Related Research Articles
Chadian Arabic, also known as Shuwa Arabic, Western Sudanic Arabic, or West Sudanic Arabic (WSA), is a variety of Arabic and the first language of 1.6 million people, both town dwellers and nomadic cattle herders. Most of its speakers live in central and southern Chad. Its range is an east-to-west oval in the Sahel. Nearly all of this territory is within Chad and Sudan. It is also spoken elsewhere in the vicinity of Lake Chad in the countries of Cameroon, Nigeria and Niger. Finally, it is spoken in slivers of the Central African Republic. In addition, this language serves as a lingua franca in much of the region. In most of its range, it is one of several local languages and often not among the major ones.
The Aru languages are a group of a dozen Austronesian languages spoken on the Aru Islands in Indonesia. None are spoken by more than ten thousand people. Although geographically close to Central Maluku languages, they are not part of that group linguistically.
The Poya were a subgroup of indigenous Tehuelche people living in the Andes of Llanquihue and Palena Province as well as on the southern shores of Nahuel Huapi Lake in present-day Argentina. The Jesuit priest Nicolás Mascardi divided the Poya language into two linguistically distinct groups: the one spoken by the "comarcanos" of Nahuelhuapi and another one spoken further east as far away as the Atlantic Ocean.
Palewyami, also known as Altinin and Poso Creek Yokuts, is an extinct Yokuts language of California.
Gamkonora is a North Halmahera language used in West Halmahera. It is spoken in the region around Mount Gamkonora, where its speakers are mostly concentrated.
Yalahatan is an Austronesian language spoken on Seram Island (Indonesia) in Yalahatan and Haruru villages, and hamlet of Awaiya in Tananahu village.
Parsi has been used as a name for several languages of South Asia and Iran, some of them spurious:
Congo Swahili, formerly sometimes known as Zaïre Swahili, are the varieties of the Swahili language spoken in the Democratic Republic of The Congo.
The Niwer Mil language is spoken by 9,033 people on Boang Island, Malendok Island, Lif Island and Tefa Island in the Tanga Islands, Namatanai District of New Ireland Province in Papua New Guinea. It was split from the Tangga language in 2013. It is one of the languages that form the St George linkage group of Meso-Melanesian languages.
The Burun languages are a branch of the Nilotic languages. They include:
Turku Arabic or simply just Turku is an extinct variant of Bimbashi Arabic that served as a lingua franca in Chad. It's the ancestor to Bongor Arabic and potentially other Arabic pidgins spoken in Chad today, but since they have not been described, it is unclear whether they are direct descendants of Turku.
Glottolog is an open-access online bibliographic database of the world's languages. In addition to listing linguistic materials describing individual languages, the database also contains the most up-to-date language affiliations based on the work of expert linguists.
Sud Oranais – Gourara is a Glottolog classification that includes:
Malacca–Batavia Portuguese Creole is a Glottolog classification that includes:
Malabar – Sri Lanka Portuguese is a Glottolog classification that includes:
Koro–Olrat is a Glottolog classification that includes the following two languages of Gaua Island, Vanuatu:
Jordanian Bengali Pidgin Arabic is an Arabic pidgin spoken in Jordan. The pidgin was formed from contact between the Jordanian Arabic and Bengali languages. UNESCO classifies it as "endangered/unsafe".
Bongor Arabic is a Sudanese Arabic-based creole language that serves as a lingua franca in and around the town of Bongor, Chad. It is a direct descendant of Turku Arabic, a former lingua franca of Chad.
References
- 1 2 Tosco & Manfredi (2013).
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Pidgin Gulf Arabic". Glottolog 3.0 . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Bakir, Murtadha (2010). "Notes on the verbal system of Gulf Pidgin Arabic": 201–228. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Jordanian Bengali Pidgin Arabic". Glottolog 3.0 . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Pidgin Madam". Glottolog 3.0 . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Fida Bizri, 2005. Le Pidgin Madam: Un nouveau pidgin arabe, La Linguistique 41, p. 54–66
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Romanian Pidgin Arabic". Glottolog 3.0 . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Avram, Andrei (2010-01-01). "An Outline of Romanian Pidgin Arabic". Journal of Language Contact. 3 (1): 20–38. doi: 10.1163/000000010792317884 . ISSN 1877-4091.
