 水戸MitoIGM茨城 (IGI), 茨 (IG)
Tsuchiura 土浦TsuchiuraIGT
つくば Tsukuba IGK
Ishikawa Kanazawa 石川IshikawaIKI石 (IK)
金沢KanazawaIKK
Iwate Yahaba 岩手IwateITI岩 (IT)
平泉 Hiraizumi ITH
盛岡 Morioka ITM
Kagawa Takamatsu 香川KagawaKAK香 (KA)
Kagoshima Kagoshima 鹿児島KagoshimaKOK鹿 (KO)
奄美 Amami KOA
Kanagawa Aikawa 相模 Sagami KNS
Hiratsuka 湘南 Shōnan KNN
Kawasaki 川崎KawasakiKNK
Yokohama 横浜YokohamaKNY神 (KN)
Kōchi Kōchi 高知KōchiKCK高 (KC)
Kumamoto Kumamoto 熊本KumamotoKUK熊 (KU)
Kyoto Kyoto 京都KyōtoKTK京 (KT)
Mie Tsu 三重MieMEM三 (ME)
鈴鹿 Suzuka MES
Miyagi Sendai 宮城MiyagiMGM宮 (MG)
仙台SendaiMGS
Miyazaki Miyazaki 宮崎MiyazakiMZ
Nagano Matsumoto 松本MatsumotoNNM
諏訪 Suwa NNS
Nagano 長野NaganoNNN長 (NN)
Nagasaki Nagasaki 長崎NagasakiNS
Tsushima
Sasebo 佐世保SaseboNSS
Nara Yamatokōriyama 奈良NaraNRN奈 (NR)
Niigata Nagaoka 長岡NagaokaNGO
Niigata 新潟NiigataNGN新 (NG)
Ōita Ōita 大分ŌitaOT
Okayama Okayama 岡山OkayamaOYO岡 (OY)
倉敷 Kurashiki OYK
Okinawa Ishigaki 沖縄OkinawaONO沖 (ON)
Miyakojima
Urasoe
Osaka Izumi 和泉IzumiOSZ泉 (OSI)
Sakai OSS
Neyagawa 大阪ŌsakaOSO大 (OS)
Osaka なにわ Naniwa OSN
Saga Saga 佐賀SagaSAS佐 (SA)
Saitama Kasukabe 春日部KasukabeSTB
越谷 Koshigaya STY
Kumagaya 熊谷KumagayaSTK
Saitama 大宮 Ōmiya STO埼玉 (STS), 埼 (ST)
川口 Kawaguchi STW
Tokorozawa 所沢TokorozawaSTT
川越 Kawagoe STG
Shiga Moriyama 滋賀ShigaSIS滋 (SI)
Shimane Shimane 島根ShimaneSN嶋 (SM)
Shizuoka Hamamatsu 浜松HamamatsuSZH
Numazu 沼津NumazuSZN
富士山 Fujisan SZF
伊豆 Izu SZI
Shizuoka 静岡ShizuokaSZS静 (SZ)
Tochigi Sano とちぎTochigiTCK
Utsunomiya 宇都宮UtsunomiyaTGU栃木 (TGT), 栃 (TG)
那須 Nasu TGN
Tokushima Tokushima 徳島TokushimaTST徳 (TS)
Tokyo Adachi 足立AdachiTKA足 (TOA)
Hachiōji 八王子HachiōjiTKH
Kunitachi 多摩 Tama TKT多 (TOT)
Nerima 練馬NerimaTKN練 (TON)
杉並 Suginami TKM
Shinagawa 品川Shinagawa, OgasawaraTKS品 (TOS)
世田谷 Setagaya TKG
Tottori Tottori 鳥取TottoriTTT鳥 (TT)
Toyama Toyama 富山ToyamaTYT富 (TY)
Wakayama Wakayama 和歌山WakayamaWKW和 (WK)
Yamagata Mikawa 庄内 Shōnai YAS
Yamagata 山形YamagataYA
Yamaguchi Yamaguchi 山口YamaguchiYUY山 (YU)
下関 Shimonoseki YUS
Yamanashi Fuefuki 山梨YamanashiYN
富士山 Fujisan YNF

See also

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The Braille pattern dots-3 is a 6-dot braille cell with the bottom left dot raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the middle-bottom left dot raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2804, and in Braille ASCII with an apostrophe.

The Braille pattern dots-123 is a 6-dot braille cell with all three left side dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top, upper-middle, and lower-middle left dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2807, and in Braille ASCII with "L".

The Braille pattern dots-5 is a 6-dot braille cell with the middle right dot raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the upper-middle right dot raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2810, and in Braille ASCII with a quote mark: ".

The Braille pattern dots-25 is a 6-dot braille cell with both middle dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with both upper-middle dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2812, and in Braille ASCII with the number 3.

The Braille pattern dots-35 is a 6-dot braille cell with the bottom left and middle right dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the lower-middle left and upper-middle right dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2814, and in Braille ASCII with the number 9.

The Braille pattern dots-1235 is a 6-dot braille cell with dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2817, and in Braille ASCII with an R.

The Braille pattern dots-6 is a 6-dot braille cell with the bottom right dot raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the lower-middle right dot raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2820, and in Braille ASCII with a comma:,.

The Braille pattern dots-26 is a 6-dot braille cell with the middle left and bottom right dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the upper-middle left and lower-middle right dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2822, and in Braille ASCII with the number 5.

The Braille pattern dots-36 is a 6-dot braille cell with both bottom dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with both lower-middle dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2824, and in Braille ASCII with the hyphen: -.

The Braille pattern dots-1236 is a 6-dot braille cell with the bottom right and all left-side dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top, upper-middle, and lower-middle left dots; and lower-middle right dot raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2827, and in Braille ASCII with V.

The Braille pattern dots-1346 is a 6-dot braille cell with both top and both bottom dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with both top and both lower-middle dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+282d, and in Braille ASCII with an X.

The Braille pattern dots-56 is a 6-dot braille cell with the middle and bottom right dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the upper-middle and lower-middle right dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2830, and in Braille ASCII with a semicolon: ;.

The Braille pattern dots-256 is a 6-dot braille cell with both middle, and the bottom right dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with both upper-middle, and the lower-middle right dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2832, and in Braille ASCII with the number 4.

The Braille pattern dots-2456 is a 6-dot braille cell with the top right, both middle, and bottom right dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top right, both upper-middle, and lower-middle right dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+283a, and in Braille ASCII with W.

The Braille pattern dots-3456 is a 6-dot braille cell with the top right, middle right, and both bottom dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top right, upper-middle right, and both lower-middle dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+283c, and in Braille ASCII with a number sign: #.

The Braille pattern dots-23456 is a 6-dot braille cell with the top right, both middle, and both bottom dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top right, both upper-middle, and both lower-middle dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+283e, and in Braille ASCII with a close parenthesis: ).

References

  1. Vehicle Code System since 1962 - Japanese License Plates Archived 2006-11-21 at the Wayback Machine .
  2. How to Purchase and Register a Vehicle Archived 2008-07-15 at the Wayback Machine , Web site of the USS Fitzgerald (DDG-62).
  3. "Vehicle Code System since 1962 - Japanese License Plates". 2006-11-21. Archived from the original on 2006-11-21. Retrieved 2018-04-24.