West London line

Last updated

West London line
Unit 378013 at Imperial Wharf.JPG
A Class 378 train operated for London Overground at Imperial Wharf, September 2009
Overview
StatusOperational
Owner Network Rail
Locale Greater London
Termini
Stations6
Service
Type
System
Operator(s)
Rolling stock
Technical
Number of tracks Two
Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge
Electrification Third rail,  750 V DC
Overhead line,  25 kV 50 Hz AC
Route map
West London line.png
(Click to expand)
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Underground no-text.svg Willesden Junction
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Willesden Junction
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Mitre Bridge Junction
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North Pole Junction
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St. Quintin Park and
Wormwood Scrubs
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overhead AC
third rail DC
changeover
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link closed 1940
Uxbridge Road
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Shepherd's Bush ( LU)
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link closed 1916
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Warwick Road goods yard
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Chelsea & Fulham
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Imperial Wharf
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Chelsea Basin goods yard
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Battersea
Latchmere Southwest Jct
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to Waterloo
 
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South London lines
to Victoria
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The West London line (WLL) is a short railway in inner West London that links Willesden Junction in the north to Clapham Junction in the south. The line has always been an important cross-London link, especially for freight services. Southern and London Overground provide regular passenger services; detailed below.

Contents

In November 2024, the London Overground service on the line was named, along with that on the North London line, the Mildmay line (to honour the Mildmay Mission Hospital which treated victims of the HIV/AIDS crisis in the 1980s) and coloured light blue on the Tube map. [1]

History

Origins

The Birmingham, Bristol & Thames Junction Railway was authorised in 1836 to run from the London and Birmingham Railway (L&BR), near the present Willesden Junction station, across the proposed route of the Great Western (GWR) on the level, to the Kensington Canal Basin. For about twelve years, the railway ran alongside the Kensington Canal, formerly Counter's Creek, a minor tributary of the Thames River until it was filled in, the water course turned into a sewer and the future District line built over it. Construction was delayed by engineering and financial problems. Renamed the West London Railway (WLR) the line officially opened on 27 May 1844, and regular services began on 10 June, but before that trials to demonstrate the potential of the atmospheric railway system had been held from 1840 to 1843 on a half-mile section of track adjacent to Wormwood Scrubs, leased to that system's promoters; [2] The WLR used conventional power but was not a commercial success. After only six months it closed on 30 November 1844.

An Act of 1845 authorised the GWR and the L&BR (which became part of the London and North Western Railway [LNWR] in 1846) to take a joint lease of the WLR. The line was used only to carry coal, and passenger service was not re-introduced. The lack of success of the line became such a regular target of Punch magazine that the line was called Punch's Railway. [3] [4]

An Act in 1859 granted those two companies, with the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR) and the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR), powers to construct the West London Extension Joint Railway on the filled-in canal south from the Kensington Basin to the bridge under the Kings Road, to bridge the Thames and to connect near Clapham Junction to railways south of the river. [5] [6] The existing line was doubled, and the flat crossing of the GWR main line, where a number of collisions had occurred, was replaced by a flyover. [7] The new line opened on 2 March 1863 with a passenger station at Addison Road (now Kensington (Olympia)) slightly north of the original Kensington station, and was then well used by various inner London services for the remainder of the nineteenth century.

Operations to 1940

For a time, the West London line formed part of the GWR's Middle Circle route (1872–1905) which ran (clockwise) from Mansion House to Aldgate (originally Moorgate) via Earl's Court, Kensington Olympia, Latimer Road and Baker Street. The West London line was also part of London Underground for a time and operated as a branch of the Metropolitan Railway between Edgware Road and Addison Road. The branch was eventually closed and the link between the West London line and today's Hammersmith & City line was dismantled in 1930.

A branch was installed to allow trains from the former Southern Railway to access to the West Coast Main Line and vice versa: in summer the London Midland and Scottish Railway ran from as far north as Glasgow to the South Coast. Through trains in the steam era changed locomotives here. From the 1920s there was a United Dairies depot on the site of a former dairy farm here, which up until the late 1970s had regular milk train deliveries. [8]

The northern section of the line, from Willesden Junction to Kensington Olympia and on to Earls Court, was electrified by the LNWR in 1915.

Decline after World War II

After a period of popularity, passenger usage dwindled on the West London Railway. Competition from the new deep-level Underground railways and electric tramways took away custom by offering more direct routes into Central London. With the onset of World War II, the West London line was badly hit in some parts by enemy action during the Blitz and the demise of the line was hastened by wartime bombing. In 1940, LMS steam trains from Clapham Junction to Kensington ceased on 20 October and the services to Willesden and Edgware Road Met electric services ceased on 3 and 20 October respectively. [9]

In 1948, the line became part of British Rail, following the nationalisation of the railways, but remained mostly in use as a freight route. For many years, limited passenger trains ran on workday mornings and evenings, to carry workers at the Post Office Savings Bank headquarters, Blythe House, near Olympia from Clapham Junction and back again, but these services were not publicly advertised.

Kensington Olympia was used as late as the 1970s as a location for collecting milk tanks (for the west country) from various terminals in the London area such as Ilford. This activity later transferred to Clapham Junction. [10]

Evolution of the West London line
The Circle Routes of Victorian London.png
Map of the former Middle Circle route (1872–1905)
Earls Court, Studland Road, Bishops Road, Addison Road, Hammersmith, Kensington, North Pole, South Kensington, Uxbridge Road & Westbourne Park RJD 39.jpg
A 1911 map of the West London line and junctions
Tube map 1926.jpg
A 1926 Tube map showing West London line stations
The West London line has been used by London's railways in many ways over time

Reinstatement of passenger services

Since the 1940s the line has often been used for excursion and other special through trains across London to the South Coast. Between April 1963 and June 1965 the section between Willesden Jn and Kensington Olympia was used for trains diverted from Euston during the rebuilding of Euston station [11] section. Kensington Olympia station was refurbished accordingly. During 1967 passenger services were diverted from Paddington between Old Oak Common and Kensington Olympia during engineering works at Paddington station.

In the late 1970s, the Greater London Council began to revitalise the North London line (NLL), incorporating it onto the Tube Map in 1977 as a white line with black borders marked "British Rail" and electrifying the route from Dalston to Woolwich in 1985. [12] The limited Clapham Junction – Kensington Olympia service appeared in the public timetables, but full passenger services on the West London line were not re-introduced until 1994 by Network SouthEast service. In 1997, as part of the privatisation of British Rail, operation of both the West London line and North London line was brought under the North London Railway franchise, and taken over by National Express, trading as Silverlink. For a decade, the West London line was operated with the green-and-purple liveried Silverlink Metro trains.

Channel Tunnel infrastructure work in 1993 electrified the line at 750 V DC third rail from the South to the North Pole depot. The line is electrified at 25 kV AC overhead wires from Westway (near the overbridge carrying the Hammersmith and City Line) to Willesden and the North. Until the High Speed 1 railway line from St Pancras opened in November 2007, Eurostar trains from Waterloo International used the West London line to access their North Pole depot.

The line was crucial to the planned Regional Eurostar service, and between 1995 and 1997 carried two daily services connecting the ECML and WCML respectively to Waterloo for international passengers. However the idea was cancelled. [13]

Platforms were reinstated at West Brompton in 1999. In 2007, Transport for London took over the North London Railway franchise as the London Overground concession, introducing new rolling stock and rebranding the West London line trains and stations in orange livery. The line appears today on the Tube Map as an orange stripe. New stations opened at Shepherd's Bush in 2008 and Imperial Wharf in 2009, bringing main line rail services to a large catchment area in West London.

Historical West London line operators
PO Workers train Olympia 1968.jpg
The unadvertised Post Office workers' train at Olympia in 1968
Clapham Junction - geograph.org.uk - 786843.jpg
The West London line passenger service, revived in 1994 by BR Network Southeast and run as a diesel service (pictured here at Clapham Junction in 1995)
Silverlink 313122 at Kensington Olympia 03.jpg
the fully electric West London line service during the days of Silverlink at Olympia (2006)
The changing face of passenger trains on the West London line

Regional and InterCity services

In 1966 British Rail launched Motorail, a long-distance accompanied car train which transported passengers and their cars to the West of England and Scotland. The London Motorail terminal was at Kensington (Olympia), using the West London line for its wide connections to the UK mainline rail network. Motorail ceased operations in 1981. [14]

Intercity prior to 1997, and then from 1997 to 2007 Virgin CrossCountry operated a long-distance service between Edinburgh Waverley and Manchester Piccadilly and Brighton, in addition Intercity operated Summer Saturday services Liverpool to Dover Western Docks and Manchester to Eastbourne which use the West London line route to cross from Acton Main Line, stopping at Olympia and passing through Clapham Junction. The CrossCountry franchise was taken over by Arriva CrossCountry and in 2008 the Brighton route was terminated. [15] [16]

In 2009, Southern introduced its cross-London service from Milton Keynes to East Croydon. [17] For a brief period, Southern and Connex also operated a direct service from Rugby to Brighton via Gatwick Airport, but this was withdrawn in 2001. [18]

Train services

London Overground train on the West London line Unit 378205 at Clapham Junction.JPG
London Overground train on the West London line
Southern train on the West London line Southern 377203 at Kensington Olympia 02.jpg
Southern train on the West London line

London Overground

The core operation of the West London line is the metro/commuter rail operated by London Overground. Four trains per hour run between Clapham Junction and Willesden Junction, with most trains continuing on the North London line to and from Stratford. It forms the western section of the Overground's orbital rail route which was completed in December 2012 when the East London line was extended to Clapham Junction via the South London line, linking it to the West London line.

In July 2023, TFL announced that it would be giving each of the six Overground services unique names by the end of the following year. [19] [20] In February 2024, it was confirmed that services on the line would be named the Mildmay line (to honour the Mildmay Hospital which treated victims of the HIV/AIDS crisis in the 1980s) and would be coloured blue on the updated network map. [1] The new name started to be used in November 2024.

Cross-London services

Along with the Thameslink and the East London line routes, the West London line presently forms part of the West London Route which is one of three National Rail routes which run across London instead of terminating in the central area. [21] This regional rail service operated by Southern connects the West Coast Main Line in the north to the Brighton Main Line in the south. Hourly trains run between East Croydon and Watford Junction, with additional peak services between Shepherd's Bush and Clapham Junction. Southern services pass through Willesden Junction without stopping as the mainline platforms were removed in 1962. However there are plans for these services to stop at Willesden Junction in the future which will mean building new main line platforms at Willesden Junction.

This regional service previously ran from Brighton to Watford Junction. It was originally conceived as a Brighton-Birmingham service, and until December 2008 a twice-daily CrossCountry service ran from Brighton via Kensington (Olympia) and Reading to Birmingham New Street. The service was curtailed due to the difficulty in securing train paths in the congested West Midlands, and operated only as far as Rugby. With engineering works on the upgrade of the West Coast Main Line, the service was shortened to terminate at Watford, and was discontinued, later revived as a shorter regional route as part of the South Central franchise in 2008. Due to congestion on the West Coast Main Line, the service did not run north of Milton Keynes Central, [22] and in May 2022 was curtailed to Watford Junction. [23]

Route

From north to south, to line follows the following route with current and former stations, junctions with other railways and other features:

Current Route

StationImageLocationInterchange & notes
Willesden Junction
Willesden Junction station MMB 19 378005.jpg 51°31′58″N0°14′44″W / 51.53266°N 0.24547°W / 51.53266; -0.24547

Underground no-text.svg Bakerloo
Overground roundel (no text).svg North London line
Overground roundel (no text).svg Watford DC line


West London line trains use the high-level platforms shared with the North London line (NLL); Watford DC & Bakerloo lines use the low-level platforms
Shepherd's Bush Shepherd's Bush Overground stn high northbound.JPG 51°30′18″N0°13′03″W / 51.505128°N 0.217561°W / 51.505128; -0.217561 Underground no-text.svg Central
Opened September 2008 on the site of the former Uxbridge Road station.
Kensington (Olympia) Kensington olympia from above.jpg 51°29′55″N0°12′39″W / 51.4986°N 0.2108°W / 51.4986; -0.2108 Underground no-text.svg District
Opened in 1862 as Addison Road
West Brompton West Brompton stn Overground high southbound.JPG 51°29′12″N0°11′45″W / 51.4866°N 0.1957°W / 51.4866; -0.1957 Underground no-text.svg District
WLL platforms situated parallel to the Underground platforms closed in 1940 following World War II bomb damage; reopened 1999, restoring District line interchange
Imperial Wharf Imperial Wharf stn look north.JPG 51°28′31″N0°10′58″W / 51.47517°N 0.18281°W / 51.47517; -0.18281 BSicon FERRY.svg River
Opened 2009 as part of the expansion of London Overground
Clapham Junction Clapham Junction stn platform 2 look east with Unit 378138 Dec 2012.JPG LOC

Overground roundel (no text).svg South London line
National Rail logo.svg National Rail


WLL terminates in a bay platform parallel to Waterloo to Reading Line, shared with terminating South London line services. Southern trains call at platforms on the other side of the station before continuing south to East Croydon.

Former Route

StationImageLocationInterchange & notes
Willesden Junction
Willesden Junction station MMB 19 378005.jpg 51°31′58″N0°14′44″W / 51.53266°N 0.24547°W / 51.53266; -0.24547

Underground no-text.svg Bakerloo
Overground roundel (no text).svg North London line
Overground roundel (no text).svg Watford DC line


West London line trains use the high-level platforms shared with the North London line (NLL); Watford DC & Bakerloo lines use the low-level platforms
West London Junction Willesden junction map.png 51°31′49″N0°14′40″W / 51.530213°N 0.244515°W / 51.530213; -0.244515 After Willesden Junction, the line heads south and crosses the West Coast Main Line via a bridge; the WLL separates from the NLL, which heads southwest towards Richmond.
Mitre Bridge Junction WLL-WCML-branch.png 51°31′37″N0°14′10″W / 51.527017°N 0.236132°W / 51.527017; -0.236132

Junction located just south of bridge over Hythe Road; the WLL curves east before turning south towards Shepherd's Bush. Southern services from Watford Junction join the WLL at this junction after branching off from the WCML near Willesden Junction and curving south over a level crossing.

Mitre Bridge First Great Western trains near Old Oak Common (geograph 2387650).jpg 51°31′37″N0°14′10″W / 51.527017°N 0.236132°W / 51.527017; -0.236132 Cantilever bridge which crosses the Great Western Main Line and the Grand Union Canal close to Old Oak Common TMD
North Pole Junction North Pole depot trainshed.JPG 51°31′26″N0°13′58″W / 51.523965°N 0.232855°W / 51.523965; -0.232855 End-on junction; connection to former Eurostar North Pole depot, which is parallel to the GWR main line. The WLJR proper starts here.
St Quintin Park & Wormwood Scrubs (closed) North Pole Road in London, 2013.jpg 51°31′13″N0°13′40″W / 51.5204°N 0.2279°W / 51.5204; -0.2279 Destroyed by wartime bombing in 1940
Westway flyover Travellers site under the Westway, from the West London Line (geograph 2830548).jpg 51°31′00″N0°13′24″W / 51.5168°N 0.2233°W / 51.5168; -0.2233 Just north of the Westway flyover is the AC/DC changeover point where electric trains switch power supply: 25 kV AC overhead lines to the north, 750 V DC third rail to the south
Junction with the Metropolitan Railway (dismantled) The Circle Routes of Victorian London.png 51°30′38″N0°13′12″W / 51.510551°N 0.219868°W / 51.510551; -0.219868 This former eastbound spur linked the WLL to the line which is today the Hammersmith & City line via Latimer Road when the WLL formed part of the Middle Circle route from 1872 to 1905
Shepherd's Bush Shepherd's Bush Overground stn high northbound.JPG 51°30′18″N0°13′03″W / 51.505128°N 0.217561°W / 51.505128; -0.217561 Underground no-text.svg Central
Opened September 2008 on the site of the former Uxbridge Road station.
Junction with the L&SWR (dismantled) Hammersmith Railway Map, 1889.jpg 51°30′08″N0°12′54″W / 51.502141°N 0.215121°W / 51.502141; -0.215121 A former westbound spur connecting the WLL to the Hammersmith & City line via Shepherd's Bush, removed in 1930
Kensington (Olympia) Kensington olympia from above.jpg 51°29′55″N0°12′39″W / 51.4986°N 0.2108°W / 51.4986; -0.2108 Underground no-text.svg District
Opened in 1862 as Addison Road
West London Extension Junction Earls Court, Studland Road, Bishops Road, Addison Road, Hammersmith, Kensington, North Pole, South Kensington, Uxbridge Road & Westbourne Park RJD 39.jpg 51°29′41″N0°12′19″W / 51.494673°N 0.205319°W / 51.494673; -0.205319 End-on junction between the two parts of the line; extensive goods yards owned by LNWR and GWR
West Brompton West Brompton stn Overground high southbound.JPG 51°29′12″N0°11′45″W / 51.4866°N 0.1957°W / 51.4866; -0.1957 Underground no-text.svg District
WLL platforms situated parallel to the Underground platforms closed in 1940 following World War II bomb damage; reopened 1999, restoring District line interchange
Chelsea & Fulham (closed) The West London Line (geograph 3420713).jpg 51°28′49″N0°11′15″W / 51.480267°N 0.18749°W / 51.480267; -0.18749 Station closed in 1940 following World War II bomb damage; a goods line branched off south of the station to Chelsea Basin (the present-day site of Chelsea Harbour Pier)
Imperial Wharf Imperial Wharf stn look north.JPG 51°28′31″N0°10′58″W / 51.47517°N 0.18281°W / 51.47517; -0.18281 BSicon FERRY.svg River
Opened 2009 as part of the expansion of London Overground
Battersea Railway Bridge Battersea Bridge.jpg 51°28′23″N0°10′45″W / 51.47306°N 0.17917°W / 51.47306; -0.17917 Crosses the River Thames
Battersea (closed) Site of Battersea Station (West London Extension Railway) - geograph.org.uk - 1772392.jpg 51°28′17″N0°10′20″W / 51.47152°N 0.17219°W / 51.47152; -0.17219 Closed in 1940 following World War II bomb damage
Latchmere Junctions Clapham Junction, Stewarts Lane, Lavender Hill & Longhedge RJD 17.jpg 51°28′15″N0°10′04″W / 51.470823°N 0.167775°W / 51.470823; -0.167775 Connections to the South West Main Line (Waterloo) & the Brighton & Chatham Main Lines (London Victoria). Southern trains branch off here to traverse the main lines via a dive-under. When the WLL formed part of the Outer Circle route (1872–1908), trains would branch off here to Victoria.
Clapham Junction Clapham Junction stn platform 2 look east with Unit 378138 Dec 2012.JPG LOC

Overground roundel (no text).svg South London line
National Rail logo.svg National Rail


WLL terminates in a bay platform parallel to Waterloo to Reading Line, shared with terminating South London line services. Southern trains call at platforms on the other side of the station before continuing south to East Croydon.

The West Cross Route, one side of the Ringway 1 inner ring road, would have paralleled the line.

Rolling stock

Trains in scheduled passenger services on the West London line are as follows:

 Class ImageType Top speed  Routes operated 
 mph  km/h 
British Rail Class 377/2 Southern377215-WestBrompton-20040927.JPG EMU 100160Southern
Watford Junction to East Croydon
Southern Class 377 Diagram.PNG
British Rail Class 377/7
7 number 377705 at East Croydon.jpg
EMU 100160Southern
Watford Junction to East Croydon
Southern Class 377-7.png
British Rail Class 378/2 Shepherd's Bush railway station MMB 05 378017.jpg EMU 75120London Overground
Willesden Junction to Clapham Junction
London Overground Class 378-2.png
British Rail Class 710/3 710263 Willesden Junction.jpg EMU 75120London Overground
Willesden Junction to Clapham Junction
LO Class 710-2 5 Car w-pantograph.png

Passenger volume

These are passenger volume statistics for the line from the years beginning April 2002 to April 2022. The large increases in the year beginning April 2006 were due to travelcards for National Rail journeys being made available from stations with London Underground ticket offices, and also using a different methodology to estimate likely journeys made from National Rail stations in Zone 1. The large increases in the year beginning April 2010 were due to increased train frequencies helped by the introduction of new rolling stock. Shepherd's Bush opened 2008 and Imperial Wharf the following year. [24] There was a significant change in methodology for estimating usage of London stations in 2015–16, resulting in large changes in usage numbers for some stations. [25]

Station usage
Station name2002–032004–052005–062006–072007–082008–092009–102010–112011–122012–132013–142014–152015–162016–172017–182018–192019–202020–212021–222022–23
Willesden Junction 1,658,7191,858,2771,976,3051,472,6341,350,7071,202,5781,780,9802,377,3163,504,3043,651,5063,964,2544,802,4466,243,1726,196,8046,069,6065,943,5906,019,3602,795,9565,357,5386,367,758
Shepherd's Bush 2,675247,5341,014,8962,240,7363,148,5943,818,2283,932,9564,433,4708,653,4287,984,0427,952,7887,955,1067,647,0882,271,6285,008,5625,705,198
Kensington Olympia 762,1031,159,0861,244,2731,391,7401,790,0621,923,9621,833,5372,311,7925,936,9845,290,5387,290,8367,249,10210,904,8404,117,6084,049,3923,636,8803,353,060738,9341,742,8062,281,904
West Brompton 131,414313,725411,667518,781632,970643,852887,6921,506,0062,103,9462,501,6262,524,2283,365,5045,625,7505,226,4165,249,8304,936,1124,516,9921,411,1583,027,0203,510,570
Imperial Wharf 119,250737,3881,230,7341,579,5641,818,3801,982,7803,290,2003,133,0023,193,6083,123,3222,863,3741,010,0642,324,4422,706,930
Clapham Junction 17,122,20812,550,03512,426,54218,868,02619,881,29517,445,43217,758,80819,671,34221,918,11623,622,71825,287,25026,465,84032,282,22030,680,76629,444,71029,520,13228,892,3488,370,70617,397,12020,790,150
The annual passenger usage is based on sales of tickets in stated financial years from Office of Rail and Road estimates of station usage. The statistics are for passengers arriving and departing from each station and cover twelve-month periods that start in April. Methodology may vary year on year. Usage from the periods 2019-20 and especially 2020-21 onwards have been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic

Future

The Crossrail project instated the Elizabeth line, a new east-west cross-London route which uses the Great Western Main Line up to Reading, and crosses the West London line 0.5 kilometres (0.31 mi) south of Willesden Junction at Old Oak Common. A new station, Old Oak Common railway station, is planned at this site to provide an interchange between the Elizabeth line, the GWML and High Speed 2. Due to the proximity of Willesden Junction, it has been suggested that an interchange could be added with the North London, Bakerloo, Watford DC and West London lines. A 2010 Department for Transport command paper highlights opportunities for interchanges at Old Oak Common with London Underground, London Overground and Southern's cross-London services, [26] while a report prepared by Terry Farrell and Partners for the Borough of Hammersmith & Fulham proposes the construction of an overhead light rail, automated people mover or personal rapid transit system linking "Old Oak Central" [ sic ] with Willesden Junction. [27] However, as of 2013, no firm proposals exist to create an interchange with these lines. [28]

Proposals for Old Oak Common being considered by Transport for London include a scheme to realign the routes of both the West London and North London lines around the Old Oak Common site to create a new London Overground interchange station. The proposal envisages diverting the NLL Richmond route to curve around the eastern side of Old Oak Common, and re-routing the WLL to branch west south of the Mitre Bridge before curving north along a short section of the Dudding Hill Line to join the West Coast Main Line. The NLL and WLL would meet at a point on the southern side of Old Oak Common, adjacent to Wormwood Scrubs, where new interchange platforms would be built. Alternative versions of this scheme also consider cheaper options such as terminating the WLL at Old Oak Common or two separate London Overground stations. [29] [30]

The West London line passes beneath the Earls Court Exhibition Centre along a complex intersection of track which crosses over the subsurface junction of three District line branches. The planned redevelopment of the site by Capital & Counties Properties envisages demolishing the Exhibition Centre to make way for retail and housing; as part of these plans, the West London line is to be enclosed by a concrete box. Commentators have noted that the proposals make no allowance for any future quadrupling of the track to increase capacity on the line. [31]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clapham Junction railway station</span> Major railway station in London, England

Clapham Junction is a major railway station near St John's Hill in south-west Battersea in the London Borough of Wandsworth, England, 2 miles 57 chains from London Victoria and 3 miles 74 chains from London Waterloo. Despite its name, Clapham Junction is not in Clapham, a district 1 mile (1.6 km) to the south-east.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North London line</span> Railway line in London

The North London line is a railway line which passes through the inner suburbs of London, England between Richmond in the south-west and Stratford in the east, avoiding central London. Its route is a rough semicircle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richmond station (London)</span> London Underground, London Overground and National Rail station

Richmond, also known as Richmond (London), is an interchange station in Richmond, Greater London on the Waterloo to Reading and North London lines. It is a western terminus of both the District line of the London Underground and the Mildmay line of the London Overground. South Western Railway services on the Waterloo to Reading Line are routed through Richmond, which is between North Sheen and St Margarets stations, 9 miles 57 chains (15.6 km) down the line from London Waterloo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Willesden Junction station</span> London Underground and London Overground station

Willesden Junction is an interchange station located in Harlesden, north-west London. It is situated on the Bakerloo line of the London Underground and the Lioness and Mildmay lines of the London Overground. The station is located close to the Old Oak Lane conservation area in the East Acton ward.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Watford Junction railway station</span> Principal railway station in Hertfordshire, England

Watford Junction is a railway station serving the town of Watford in Hertfordshire, England. The station is on the West Coast Main Line (WCML), 17 miles 34 chains (28 km) from London Euston and the Abbey Line, a branch line to St Albans. It is also the northern terminus of the Lioness line of the London Overground, which operates via the Watford DC line into central London.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wandsworth Road railway station</span> London Overground station

Wandsworth Road is a station on the Windrush line of the London Overground, located between Battersea and Clapham in South London. It is 1 mile 75 chains (3.1 km) from London Victoria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gospel Oak railway station</span> London Overground station

Gospel Oak is a London Overground interchange station in the London Borough of Camden in north-west London. It is the western terminus of the Suffragette line to and from Barking Riverside, and is also situated on the Mildmay line between Clapham Junction/Richmond and Stratford. Passengers using Oyster cards are required to tap on interchange Oyster card readers when changing between the two lines. The station is in Travelcard Zone 2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kensington (Olympia) station</span> London Underground, London Overground and National rail station

Kensington (Olympia) is an interchange station between the Mildmay line of the London Overground and National Rail services operated by Southern, located in Kensington, West London. Limited services on the District line of the London Underground also operate to here.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Camden Road railway station</span> London Overground station

Camden Road is a station on the Mildmay line of the London Overground, located in the London Borough of Camden in north London.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">West Brompton station</span> London Underground, London Overground and National Rail station

West Brompton is a Grade II-listed interchange station located on Old Brompton Road (A3218) in West Brompton, West London. The station is served by the District line of the London Underground; the Mildmay line of the London Overground; and National Rail services operated by Southern along the West London line.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gunnersbury station</span> London Underground and London Overground station

Gunnersbury is an interchange station in Gunnersbury, London, situated on the District line of the London Underground and the Mildmay line of the London Overground. The station is located off Chiswick High Road (A315) and opened on 1 January 1869.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Imperial Wharf railway station</span> London Overground station

Imperial Wharf is an interchange station between National Rail services and the Mildmay line of the London Overground, located in Sands End in West London. Opened on 27 September 2009, the station is located on the West London line in between West Brompton and Clapham Junction stations. The station is managed by London Overground. Chelsea Harbour Pier is located 250 m (820 ft) away, providing interchange with Thames Clippers boat services.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bombardier Electrostar</span> Family of British electric passenger trains

The Bombardier Electrostar is a family of electric multiple-unit (EMU) passenger trains manufactured by Bombardier Transportation at their Derby Litchurch Lane Works in England between 1999 and 2017. It has become the most common new EMU type in the United Kingdom since the privatisation of British Rail with a number of variants. Electrostar trains are most common on high-volume suburban commuter routes around London; and on mainline services from London south to Surrey and the south coast, east to Essex, and north to Cambridge and Stansted Airport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orbirail</span> Proposed orbital railway around London

Orbirail was a name for a suggested orbital railway route around London.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">London Overground</span> London suburban rail network

London Overground is a suburban rail network serving London and its environs. Established in 2007 to take over Silverlink Metro routes, it now serves a large part of Greater London as well as Hertfordshire, with 113 stations on the six lines that make up the network.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Old Oak Common railway station</span> Planned railway station in London

Old Oak Common (OOC) is a railway station under construction on the site of the Old Oak Common traction maintenance depot to the west of London in Old Oak Common, approximately 500 m (1,600 ft) south of Willesden Junction station. When built, it is expected to be one of the largest rail hubs in London, at about 800 m (2,600 ft) in length and 20 m (66 ft) below surface level.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outer Circle (London)</span>

The Outer Circle was a London & North Western Railway service in London that operated from 1872 to 1908. The route was from the District Railway station at Mansion House to Earl's Court, then via the West London Railway to Willesden Junction and then via the North London Railway to Broad Street. Although not a complete circuit, it was one of several 'circle' routes around London that opened at the same time, such as the 'inner circle' that is today's Circle line. Trains would run once every 30 minutes. In 1908 the service was cut back to run from Earl's Court to Broad Street.

The North and South Western Junction Railway (NSWJR) was a short railway in west London, England. It opened in 1853, connecting Willesden on the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) with Brentford on the London and South Western Railway (LSWR). After a difficult start it became an important freight route and that usage continues today. A passenger service linked LSWR stations with the North London Railway, and a branch was built to Hammersmith.

The West London Railway was conceived to link the London and Birmingham Railway and the Great Western Railway with the Kensington Basin of the Kensington Canal, enabling access to and from London docks for the carriage of goods. It opened in 1844 but was not commercially successful.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shepherd's Bush railway station</span> London Overground station

Shepherd's Bush is an interchange station between the Mildmay line of the London Overground and National Rail services operated by Southern, located in Shepherd's Bush, West London. It opened on 29 September 2008 and lies within Travelcard Zone 2.

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Further reading

51°29′57″N0°12′42″W / 51.4991°N 0.2116°W / 51.4991; -0.2116