Arabic-based pidgins and creoles

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There have been a number of Arabic-based pidgins and creoles throughout history, including a number of new ones emerging today. These may be broadly divided into pidgins and creoles, which share a common ancestry, and incipient immigrant pidgins. Additionally, Maridi Arabic may have been an 11th-century pidgin.

Contents

Arabic creoles and pidgins

The Arabic creoles and pidgins are:

Immigrant pidgins in the Arabian Peninsula

In the modern era, pidgin Arabic is most notably used by the large number of migrants to Arab countries. Examples include:

Due to the nature of pidgins, this list is likely incomplete. New pidgins may continue to develop and emerge due to language contact in the Arab world.

Para-Arabic

Para-Arabic, also known as Pseudo-Arabic, is a descendant of the Arabic language that is no longer fully classified as Arabic. This is a mixed language that undergoes a process of code mixing or code switching where Arabic vocabulary and grammar or lexicon are mixed with other languages.

Nubi language can also be considered a Para-Arabic language because its vocabulary is not entirely derived from Arabic but has absorbed a lot of Bantu languages. But it is excluded, because its lexicon is 90% derived from Arabic. [14]

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 Tosco & Manfredi (2013).
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Pidgin Gulf Arabic". Glottolog 3.0 . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ Bakir, Murtadha (2010). "Notes on the verbal system of Gulf Pidgin Arabic". JBE Platform: 201–228. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  4. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Jordanian Bengali Pidgin Arabic". Glottolog 3.0 . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  5. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Pidgin Madam". Glottolog 3.0 . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  6. ↑ Fida Bizri, 2005. Le Pidgin Madam: Un nouveau pidgin arabe, La Linguistique 41, p. 54–66
  7. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Romanian Pidgin Arabic". Glottolog 3.0 . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  8. ↑ Avram, Andrei (2010-01-01). "An Outline of Romanian Pidgin Arabic". Journal of Language Contact. 3 (1): 20–38. doi: 10.1163/000000010792317884 . ISSN   1877-4091.
  9. ↑ Azzuhri, Muhandis (2016). "Kontribusi Konvensi Bahasa Arab - Jawa Terhadap Harmonisasi Sosial". Edukasia: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam (in Indonesian). 11 (1). Kudus, Indonesia: Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kudus. doi: 10.21043/edukasia.v11i1.807 .
  10. ↑ Kinasih, Dian (2013). "Interaksi Masyarakat Keturunan Arab Dengan Masyarakat Setempat di Pekalongan". International Journal of Indonesian Society and Culture (in Indonesian). 5 (1). Kudus, Indonesia: MA NU Banat Kudus. doi: 10.15294/komunitas.v5i1.2372 .
  11. ↑ Diar, Khairina (2015). "Hubungan Bahasa Melayu dengan Bahasa Betawi di Wilayah Condet". Program Studi Indonesia, Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya (in Indonesian). Jakarta, Indonesia: University of Indonesia.
  12. ↑ Husin; Andini, Rizka (2021). "Analisis Makna dan Tatanan Gramatikal Bahasa Arab Pada Masyarakat Condet". Konferensi Linguistik Tahunan Atma Jaya (in Indonesian). Jakarta, Indonesia: Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia. ISSN   2828-5034.
  13. ↑ Rifai, Ahmad (2016). "Tsanā'iyyah al-lughah fī mujtama' condet ('arab-betawi) dirāsah 'ilm al-lughah al-ijtimā'i". Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora (in Arabic). Jakarta, Indonesia: UIN Syarif Hidayatullah.
  14. ↑ Ineke Wellens. The Nubi Language of Uganda: An Arabic Creole in Africa. BRILL, 2005 ISBN   90-04-14518-4

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