BEML

Last updated

BEML Limited
Company type Public
NSE:  BEML
BSE:  500048
Industry Heavy equipment
Defence
Railway vehicles
FoundedMay 1964 (May 1964)
Headquarters
BEML Soudha,
No 23/1, IV Main, Sampangiramanagar,
Bangalore, Karnataka
,
India
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Shantanu Roy (Chairman & MD) [1]
Products Earthmoving equipment
Underground mining equipment
Railway equipment
High power diesel engines
Heavy duty hydraulic aggregates
RevenueDecrease2.svg₹3,077.37 crore (US$360 million) (2020) [2]
Increase2.svg₹153.20 crore (US$18 million) (2020) [2]
Increase2.svg₹68.38 crore (US$8.0 million) (2020) [2]
Total assets Increase2.svg₹5,066.71 crore (US$590 million) (2020) [2]
Total equity Increase2.svg₹2,257.15 crore (US$260 million) (2020) [2]
Owner Government of India (54.03%) [3]
Number of employees
6,973 (FY 2024-25)
Subsidiaries MAMC Industries
BEML Skybus [4]
Website www.bemlindia.in

BEML Limited, formerly Bharat Earth Movers Limited, is an Indian public sector undertaking which manufactures a variety of heavy equipment, such as that used for earth moving, railways, transport and mining. It is headquartered in Bangalore. BEML is Asia's second-largest manufacturer of earth moving equipment. [5] Its stock trades on the National Stock Exchange of India under the symbol "BEML", and on the Bombay Stock Exchange under the code "500048". [6]

Contents

History

Bharat Earth Movers Limited was incorporated on 11 May 1964 with the help of the Soviet Union. [7] BEML was wholly owned by the government and operated by India's Ministry of Defence until 1992, when the government divested 25% of its holdings in the company. The company went for Follow-on Public offer (FPO) in July 2007 and fixed the price band for its FPO between ₹1,020 and ₹1,090. [8] On 5 October, the company changed its name to BEML Ltd. [9] In December 2019, the Government of India had given 'in-principle' approval for strategic disinvestment of BEML Ltd to the extent of 26% out of the Government shareholding of 54.03% with transfer of management control to strategic buyer. [10]

Manufacturing facilities

BEML has manufacturing plants in Kolar Gold Fields, Bangalore, Mysore and Palakkad. It has numerous regional offices throughout the country. KGF unit is the main unit accounting for the manufacture and assembly of a wide array of earth-moving equipment such as bulldozers and excavators. Railcoaches are made in the Bengaluru complex, and the Mysore facility makes dump trucks and engines of various capacity. On 10 August 2020, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurated the industrial design centre (IDC) at BEML Bengaluru, aiming to integrate research and development with manufacturing. [11]

Residency

BEML Layout located in Brookefield, was the company township for its employees.

Products

BEML manufactures a wide range of products to meet the needs of mining, construction, power, irrigation, fertiliser, cement, steel and rail sectors. The earthmoving equipment includes bulldozers, dump trucks, hydraulic excavators, wheel loaders, rope shovels, walking draglines, motor graders and scrapers.

BEML has recently introduced road headers and slide discharge Loaders for underground mining applications. Railway products include integral railcoaches, electric multiple units, rail buses, track-laying equipment and overhead equipment inspection Cars. BEML manufactures heavy-duty trucks and trailers and hydraulic aggregates for the transportation sector.

The company also manufactures high power diesel engines and heavy duty hydraulic aggregates to meet specific customer requirements. The company plans to diversify into varied activities including underground mining equipment, underground storage for petro-products, leasing and financial services and joint ventures abroad.[ citation needed ]

Mining and Construction equipment

BEML is India's leading mining and construction equipment manufacturer and Asia's second largest equipment company, BEML offers diverse range of mining machinery for both opencast and underground mining.

BEML manufactures machines such as Hydraulic Excavators, Bulldozers, Wheel loaders, Dump Trucks, Motor Grades, Pipe Layers, Tyre handler, Backhoe Loaders, Electric Shovels, Load Haul Dumpers etc.

Defense & Aerospace

DRDO Sarvatra Bridge System produced by BEML 15 Metre Sarvatra Bridging System passes through the Rajpath during the full dress rehearsal for the Republic Day Parade-2013, in New Delhi on January 23, 2013.jpg
DRDO Sarvatra Bridge System produced by BEML

BEML plays a key role in the country's Integrated Guided Missile Development Project by supplying ground support vehicles. A new Aerospace division was launched during Aero India 2009.The division manufactures Ground support equipment such as Aircraft Towing Tractor, Aircraft Weapon Loading Trolley, Multi-purpose Weapon Loaders and Crash Fire Tender.

DATRAN 1500

As reported in 2010, an indigenous engine, capable of providing a power output of 1,500 hp (1,100 kW) was to be developed for DRDO's Future Main Battle Tank (FMBT) programme. A national team had been formed including members from the academia, the user, industry and the DRDO. The first prototype would be ready by 4-5 yrs. Another project to develop the automatic transmission system for the tank was being launched. The indigenous engine along with the transmission will be collectively form the Bharat Power Pack which will meet the FMBT's mobility requirements. [12] [13]

As of 2012, DRDO had launched a “mission mode” project to develop the engine. The development project includes companies like Kirloskar Oil Engines, BEML, and the Mahindra & Mahindra; research institutions like Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs); and bodies like the Automotive Research Association of India, Pune. An Indian “prime contractor” would assemble the engines from sub-components delivered by a network of sub-contractors. As reported, the DRDO had been trying to bring in international consultants for assistance in designing the engine. By then, German companies MTU and Renk had refused to provide consultancy and, as of then, consultancy proposals from Ricardo of Britain and AVL of Austria was being evaluated. DRDO had also issued an Expression of Interest (EoI) to select an Indian partner to manufacture the engine. The selected consultant will work in a consortium including DRDO, the Army (user) and the Indian manufacturing partner. As per the 2012 timeline, the programme includes 12 months for designing, additional 18 months for prototype development – a total of 30-36 months to begin testing of the prototype. [14]

As of February 2024, reports suggest the German-origin engine of Arjun Mk1A variant will be replaced by the DATRAN 1500 engine which is being developed by DRDO and currently under testing phase. This is because of the sudden closure of MTU Friedrichshafen's supply chain which is expected to take four years more to restart. [15] [16] [17]

The DATRAN 1500 engine had its first testing in 2023. On 20 March 2024, the prototype engine was again successfully tested at BEML's Engine Division Mysuru facility. The engine has electronic control, self-cleaning air filter, CRDi fuel injection system, and electronic warning control. In addition, the engine has a high power-to-weight ratio and can run in a variety of harsh environments, such as 5,000 meters or more above sea level, in sub-zero temperature of -40 °C, and up to +55 °C in a hot desert environment. Twenty such engines, with an emphasis on technology stabilization, will be produced in 2024 and put through additional testing to evaluate their performance, robustness, and dependability. The project is expected to be completed by the middle of 2025. [18] [19] [20]

A total of 20 DATRAN prototypes are to be delivered by BEML. After initial trials, the performance of the engine is to be tested onboard a modified Arjun MBT prototype which would be heavier than the in-service main battle tanks of the Army or the MBTs the engine would power (Arjun variants, FMBT and FRCV). The engine could also be integrated on T-90MkIII (advanced Indian variant) from 2027-28 [21] .

Railways/Metro rolling stock

BEML ATO rolling stock for Kolkata Metro Line 2 East West Metro Kolkata rake.jpg
BEML ATO rolling stock for Kolkata Metro Line 2
BEML SSEMU BEML SSEMU Photo 2.jpg
BEML SSEMU
BEML rolling stock for Mumbai Metro Yellow Line Mumbai Metro at Gundavali Station.jpg
BEML rolling stock for Mumbai Metro Yellow Line

BEML Limited's Rail Coach Factory situated in Bangalore, India is the first all steel integrated rail coach factory established by Government of India during 1948. This factory was established to indigenously manufacture the passenger rail coach for Indian Railways. [23]

BEML manufactures rolling stock for Indian Railways as well as for metros since 1980's. [24] BEML has supplied more than 200 coaches to DMRC and has an order of 150 coaches from Bengaluru Metro. BEML has independently supplied about 140 cars to DMRC using transfer of technology from Hyundai ROTEM. Jaipur Metro has also ordered to manufacture, supply, test and commission 10 train sets of four cars each, totaling 40 cars to the Jaipur Metro Project.

BEML Limited has bagged a contract from the Railway Board for design, manufacturing, supply, testing and commissioning of rakes of some stainless steel AC Electrical Multiple Unit (SSEMU) coaches worth Rs 31 crore. [25]

BEML has started supplying metro train sets to the East West corridor of Kolkata Metro (KMRCL). Present order in hands from KMRCL is for 14 train sets of six cars each.

BEML receives letter of acceptance (LoA) for design, manufacture and commissioning of 10 Trainsets (Sleeper) on Vande Bharat platform. The total value of order is Rs 675 crore. [26]

The Integral Coach Factory (ICF) awarded BEML a ₹866.87-crore contract to construct two high-speed train sets. They will be the first train sets produced in India with top speed of 280 kmph. They are expected to be delivered in 2026. Each coach will cost ₹27.86 crore. [27] [28] [29]

BEML is one of the leading manufacturers of rail and metro coaches. Metro systems using BEML rolling stock are:

Infrastructure

Electric dump truck MakeInIndia-BEML-205-Dumper.jpg
Electric dump truck

BEML operates in three major business verticals associated with equipment manufacturing:

In addition to the above, there are strategic business units (SBUs):

BEML has the following manufacturing units spread over four locations:

Management

Shri Shantanu Roy assumed charge as Chairman & Managing Director at BEML Ltd from 01.08. 2023. Prior to assuming his present position, Shri Shantanu Roy was Director (Mining and Construction Business) after the superannuation of Shri M V Rajasekhar the predecessor CMD of BEML Ltd since 1 Feb 2021. [30]

Competitors

The main competitor for BEML is in the private sector who has its own manufacturing units in India, thus participating in the 'Make in India' initiative.The major source of income of BEML comes from Mining equipment.

Defense Vehicles

Arjun ARRV Armored vehicle manufactured by collaboration of BEML and CVRDE Arjun ARRV.jpg
Arjun ARRV Armored vehicle manufactured by collaboration of BEML and CVRDE

BEML manufactures DRDO designed HMV, Arjun ARRV, Mobile Standby Command Post Vehicle(MSCPV)

Trailers

BEML BD50 bulldozer loaded on a BEML 20T trailer displayed at defense expo 2020 in Lucknow. Defence Expo 2020-11.jpg
BEML BD50 bulldozer loaded on a BEML 20T trailer displayed at defense expo 2020 in Lucknow.

20 Ton capacity 8 wheeled lowboy trailer developed for transportation of construction equipments on rough train. Can be coupled with tractor via 4 wheeled dolly. [31]

50 Ton capacity 24 wheeled lowboy trailers developed for transportation of mid-weight tanks on rough train. Can be coupled with tractor via 8 wheeled jeep dolly. [32]

70 Ton capacity 5 axle row hydraulic modular trailer developed for transportation of heavy tanks on rough train. Can be coupled with ballast tractor via drawbar coupling. [33]

Controversy

In 2014, BEML made headlines when former army chief VK Singh alleged he was offered a bribe of 14 crores to clear sub-standard trucks for the army. These trucks, known as Tatra trucks, are supplied to BEML via a London agent for assembly. The CBI was investigating allegations of the bribe, as well as the alleged violation of basic rules by BEML, where defense equipment must be purchased directly from the manufacturer without involving middlemen. [34]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arjun (tank)</span> Main battle tank

The Arjun is a third generation main battle tank developed by the Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment (CVRDE) of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), for the Indian Army. The tank is named after Arjuna, the archer prince who is the main protagonist of the Indian epic poem Mahabharata. Design work began in 1986 and was finished in 1996. The Arjun main battle tank entered service with the Indian Army in 2004. The 43rd Armoured Regiment, formed in 2009, was the first regiment to receive the Arjun.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited</span> Indian government-owned manufacturer

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is an Indian central public sector undertaking and the largest government-owned electrical/ industrial technology company. It is owned by the Government of India, with administrative control by the Ministry of Heavy Industries. Established in 1956 with the help of Soviet technology, BHEL is based in New Delhi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Namma Metro</span> Rapid transit system in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Namma Metro, also known as Bengaluru Metro, is a rapid transit system serving the city of Bengaluru, the capital city of the state of Karnataka, India. It is the second-longest operational metro network in India with an operational length of 76.95 kilometers, just behind Delhi Metro. Upon its inauguration in 2011, it became the first underground metro system in South India. Namma Metro has a mix of underground, at grade, and elevated stations. Out of the 68 operational metro stations of Namma Metro as of November 2024, there are 59 elevated stations, eight underground stations and one at-grade station. The system runs on standard-gauge tracks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Larsen & Toubro</span> Indian multinational conglomerate company

Larsen & Toubro Limited, abbreviated as L&T, is an Indian multinational conglomerate, with interests in industrial technology, heavy industry, engineering, construction, manufacturing, power, information technology, military and financial services. It is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Integral Coach Factory</span> Rolling stock production unit under Ministry of Railways (India)

Integral Coach Factory is an Indian manufacturer of rail coaches. Established in 1955, it is located in Perambur in Chennai and is the largest rail coach manufacturer in the world. It is owned and operated by the Indian Railways and is the oldest amongst the five rake production units of the Indian Railways. While the facility initially manufactured ICF coaches, it currently manufactures LHB coaches and electric multiple units including the semi-high speed Vande Bharat train-sets.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GTRE GTX-35VS Kaveri</span> Afterburning turbofan aircraft engine

The GTRE GTX-35VS Kaveri is an afterburning turbofan project under development by the Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE), a lab under the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in Bengaluru, India. An Indian design, the Kaveri was originally intended to power production models of the HAL Tejas Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. However, the Kaveri programme failed to satisfy the necessary technical requirements on time and was officially delinked from the Tejas programme in September 2008.

<i>Vijayanta</i> Main battle tank

The Vijayanta was a main battle tank built in India based on a licensed design of the Vickers Mk.1. The Vijayanta was the first indigenous tank of the Indian Army.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Green Line (Namma Metro)</span> Line of Bengalurus Namma Metro

Green Line of Namma Metro was built along with the Purple Line during the first phase of construction of the metro rail system for the city of Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The 30.5 km (19.0 mi) line connects Madavara in the northwest to Silk Institute in the south. The line connects the industrial centers of Peenya and Yeshwanthpur along Tumakuru Road in the north with the central hub of Majestic and the southern residential areas of Bangalore such as Basavanagudi, Jayanagar, Banashankari, Konanakunte Cross, Thalaghattapura along Kanakapura Road. Green Line is mostly elevated, with 26 elevated and 3 underground stations. The Line passes through Majestic station which is an interchange station between Green and Purple Lines.

The Indian Air Force has been undergoing a modernization program to replace and upgrade outdated equipment since the late 1990s to meet modern standards. For that reason, it has started procuring and developing aircraft, weapons, associated technologies, and infrastructures. Some of these programs date back to the late 1980s. The primary focus of current modernization and upgrades is to replace aircraft purchased from the Soviet Union that currently form the backbone of the air force.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HAL HTT-40</span> Indian military turboprop trainer

The HAL HTT-40 is an Indian training aircraft designed and built by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). It will replace the Indian Air Force's retired HPT-32 Deepak as a basic trainer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow Line (Namma Metro)</span> Line of Bengalurus Namma Metro

The Yellow Line of Namma Metro is a nearly-completed part of the metro rail network of Bengaluru, India. The 18.82 km (11.69 mi)-long line connects R.V. Road with Bommasandra, and is fully elevated with 16 stations. R.V. Road station is the terminal station within the city, with an interchange with the Green Line. Jayadeva Hospital station will serve as another elevated interchange station with the Pink Line, which is under construction. Upon its opening, Jayadeva Hospital station will emerge as the tallest and largest metro station in Bengaluru, with five levels of transport, including the metro lines. Central Silk Board station will be another interchange, between the Yellow and Blue Lines. The other end of the Yellow Line will terminate at Bommasandra.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vande Bharat (sleeper trainset)</span> Under development high-speed EMU trainset of India

The Vande Bharat sleeper trainset, formerly known as Train-20 is a semi-high-speed, long-distance electric multiple unit (EMU) train, designed to replace the Rajdhani Express. It is being developed based on the existing short-distance Vande Bharat trainset, differing in exterior body, sleeping berths, and onboard amenities due to its long-distance service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Titagarh Rail Systems</span> Indian rolling stock manufacturer

Titagarh Rail Systems Limited, is an Indian rolling stock manufacturer. Established in 1984 as a rolling stock foundry unit, the company's headquarters are situated in Kolkata, West Bengal. Titagarh is publicly traded on both the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vande Bharat Express</span> Series of Indian semi-high speed EMU train services

Vande Bharat Express is a medium to long-distance superfast express service operated by Indian Railways. It is a reserved, air-conditioned chair car service connecting cities that are less than 800 km (500 mi) apart or take less than ten hours to travel with existing services and a planned reserved, air-conditioned sleeper service connecting cities that are 800 km (500 mi) to 1,200 km (750 mi) apart. The train was a part of the 'Make in India' initiative by the government and entered commercial service on 15 February 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Armoured Vehicles Nigam</span> Indian military vehicle manufacturer

Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited (AVANI) is an Indian public sector defence company, headquartered in Avadi, Chennai established in 2021 as part of the restructuring and corporatisation of the Ordnance Factory Board into seven different Public Sector Undertakings. AVANI primarily manufactures Armoured fighting vehicles, Main battle tanks and their engines for the use of the Indian Armed Forces and foreign militaries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zorawar (tank)</span> Indian light tank

The Zorawar is a light tank developed for the Indian Army. The tank is designed and developed by the Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment (CVRDE) of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) with Larsen & Toubro (L&T) being the development and production partner.

A multiple-unit train or simply multiple unit (MU) is a self-propelled train composed of one or more carriages joined together, which when coupled to another multiple unit can be controlled by a single driver, with multiple-unit train control. Although multiple units consist of several carriages, single self-propelled carriages, such as railbuses and trams – are in fact multiple-units when two or more of them are working connected through multiple-unit train control.

The Future Ready Combat Vehicle (FRCV), also designated as Project Ranjeet, is a design and development programme to develop a next generation main battle tank to replace the T-72 fleet of the Indian Army. As of 2024, T-72 is the mainstay of the Indian Army Armoured Corps. Around 1,770 units shall be inducted in three phases.

The Future Main Battle Tank (FMBT) is a next-generation main battle tank being developed by the Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment (CVRDE) of the DRDO for the Indian Army. The FMBT design is expected to replace the older generation MBTs of the Indian Army Armoured Corps from 2030 onwards. The tank is a further development of the previous generation Arjun main battle tanks of the Army.

References

  1. ↑ "Defence, Mining & Construction and Rail Coach Factory in India".
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Balance Sheet 31.03.2020".
  3. ↑ "Defence PSU BEML on the block, govt to invite financial bids in Dec quarter - ET Government". ETGovernment.com. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  4. ↑ "BEML to make foray into sky-bus project - India Environment Portal | News, reports, documents, blogs, data, analysis on environment & development | India, South Asia". www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  5. ↑ "BEML: From earth moving to aerospace". The Hindu Business Line. 27 March 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
  6. ↑ "BEML Ltd Company in Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)". The Economic Times. 12 January 2019. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  7. ↑ https://iide.co/case-studies/marketing-strategy-of-beml/
  8. ↑ "BEML public offer subscribed around 9 times". The Economic Times . 3 July 2007. Retrieved 4 July 2007.
  9. ↑ "Bharat Earth Movers renamed BEML Ltd". The Hindustan Times . 5 October 2007. Retrieved 5 January 2025.
  10. ↑ "PSU Status of BEML" . Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  11. ↑ "Defence Minister Rajnath Singh launches BEML's industrial design centre". Business Standard. Press Trust of India. 10 August 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  12. ↑ Shukla, Ajai (10 August 2010). "DRDO to develop army's next-generation tank". Business Standard India. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  13. ↑ "1,500-horsepower FMBT to replace T-72 tanks beyond 2020". The Hindu. 4 November 2010. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  14. ↑ "Army dithers over futuristic tank, DRDO pursues engine". Business Standard. 2 January 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  15. ↑ Pubby, Manu (14 February 2024). "India to develop engine for new Arjun tanks". The Economic Times. ISSN   0013-0389 . Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  16. ↑ "India likely to use indigenous engines in Arjun tanks as German engines getting delayed by 4 years". ANI . 13 February 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  17. ↑ Dangwal, Ashish (19 February 2024). "Germany 'Derails' Arjun Mk-1A Tank Project By 'Delaying' Engines; Indian Military Experts Decode MTU Move". The EurAsian Times. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  18. ↑ "Indigenously developed 1500 HP prototype engine for future main battle tanks test fired". The Hindu. 20 March 2024. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  19. ↑ Pubby, Manu (14 February 2024). "India to develop engine for new Arjun tanks". The Economic Times. ISSN   0013-0389 . Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  20. ↑ "Transformative moment: BEML successfully test fires indigenous 1500 HP engine for military tanks". The Economic Times. 20 March 2024. ISSN   0013-0389 . Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  21. ↑ "Overcoming engine woes: India's tank engine sees progress". orfonline.org. Retrieved 10 January 2025.
  22. ↑ "BEML Flags Off Final Kolkata Metro Line-2 Train-set". 17 June 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  23. ↑ "RAIL & METRO – BEML India".
  24. ↑ "MMRDA awards Rs 3,015 cr contract to BEML for rolling stock on". Business Line . 24 November 2018.
  25. ↑ "BEML bags Railway Board order worth Rs 31 crore". www.business-standard.com. 8 September 2008. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  26. ↑ "BEML Receives LoA Worth Rs 675 Cr For Vande Bharat Trainsets". www.businessworld.in. 15 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  27. ↑ Porecha, Maitri (15 October 2024). "BEML awarded contract worth ₹866.87 crore to build indigenous high-speed trains". The Hindu. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 11 January 2025.
  28. ↑ Pall, Samreen (16 October 2024). "BEML Bags Rs 866.87 Crore Contract for India's First Homegrown High-Speed Trains". News18. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
  29. ↑ Service, Express News (16 October 2024). "BEML bags Rs 866.87 crore contract for two bullet train sets". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
  30. ↑ d. s, Madhumathi (31 December 2015). "D.K.Hota is next BEML chief". The Hindu.
  31. ↑ "BEML 20T trailer" (PDF). Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  32. ↑ "BEML 50T trailer" (PDF). Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  33. ↑ "BEML 70T trailer" (PDF). Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  34. ↑ "BEML head slammed by govt for threatening to sue ex army chief". NDTV.com.

12°58′17″N77°39′34″E / 12.971403°N 77.659518°E / 12.971403; 77.659518

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.