Smoke from burning Kuwait oil fields after Saddam Hussein set fire to during Gulf war
The Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC), an integrated international oil company, is the parent company of the government's operations in the petroleum sector, and includes Kuwait Oil Company, which produced oil and gas; Kuwait National Petroleum Co., refining and domestic sales; Petrochemical Industries Co., producing ammonia and urea; Kuwait Foreign Petroleum Exploration Co., with several concessions in developing countries; Kuwait Oil Tanker Co.; and Santa Fe International Corp. The latter, purchased outright in 1982, gives KPC a worldwide presence in the petroleum industry.
KPC also has purchased from Gulf Oil Co. refineries and associated service stations in the Benelux nations and Scandinavia, as well as storage facilities and a network of service stations in Italy. In 1987, KPC bought a 19% share in British Petroleum, which was later reduced to 10%. KPC markets its products in Europe under the brand Q8 and is interested in the markets of the United States and Japan.
Kuwait has about 94 billion barrels (14.9km3) of recoverable oil reserves. Estimated capacity, before the war, was about 2.4 million barrels per day (380×10^3m3/d). During the Iraqi occupation, Kuwait's oil-producing capacity was reduced to practically nothing. However, tremendous recovery and improvements have been made since. Oil production was 1.5 million barrels per day (240×10^3m3/d) by the end of 1992, and pre-war capacity was restored in 1993. Kuwait's production capacity is estimated to be 2.5 million barrels per day (400×10^3m3/d). Kuwait plans to increase its capacity to 3.5 million barrels per day (560×10^3m3/d) by 2005..
As part of Kuwait Vision 2035, Kuwait aims to position itself as a global hub for the petrochemical industry.[20][21]Al Zour Refinery is the largest refinery in the Middle East.[22][23][24][25][20] Al Zour Refinery is a Kuwait-China cooperation project under the Belt and Road Initiative.[26]
Renewable energy
As part of Kuwait Vision 2035, Kuwait inaugurated its largest renewable energy park, Shagaya Renewable Energy Park, which includes concentrated solar power, solar photovoltaic, and wind power plants.[27][28][29][30] The park consists of four phases with a target capacity of 4,000 MW.[31][28][32] It is set to be one of the largest renewable energy parks in the world.
Steel manufacturing
Steel manufacturing is Kuwait's second biggest industry.[33] United Steel Industrial Company (KWT Steel) is Kuwait's main steel manufacturing company, the company caters to all of Kuwait's domestic market demands (particularly construction).[34][35][36][37] Kuwait is self-sufficient in steel.[34][35][36][37]
Agriculture
In 2016, Kuwait's food self-sufficiency ratio was 49.5% in vegetables, 38.7% in meat, 12.4% in diary, 24.9% in fruits, and 0.4% in cereals.[38] 8.5% of Kuwait's entire territory consists of agricultural land, while arable land covers 0.6% of Kuwait's entire territory.[39][40] Historically, Jahra was a predominantly agricultural area. There are currently various farms in Jahra.[41]
In 2017, agriculture (including fisheries) accounted for almost 0.4 percent of the gross domestic product.[5] Around 4 percent of the economically active population works in agriculture, almost all foreigners.[42] The majority of farm owners are investors.[43] The total agricultural land covered 1,521km2 in 2014.[43]
The agriculture industry is hampered by the limited water and arable land. The government has experimented in growing food through hydroponics and carefully managed farms. However, most of the soil which was suitable for farming in south central Kuwait was destroyed when Iraqi troops set fire to oil wells in the area and created vast "oil lakes". Fish and shrimp are plentiful in territorial waters, and largescale commercial fishing has been undertaken locally and in the Indian Ocean.
Finance
Kuwait has a leading position in the financial industry in the GCC.[44] The Emir has promoted the idea that Kuwait should focus its energies, in terms of economic development, on the financial industry.[44]
The historical preeminence of Kuwait (among the Gulf monarchies) in finance dates back to the founding of the National Bank of Kuwait in 1952.[44] The bank was the first local publicly traded corporation in the Gulf.[44] In the late 1970s and early 1980s, an alternative stock market, trading in shares of Gulf companies, emerged in Kuwait, the Souk Al-Manakh.[44] At its peak, its market capitalization was the third highest in the world, behind only the U.S. and Japan, and ahead of the UK and France.[44]
Kuwait has a large wealth-management industry.[44] Kuwaiti investment companies administer more assets than those of any other GCC country, save the much larger Saudi Arabia.[44] The Kuwait Financial Centre, in a rough calculation, estimated that Kuwaiti firms accounted for over one-third of the total assets under management in the GCC.[44]
The relative strength of Kuwait in the financial industry extends to its stock market.[44] For many years, the total valuation of all companies listed on the Kuwaiti exchange far exceeded the value of those on any other GCC bourse, except Saudi Arabia.[44] In 2011, financial and banking companies made up more than half of the market capitalization of the Kuwaiti bourse; among all the Gulf states, the market capitalization of Kuwaiti financial-sector firms was, in total, behind only that of Saudi Arabia.[44] In recent years, Kuwaiti investment companies have invested large percentages of their assets abroad, and their foreign assets have become substantially larger than their domestic assets.[44]
Kuwait is a major source of foreign economic assistance to other states through the Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development, an autonomous state institution created in 1961 on the pattern of Western and international development agencies. Over the years aid was annually provided to Egypt, Syria, and Jordan, as well as the Palestine Liberation Organization. In 1974, the fund's lending mandate was expanded to include all developing countries in the world.
The Kuwait Investment Authority (KIA) is Kuwait's sovereign wealth fund specializing in foreign investment. The KIA is the world's oldest sovereign wealth fund. Since 1953, the Kuwaiti government has directed investments into Europe, United States and Asia Pacific. In 2021, the holdings were valued at around $700 billion in assets.[45] It was the 3rd largest sovereign wealth fund in the world.[45][46]
The KIA manages two funds: the General Reserve Fund (GRF) and Future Generations Fund (FGF).[47] The GRF is the main treasurer for the government.[47] It receives all state revenues and all national expenditures are paid out of this fund.[47] The KIA does not disclose its financial assets in public, but it is estimated that the KIA has $410 billion in assets as of February 2014.
The KIA was the main source of capital for the Kuwaiti government during the Gulf War. The Kuwaiti government relied on the KIA to pay for coalition expenses and postwar reconstruction.[48] The KIA was worth $100 billion prior to 1990, KIA funds were depleted to $40–$50 billion after the Gulf War.
In July 2023, Kuwait plans to create a new sovereign fund, Ciyada, in partnership with the Kuwait Investment Authority (KIA). While the value of the fund has not been specified, the KIA, which currently manages over $800 billion in assets, will play a significant role in studying and implementing the proposed fund. The aim is to develop the local economy, attract foreign investment, and finance major projects to promote economic diversification in Kuwait.[49]
Future Generations Fund
The Future Generations Fund (FGF) was created in 1976 by transferring 50% from the general reserve fund at that time. The FGF is a saving funds for future generations. 25% of all state revenues are annually transferred to the fund.[50]
All of the FGF is invested abroad, with an estimated 75% invested in the US and Europe and the rest in emerging markets, mainly China and India.
Kuwait has a state-funded healthcare system, which provides treatment without charge to Kuwaiti nationals. There are outpatient clinics in every residential area in Kuwait. A public insurance scheme exists to provide reduced cost healthcare to expatriates. Private healthcare providers also run medical facilities in the country, available to members of their insurance schemes. As part of Kuwait Vision 2035, many new hospitals have opened.[51][52][53] In the years leading up to the COVID-19 pandemic, Kuwait invested in its health care system at a rate that was proportionally higher than most other GCC countries.[54] As a result, the public hospital sector significantly increased its capacity.[53][51][52] Kuwait currently has 20 public hospitals.[55][52] The new Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Hospital is considered the largest hospital in the Middle East.[56] Kuwait also has 16 private hospitals.[51]
Entrepreneurship
In the past five years, there has been a significant rise in entrepreneurship and small business creation in Kuwait.[57][58] The informal sector is also on the rise,[59] mainly due to the popularity of Instagram businesses.[60][61][62] In 2020, Kuwait ranked fourth in the MENA region in startup funding after the UAE, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.[63]
Many Kuwaiti entrepreneurs use the Instagram-based business model.[64]
Tourism
The Palms Beach Hotel & Spa in Kuwait
In 2020, Kuwait's domestic travel and tourism spending reached $6.1 billion (up from $1.6 billion in 2019) with family tourism a rapidly growing segment.[65] The WTTC named Kuwait as one of the world's fastest-growing countries in travel and tourism GDP in 2019, with 11.6% year-on-year growth.[65] In 2016, the tourism industry generated nearly $500million in revenue.[66] In 2015, tourism accounted for 1.5 percent of the GDP.[67][68]
In 2023, there was a rise in the spending of Kuwaiti citizens on tourism and travel, recorded to be 4.39 billion dinars, marking an increase of 9.2% from the 4 billion dinars recorded in 2022. The surge in tourism expenditures is largely attributable to the introduction of new travel destinations, expanded offerings from airlines catering to family travel, and an increase in interest in events like the Riyadh Season and other festivities. The first quarter of 2023 saw the highest spending (1.36 billion dinars), followed by the second (1.01 billion dinars), third (1.15 billion dinars), and the fourth (870 million dinars), making it the year with the highest spending on travel by Kuwaiti citizens since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, spending by foreign tourists in Kuwait increased by approximately 60%, reaching 533.3 million dinars by the end of 2023, up from 332.6 million dinars in 2022.[69]
According to the United States Patent and Trademark Office, Kuwait registered 448 patents as of 31 December 2015,[80][81][82][83] In the early to mid 2010s, Kuwait registered the largest number of scientific publications and patents per capita regionally.[84][85][86][87][88] The Kuwaiti government has implemented various programs to foster innovation resulting in patent rights.[84][88] The WIPO Global Innovation Index found that Kuwait ranks 71st over 139 (for its innovation efficiency ratio (which shows how much innovation output a country is getting for its inputs).[89][90]
Kuwait was the first country in the region to implement 5G technology.[91] Kuwait is among the world's leading countries in 5G penetration.[91][92] The Chinese company Huawei has a $1.7 billion investment license in Kuwait to develop the country's ICT sector in line with the Kuwait Vision 2035 strategy.[93]
Kuwait's Orbital Space in collaboration with the Space Challenges Program[95] and EnduroSat[96] introduced an international initiative called "Code in Space". The initiative allows students from around the world to send and execute their own code in space.[97] The code is transmitted from a satellite ground station to a cubesat (nanosatellite) orbiting Earth 500km (310mi) above sea level. The code is then executed by the satellite's onboard computer and tested under real space environment conditions. The nanosatellite is called "QMR-KWT" (Arabic: قمر الكويت) which means "Moon of Kuwait", translated from Arabic.[98]
QMR-KWT launched to space on 30 June 2021[99] on SpaceXFalcon 9 Block 5 rocket and was part of the payload of a satellite carrier called ION SCV Dauntless David by D-Orbit.[100] It was deployed into its final orbit (Sun-synchronous orbit) on 16 July 2021.[101] QMR-KWT is Kuwait's first satellite.[99][102][98]
Um Alaish 4
Seven years after the launch of the world's first communications satellite, Telstar 1, Kuwait in October 1969 inaugurated the first satellite ground station in the Middle East, "Um Alaish".[103] The Um Alaish satellite station complex housed several satellite ground stations including Um Alaish 1 (1969), Um Alaish 2 (1977), and Um Alaish 3 (1981). It provided satellite communication services in Kuwait until 1990 when it was destroyed by the Iraqi armed forces during the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.[104] In 2019, Kuwait's Orbital Space established an amateur satellite ground station to provide free access to signals from satellites in orbit passing over Kuwait. The station was named Um Alaish 4 to continue the legacy of "Um Alaish" satellite station.[105] Um Alaish 4 is member of FUNcube distributed ground station network[106] and the Satellite Networked Open Ground Station project (SatNOGS).[107]
The Kuwait Space Rocket (KSR) is a Kuwaiti project to build and launch the first suborbitalliquid bi-propellant rocket in Arabia.[108] The project is divided into two phases with two separate vehicles: an initial testing phase with KSR-1 as a test vehicle capable of reaching an altitude of 8km (5.0mi) and a more expansive suborbital test phase with the KSR-2 planned to fly to an altitude of 100km (62mi).[109]
TSCK experiment in space
Kuwait's Orbital Space in collaboration with the Kuwait Scientific Center (TSCK) introduced for the first time in Kuwait the opportunity for students to send a science experiment to space. The objectives of this initiative was to allow students to learn about (a) how science space missions are done; (b) microgravity (weightlessness) environment; (c) how to do science like a real scientist. This opportunity was made possible through Orbital Space agreement with DreamUp PBC and Nanoracks LLC, which are collaborating with NASA under a Space Act Agreement.[110] The students' experiment was named "Kuwait’s Experiment: E.coli Consuming Carbon Dioxide to Combat Climate Change".[111] The experiment was launched on SpaceX CRS-21 (SpX-21) spaceflight to the International Space Station (ISS) on 6 December 2020. Astronauts Shannon Walker (member of the ISS Expedition 64) conducted the experiment on behalf of the students.
National satellite project
In July 2021, Kuwait University announced that it is launching a national satellite project as part of state-led efforts to pioneer the country's sustainable space sector.[112][113]
Kuwait has a modern network of highways. Roadways extended 5,749km (3,572mi), of which 4,887km (3,037mi) is paved. There are more than 2 million passenger cars, and 500,000 commercial taxis, buses, and trucks in use. On major highways the maximum speed is 120km/h (75mph). Since there is no railway system in the country, most people travel by automobiles.
The country's public transportation network consists almost entirely of bus routes. The state owned Kuwait Public Transportation Company was established in 1962. It runs local bus routes across Kuwait as well as longer distance services to other Gulf states.[114] The main private bus company is CityBus, which operates about 20 routes across the country. Another private bus company, Kuwait Gulf Link Public Transport Services, was started in 2006. It runs local bus routes across Kuwait and longer distance services to neighbouring Arab countries.[115]
There are two airports in Kuwait. Kuwait International Airport serves as the principal hub for international air travel. State-owned Kuwait Airways is the largest airline in the country. A portion of the airport complex is designated as Al Mubarak Air Base, which contains the headquarters of the Kuwait Air Force, as well as the Kuwait Air Force Museum. In 2004, the first private airline of Kuwait, Jazeera Airways, was launched.[116] In 2005, the second private airline, Wataniya Airways was founded.
Kuwait has one of the largest shipping industries in the region. The Kuwait Ports Public Authority manages and operates ports across Kuwait. The country's principal commercial seaports are Shuwaikh and Shuaiba which handled combined cargo of 753,334 TEU in 2006.[117] Mina Al-Ahmadi, the largest port in the country, handles most of Kuwait's oil exports.[118]Mubarak Al Kabeer Port in Bubiyan Island is currently under construction. The port is expected to handle 2 million TEU when operations start.
Macro-economic
The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980–2017.[119]
Year
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
GDP in $ (PPP)
45.32 Bln.
45.49 Bln.
52.04 Bln.
94.48 Bln..
112.87 Bln.
187.25 Bln.
207.52 Bln.
225.81 Bln.
235.95 Bln.
220.92 Bln.
218.31 Bln.
247.18 Bln.
271.51 Bln.
276.91 Bln.
283.63 Bln.
283.83 Bln.
293.76 Bln.
291.48 Bln.
GDP per capita in $ (PPP)
33,082
26,759
24,435
48,207
50,908
62,601
65,197
66,422
68,553
63,392
60,947
66,853
71,326
71,150
70,217
66,956
68,540
66,163
GDP growth (real)
−20.4%
−4.3%
−26.6%
1.7%
4.7%
10.1%
7.5%
6.0%
2.5%
−7.1%
−2.4%
10.9%
7.9%
0.4%
0.6%
−1.0%
2.2%
−2.5%
Inflation (in Percent)
6.9%
1.5%
15.8%
2.5%
1.6%
4.1%
3.1%
5.5%
6.3%
4.6%
4.5%
4.9%
3.2%
2.7%
3.2%
3.7%
3.5%
1.5%
Government debt (Percentage of GDP)
...
...
...
78%
35%
12%
8%
7%
5%
7%
6%
5%
4%
3%
3%
5%
10%
21%
In 2019, Kuwait's main export products were mineral fuels including oil (89.1% of total exports), aircraft and spacecraft (4.3%), organic chemicals (3.2%), plastics (1.2%), iron and steel (0.2%), gems and precious metals (0.1%), machinery including computers (0.1%), aluminum (0.1%), copper (0.1%), and salt, sulphur, stone and cement (0.1%).[120] Kuwait was the world's biggest exporter of sulfonated, nitrated and nitrosated hydrocarbons in 2019.[121] Kuwait was ranked 63rd out of 157 countries in the 2019 Economic Complexity Index (ECI).[121]Iraq was Kuwait's leading export market in 2019 and food/agricultural products accounted for 94.2% of total export commodities.[122]
According to data from the Civil Service Commission (CSC), the level of joblessness amongst the Kuwaiti population continues to rise annually as of 2024.[123] This is predominately due to a surplus of graduates in fields that lack demand within the workforce, as well as a discrepancy between labor market requirements and the skills obtained through certain specializations. Additional issues contributing to the unemployment rate include a lack of emphasis on the private sector and insufficient coordination among related authorities. Until substantial changes are made regarding the quality of educational outputs, the number of graduates in less required fields is likely to keep rising, further exacerbating unemployment issues.[123] Statistics from the Central Statistics Bureau as of November 19, 2023 indicate that there are 8,727 unemployed Kuwaitis, including 4,177 males (approximately 48 percent) and 4,550 females (approximately 52 percent).[123]
According to recent statistics released by the Central Statistics Bureau, the population of Kuwait rose to 4.91 million on January 1, 2024 — an increase of 119,700 from 2024's 4.79 million population. The number of Kuwaiti citizens increased by 28,700, totaling 1.545 million, an increase from the 1.517 million figure from the start of 2023. Notably, the number of male citizens reached 758,700 and female citizens rose to 787,000 in January 2024. Additionally, the expatriate population witnessed a rise by 90,990, reaching 3.36 million, among which the male expatriates accounted for 2.26 million and female expatriates stood at 1.1 million in the same period.[124]
Ariane 5 is a retired European heavy-lift space launch vehicle operated by Arianespace for the European Space Agency (ESA). It was launched from the Guiana Space Centre (CSG) in French Guiana. It was used to deliver payloads into geostationary transfer orbit (GTO), low Earth orbit (LEO) or further into space. The launch vehicle had a streak of 82 consecutive successful launches between 9 April 2003 and 12 December 2017. Since 2014, Ariane 6, a direct successor system, first launched in 2024.
Intelsat S.A. is a multinational satellite services provider with corporate headquarters in Luxembourg and administrative headquarters in Tysons, Virginia, United States. Originally formed as International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, from 1964 to 2001, it was an intergovernmental consortium owning and managing a constellation of communications satellites providing international telecommunications and broadcast services.
The economy of Jordan is classified as a lower middle income economy. Jordan's GDP per capita rose by 351% in the 1970s, declined 30% in the 1980s, and rose 36% in the 1990s. After King Abdullah II's accession to the throne in 1999, liberal economic policies were introduced. Jordan's economy had been growing at an annual rate of 8% between 1999 and 2008. However, growth has slowed to 2% after the Arab Spring in 2011. The substantial increase of the population, coupled with slowed economic growth and rising public debt led to a worsening of poverty and unemployment in the country. As of 2023, Jordan has a GDP of US$50.85 billion, ranking it 89th worldwide.
The economy of Saudi Arabia is the second-largest in the Middle East and the seventeenth-largest in the world. The Saudi economy is highly reliant on its petroleum sector. Oil accounts on average in recent years for approximately 40% of Saudi GDP and 75% of fiscal revenue, with substantial fluctuations depending on oil prices each year.
Kuwait City is the capital and largest city of Kuwait. Located at the heart of the country on the south shore of Kuwait Bay on the Arabian Gulf, it is the political, cultural and economic center of the emirate, containing Kuwait's Seif Palace, government offices, and the headquarters of most Kuwaiti corporations and banks.
The economy of Bahrain is heavily dependent upon oil and gas. The Bahraini Dinar is the second-highest-valued currency unit in the world. Since the late 20th century, Bahrain has heavily invested in the banking and tourism sectors. The country's capital, Manama is home to many large financial structures. Bahrain's finance industry is very successful. In 2008, Bahrain was named the world's fastest growing financial center by the City of London's Global Financial Centres Index. Bahrain's banking and financial services sector, particularly Islamic banking, have benefited from the regional boom driven by demand for oil. Petroleum is Bahrain's most exported product, accounting for 60% of export receipts, 70% of government revenues, and 11% of GDP. Aluminium is the second most exported product, followed by finance and construction materials.
The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf, also known as the Gulf Cooperation Council, is a regional, intergovernmental, political, and economic union comprising Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. The council's main headquarters is located in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia. The Charter of the GCC was signed on 25 May 1981, formally establishing the institution.
The State Corporation for Space Activities "Roscosmos", commonly known simply as Roscosmos, is a state corporation of the Russian Federation responsible for space flights, cosmonautics programs, and aerospace research.
Space Exploration Technologies Corp., commonly referred to as SpaceX, is an American space technology company headquartered at the Starbase development site near Brownsville, Texas. Since its founding in 2001, the company has made numerous advancements in rocket propulsion, reusable launch vehicle, human spaceflight and satellite constellation technology. As of 2024, SpaceX is the world's dominant space launch provider, its launch cadence eclipsing all others, including private competitors and national programs like the Chinese space program. SpaceX, NASA and the United States Armed Forces work closely together by means of governmental contracts.
The Indian Space Research Organisation is India's national space agency. It serves as the principal research and development arm of the Department of Space (DoS), overseen by the Prime Minister of India, with the Chairman of ISRO also serving as the chief executive of the DoS. It is primarily responsible for space-based operations, space exploration, international space cooperation and the development of related technologies. The agency maintains a constellation of imaging, communication and remote sensing satellites. It operates the GAGAN and IRNSS satellite navigation systems. It has sent three missions to the Moon and one mission to Mars.
Petrodollar recycling is the international spending or investment of a country's revenues from petroleum exports ("petrodollars"). It generally refers to the phenomenon of major petroleum-exporting states, mainly the OPEC members plus Russia and Norway, earning more money from the export of crude oil than they could efficiently invest in their own economies. The resulting global interdependencies and financial flows, from oil producers back to oil consumers, can reach a scale of hundreds of billions of U.S. dollars per year – including a wide range of transactions in a variety of currencies, some pegged to the U.S. dollar and some not. These flows are heavily influenced by government-level decisions regarding international investment and aid, with important consequences for both global finance and petroleum politics. The phenomenon is most pronounced during periods when the price of oil is historically high.
SES S.A., trading as SES is a Luxembourgish satellite telecommunications network provider supplying video and data connectivity worldwide to broadcasters, content and internet service providers, mobile and fixed network operators, governments and institutions.
The Kuwait Investment Authority (KIA) is the State owned sovereign wealth fund of the State of Kuwait, managing the state's reserve and the state's future generation fund, also known as "Ajyal Fund".
Kuwait Petroleum Corporation is Kuwait's major national oil company, headquartered in Al Kuwait.
Kuwait, officially the State of Kuwait, is a country in West Asia and the geopolitical region known as the Middle East. It is situated in the northern edge of the Arabian Peninsula at the tip of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to the north and Saudi Arabia to the south. With a coastline of approximately 500 km (311 mi), Kuwait also shares a maritime border with Iran, across the Persian Gulf. Most of the country's population reside in the urban agglomeration of Kuwait City, the capital and largest city. As of 2024, Kuwait has a population of 4.82 million, of which 1.53 million are Kuwaiti citizens while the remaining 3.29 million are foreign nationals from over 100 countries. Kuwait has the third largest foreign-born population in the world.
Starlink is a satellite internet constellation operated by Starlink Services, LLC, an international telecommunications provider that is a wholly owned subsidiary of American aerospace company SpaceX, providing coverage to over 100 countries and territories. It also aims to provide global mobile broadband. Starlink has been instrumental to SpaceX's growth.
Eutelsat OneWeb is a subsidiary of Eutelsat Group providing broadband satellite Internet services in low Earth orbit (LEO). The company is headquartered in London, and has offices in Virginia, US and a satellite manufacturing facility in Florida – Airbus OneWeb Satellites – that is a joint venture with Airbus Defence and Space.
Relativity Space Inc. is an American aerospace manufacturing company headquartered in Long Beach, California. Relativity Space is developing manufacturing technologies, launch vehicles, and rocket engines for commercial orbital launch services. The company is notable for manufacturing most of their Terran 1 and Terran R rocket parts using 3D printing. As of April 2024, Terran R is on track for initial launch in 2026.
Tourism in the Kuwait is an important component of the Economy of Kuwait, and consists of domestic and international components. In 2018, tourist industry composed over 1.069 billion dinars to country's GDP. The tourist industry of the Kuwait is considered the most successful among the Gulf nations, the country is also the tourist force in the Arab world. This tourism industry has employed more than 516,000 people for the State of Kuwait in the year of 2018.
1 2 "Kuwait". IMF.org. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
1 2 3 "Foreign Trade in Figures". Archived from the original on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 14 May 2021. Kuwait exports to a wide number of countries, the main ones being India (1.6%), China (1.3%), United Arab Emirates (1.1%), Iraq (0.9%) and Saudi Arabia (0.8%). Kuwait's largest suppliers are China (16.7%), the United States (8.7%), the UAE (8.6%) and Japan (5.9%).
↑ "Kuwait extends renewable advisory deadline". MEED. 23 June 2021. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021. Various phases of the Shagaya renewable energy project will have a combined capacity of 4GW once completed
1 2 "general profile". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Archived from the original on 3 December 2020. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
1 2 "RLA hailed for expertise on Kuwait development". Hospitality Net. 23 February 2021. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021. In 2020, domestic travel and tourism spending for Kuwait reached $6.1bn, up from $1.6bn, with family tourism a rapidly-growing segment.
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4,853,420 (2023) [3] 
3.0% (2024) [4] 
China 24% 
India 15% 
South Korea 11% 
Japan 9% 
Taiwan 7% (2022 est.) [8] [9] [10] [11] 
UAE 20% 
Saudi Arabia 9% 
US 7% 
$48.91 billion (31 December 2017 est.) [5] 
