Economy of Tennessee

Last updated

A geomap showing the counties of Tennessee colored by the relative range of that county's median income. Source: 2014 American Community Survey five-year estimate report. Geo Map of Median Income by Location in Tennessee.png
A geomap showing the counties of Tennessee colored by the relative range of that county's median income. Source: 2014 American Community Survey five-year estimate report.
Chart showing poverty in Tennessee, by age and gender (red = female) Bar Chart of Poverty by Age and Gender in Tennessee.svg
Chart showing poverty in Tennessee, by age and gender (red = female)

The U.S. state of Tennessee contains a diverse economy that is made up of many sectors with a mix of industries including manufacturing, agriculture, healthcare, and tourism. The state is home to several major corporations, including FedEx, the largest courier company in the world, and AutoZone, the largest retailer of auto parts in the United States.

Contents

Agriculture is an important part of the economy of Tennessee, with the state ranking among the top producers of soybeans, tobacco, and cotton in the United States. The state is also home to a thriving healthcare industry, with Nashville being a major hub for healthcare services and research. Tourism is another significant contributor to the economy of Tennessee, with millions of visitors each year drawn to the state's natural beauty and cultural attractions, including the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the Country Music Hall of Fame.

Economic statistics

As of 2020, Tennessee had a gross state product of $364.5 billion. [1] In 2019, the state's per capita personal income was $29,859. The median household income was $58,516 in 2021. [2] About 13.9% percent of the population was below the poverty line. [3] In 2018, the state reported a total employment of 2,683,214, and a total number of 138,269 employer establishments. [3]

For 2012, the state held an asset surplus of $533 million, one of only eight states in the nation to report a surplus. [4] Tennessee is a right to work state, as are most of its Southern neighbors. [5] Unionization has historically been low and continues to decline as in most of the U.S. generally. [6]

Taxation

Tennessee has a reputation as low-tax state and is usually ranked as one of the five states with the lowest tax burden on residents. [7] It is one of nine states that do not have a general income tax; the sales tax is the primary means of funding the government. [8] The Hall income tax was a tax imposed on most dividends and interest. The tax rate was 6% from 1937 to 2016, but was completely phased out by January 1, 2021. [9] The first $1,250 of individual income and $2,500 of joint income was exempt from this tax. [10]

The state's sales and use tax rate for most items is 7%, the second-highest in the nation, along with Mississippi, Rhode Island, New Jersey, and Indiana. Food is taxed at a lower rate of 4%, but candy, dietary supplements and prepared food are taxed at 7%. [11] Local sales taxes are collected in most jurisdictions at rates varying from 1.5% to 2.75%, bringing the total sales tax to between 8.5% and 9.75%, with an average rate of about 9.5%, the nation's highest average sales tax. [12] Intangible property tax is assessed on the shares of stock of stockholders of any loan, investment, insurance, or for-profit cemetery companies. The assessment ratio is 40% of the value times the jurisdiction's tax rate. [13] Since January 1, 2016, Tennessee has had no inheritance tax. [14]

While the sales tax remains the main source of state government funding, property taxes are the primary source of revenue for local governments. [13]

Agriculture

Tennessee has the eighth-most farms in the nation, which cover more than 40% of the state's land area, and have an average size of about 155 acres (0.63 km2). [15] Cash receipts for crops and livestock have an estimated annual value of $3.5 billion, and the agriculture sector has an estimated annual impact of $81 billion on the state's economy. [15]

Beef cattle is the state's largest agricultural commodity. [16] Tennessee ranks 12th in the nation for the number of heads of cattle, with more than half of the state's farmland dedicated to cattle grazing. [17] [15] Soybeans are the most common crop produced in the state, followed by corn and cotton. [16] Most soybeans in Tennessee are grown in West and Middle Tennessee, especially in the northwestern corner of the state. [18] Broilers and poultry constitute the state's second most common livestock commodity. [16]

Although cotton was an early crop in Tennessee, large-scale cultivation of the fiber did not begin until the 1820s with the opening of the fertile soils and level plains of West Tennessee for European settlement. [19] Today, Tennessee ranks seventh overall in the nation in cotton production, most of which is still grown in the western part of the state. [20] Tennessee has been one of the top tobacco-producing states for most of its history, which is predominantly grown in the Ridge-and-Valley region of East Tennessee, and still ranks fourth nationwide. [21] Springfield, Tennessee is known for its dark fired tobacco. [22] The state is also the sixth-largest producer of tomatoes, with Grainger County being recognized as one of the top tomato-producing communities in the nation. [23] [24] Other important cash crops raised in the state include hay, wheat, eggs, and snap beans. [15] [21]

The Nashville Basin is a top equestrian region, due to soils that produce grass ideal for feeding horses. The Tennessee Walking Horse, first bred in the region in the late 18th century, is one of the most recognized horse breeds in the world. [25] The state also ranks second nationwide for mule breeding and the production of goat meat. [21]

Horticultural products are an important aspect of the economy of the Eastern Highland Rim, particularly in Warren County, which is nicknamed the "Nursery Capitol of the World". [26] Forests cover more than half of Tennessee's land area, but the state's timber industry is largely concentrated on the Cumberland Plateau, which ranks as one of the top producers of hardwood nationwide. [27]

Industry and manufacturing

A Nissan Leaf, one of six models manufactured at the Nissan Smyrna Assembly Plant, the largest automotive assembly plant in North America Nissan Leaf 2018 (31874639158) (cropped).jpg
A Nissan Leaf, one of six models manufactured at the Nissan Smyrna Assembly Plant, the largest automotive assembly plant in North America

Until World War II, Tennessee, like most Southern states, remained predominantly agrarian. But Chattanooga became one of the first industrial cities in the south in the decades following the Civil War, when many factories, including iron foundries, steel mills, and textile mills were constructed there. [28] Most of Tennessee's industrial growth, however, began with the federal investments in the Tennessee Valley Authority and the Manhattan Project in the 1930s and 1940s. The state's industrial and manufacturing sector continued to rapidly expand in the succeeding decades, and Tennessee is now home to more than 2,400 advanced manufacturing establishments, which produce a total of more than $29 billion worth of goods annually. [29] Today, Tennessee's top manufacturing outputs include automotive and transportation products, processed foods and drinks, chemicals, electrical equipment and appliances, and fabricated metals, and machinery. [30]

Since the early 1980s, Tennessee has emerged as a major hub for the automotive industry, which is now the largest manufacturing sector in the state. [31] Nissan's assembly plant in Smyrna, is the largest automotive assembly plant in North America. [32] Three other auto manufacturers have assembly plants in Tennessee: General Motors in Spring Hill, Van Hool in Morristown, and Volkswagen in Chattanooga. [33] [34] Ford is constructing an assembly plant in Stanton that is expected to be operational in 2025, [35] and Mullen Technologies is constructing a plant in Memphis. [36] In addition, the state is home to more than 900 automotive suppliers. [37] Nissan moved its North American corporate headquarters from California to Franklin in 2005, [38] and Mitsubishi Motors did the same in 2019. [39]

Food and drink production has also been an important industry in Tennessee since the late 19th century, and is today the second largest manufacturing sector. The world's first Coca-Cola bottling plant opened in Chattanooga in 1899. [40] Other well-known brands produced in the state include Jack Daniel's, [41] George Dickel, [42] Mountain Dew, [43] Mayfield, Goo Goo Cluster, [44] Moon Pie, [45] Bush's Beans, [46] Little Debbie, [47] M&M's, [48] and Pringles. [49]

Tennessee is one of the top producers of chemicals, especially non-petrochemicals. [30] Chemical products manufactured in Tennessee include industrial chemicals, paints, pharmaceuticals, plastic resins, and soaps and hygiene products. Kingsport is the headquarters of Eastman Chemical Company, which was founded there in 1920. Other important chemical manufacturers include Matheson in New Johnsonville, Wacker Chemie and Olin Corporation in Bradley County, Resolute Forest Products in Calhoun, and Hemlock Semiconductor in Clarksville.[ citation needed ]

Tennessee is also one of the top states where consumer electronics, electrical appliances, and other electrical equipment historically have been produced, including brands such as Monogram Refrigeration, Whirlpool, Thomas & Betts, LG Electronics, Magnavox, and Electrolux. [50] Other major products manufactured in the state include nonelectrical machinery and fabricated metal products. [51]

Business

Established in 1942, Oak Ridge National Laboratory is the largest national laboratory in the Department of Energy system. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Aerial View.jpg
Established in 1942, Oak Ridge National Laboratory is the largest national laboratory in the Department of Energy system.

Tennessee's commercial sector is dominated by a wide variety of companies, but its largest service industries include health care, transportation, music and entertainment, banking, and finance. Large corporations with headquarters in Tennessee include FedEx, AutoZone, International Paper, and First Horizon Corporation, all based in Memphis; Pilot Corporation and Regal Entertainment Group in Knoxville; Hospital Corporation of America and Caterpillar Inc., based in Nashville; Unum in Chattanooga; Acadia Senior Living and Community Health Systems in Franklin; Dollar General in Goodlettsville, and LifePoint Health, Tractor Supply Company, and Delek US in Brentwood. [52] [53]

Technology

The research and development industry in Tennessee is also one of the largest employment sectors, mainly due to the prominence of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the Y-12 National Security Complex in the city of Oak Ridge. ORNL conducts scientific research in materials science, nuclear physics, energy, high-performance computing, systems biology, and national security. [54] It is also the largest national laboratory in the Department of Energy (DOE) system by size, and has the third highest budget. [55] Since the 1990s, the geographical area between Oak Ridge and Knoxville has been known as the Tennessee Technology Corridor, with more than 500 high-tech firms located in the region. [56] The technology sector is also a rapidly growing industry in Middle Tennessee, particularly in the Nashville metropolitan area. [57] In 2018, Amazon established its East Coast operations center in Nashville, and plans to eventually employ about 5,000. [58]

Energy and mineral production

Norris Dam, a hydroelectric dam operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority that was among the first projects the TVA performed as part of the New Deal in 1933 TVA IMG 2993 (28921461062).jpg
Norris Dam, a hydroelectric dam operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority that was among the first projects the TVA performed as part of the New Deal in 1933

Tennessee's electric utilities are regulated monopolies, as in many other states. [60] [61] As of 2020, the Tennessee Valley Authority owned over 90% of the state's generating capacity. [62] Nuclear power is Tennessee's largest source of electricity generation producing about 47.3% of its power in 2020. The same year, 20.2% of the power was produced from natural gas, 18.4% from coal, 13.4% from hydroelectric power, and 1.6% from other renewables. About 61.3% of the electricity generated in Tennessee produces no greenhouse gas emissions. [63] Tennessee is a net consumer of electricity, receiving power from other TVA facilities in neighboring states, such as the Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant in northern Alabama. [64]

Tennessee is home to the two newest civilian nuclear power reactors in the United States, at Watts Bar Nuclear Plant in Rhea County. Unit 1 began operation in 1996 and Unit 2 in 2016, making it the first and only new nuclear power reactor to begin operation in the United States in the 21st century. [65] As of 2020, officials at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the TVA are studying advancements in nuclear power as an energy source, including small modular reactors, in a joint effort. [66] Tennessee was also an early leader in hydroelectric power, first with the now defunct Chattanooga and Tennessee Electric Power Company; later, the United States Army Corps of Engineers and the TVA constructed several hydroelectric dams on Tennessee rivers. [67] Tennessee is the third-largest hydroelectric power-producing state east of the Rocky Mountains. [68]

Tennessee has very little petroleum and natural gas reserves, but is home to one oil refinery, in Memphis. [68] Bituminous coal is mined in small quantities in the Cumberland Plateau and Cumberland Mountains. [69] There are sizable reserves of lignite coal in West Tennessee that remain untapped. [69] Coal production in Tennessee peaked in 1972, and today less than 0.1% of coal production in the United States comes from Tennessee mines. [68]

Tennessee is the nation's leading producer of ball clay. [69] Other major mineral products produced in Tennessee include sand, gravel, crushed stone, Portland cement, marble, sandstone, common clay, lime, and zinc. [69] [70] The Copper Basin, in Tennessee's southeastern corner in Polk County, was one of the nation's most productive copper mining districts between the 1840s and 1980s. [71] Mines in the basin supplied about 90% of the copper the Confederacy used during the Civil War, [72] and also marketed chemical byproducts of the mining, including sulfuric acid. [73] Mining activities in the basin resulted in a major environmental disaster, which left the landscape in the basin barren for more than a century. [74] Iron ore was another major mineral mined in Tennessee until the early 20th century. [75] Tennessee was also a top producer of phosphate until the early 1990s. [76]

Tourism

The resort city of Gatlinburg borders the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, which is the most visited national park in the United States. Downtown Gatlinburg, Tennessee.JPG
The resort city of Gatlinburg borders the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, which is the most visited national park in the United States.

Tourism contributes billions of dollars every year to Tennessee's economy, and it is the 11th-most visited state in the nation. [78] In 2019 a record 126 million people visited the state, up from 119 million the previous year. [79] [80] This resulted in $23.3 billion of tourism-related spending in the state, approximately $1.1 billion of which came from international travelers. [81] Tax revenue from tourism totaled $1.92 billion. [82] Each county saw at least a $1 million economic impact from tourism, while 21 counties received at least $100 million, and five (Davidson, Shelby, Sevier, Knox, and Hamilton) received more than $1 billion. [81] Tourism-related jobs in the state reached 195,000. [82]

Tennessee is home to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the most visited national park in the U.S., with more than 12 million visitors annually. [77] The park anchors a large tourism industry based primarily in nearby Gatlinburg and Pigeon Forge, which consists of such attractions as Dollywood, the most visited ticketed attraction in Tennessee, Ober Gatlinburg, and Ripley's Aquarium of the Smokies. [41] Major attractions in Memphis include Graceland, the home of Elvis Presley, Beale Street, the National Civil Rights Museum, the Memphis Zoo, and the Stax Museum of American Soul Music. [83] Nashville contains many attractions related to its musical heritage, including Lower Broadway, the Country Music Hall of Fame, the Ryman Auditorium, Grand Ole Opry, and the Gaylord Opryland Resort. Other major attractions in Nashville include the Tennessee State Museum, The Parthenon, and the Belle Meade Plantation. [84] Major attractions in Chattanooga include Lookout Mountain, the Chattanooga Choo-Choo Hotel, Ruby Falls, and the Tennessee Aquarium, the largest freshwater aquarium in the United States. [41] Other attractions include the American Museum of Science and Energy in Oak Ridge, the Bristol Motor Speedway in Bristol, Jack Daniel's Distillery in Lynchburg, and the Hiwassee and Ocoee rivers in Polk County. [41]

Four Civil War battlefields in Tennessee are preserved by the National Park Service: Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, Stones River National Battlefield, Shiloh National Military Park, and Fort Donelson National Battlefield. [85] Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area is within the Cumberland Mountains in northeastern Tennessee. Other major historical attractions preserved by the National Park Service include Cumberland Gap National Historical Park, Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail, Trail of Tears National Historic Trail, and the Manhattan Project National Historical Park. [86] Tennessee is home to eight National Scenic Byways, including the Natchez Trace Parkway, the East Tennessee Crossing Byway, the Great River Road, the Norris Freeway, Cumberland National Scenic Byway, Sequatchie Valley Scenic Byway, The Trace, and the Cherohala Skyway. [87] [88] Tennessee maintains 45 state parks, covering some 132,000 acres (530 km2). Many reservoirs the TVA created to generate electricity have also created water-based tourist attractions and real estate development with an estimated $12 billion economic impact based on a 2016 study by the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture. [89]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tennessee</span> U.S. state

Tennessee, officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked state in the Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, Arkansas to the southwest, and Missouri to the northwest. Tennessee is the 36th-largest by area and the 15th-most populous of the 50 states. Tennessee is geographically, culturally, and legally divided into three Grand Divisions of East, Middle, and West Tennessee. Nashville is the state's capital and largest city, and anchors its largest metropolitan area. Other major cities include Memphis, Knoxville, Chattanooga, and Clarksville. Tennessee's population as of the 2020 United States census is approximately 6.9 million.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tennessee Valley Authority</span> American utility company

The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is a federally owned electric utility corporation in the United States. TVA's service area covers all of Tennessee, portions of Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky, and small areas of Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia. While owned by the federal government, TVA receives no taxpayer funding and operates similarly to a private for-profit company. It is headquartered in Knoxville, Tennessee, and is the sixth-largest power supplier and largest public utility in the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chattanooga, Tennessee</span> City in Tennessee, United States

Chattanooga is a city in and the county seat of Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States. It is located along the Tennessee River, and borders Georgia to the south. With a population of 181,099 in 2020, it is Tennessee's fourth-largest city and one of the two principal cities of East Tennessee, along with Knoxville. It anchors the Chattanooga metropolitan area, Tennessee's fourth-largest metropolitan statistical area, as well as a larger three-state area that includes Southeast Tennessee, Northwest Georgia, and Northeast Alabama.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Knoxville, Tennessee</span> City in Tennessee, United States

Knoxville is a city in and the county seat of Knox County, Tennessee, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, Knoxville's population was 190,740, making it the largest city in the East Tennessee Grand Division and the state's third-most-populous city after Nashville and Memphis. It is the principal city of the Knoxville metropolitan area, which had a population of 879,773 in 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">West Tennessee</span> Geographic and cultural region of Tennessee, United States

West Tennessee is one of the three Grand Divisions of Tennessee that roughly comprises the western quarter of the state. The region includes 21 counties between the Tennessee and Mississippi rivers, delineated by state law. Its geography consists primarily of flat lands with rich soil and vast floodplain areas of the Mississippi River. Of the three regions, West Tennessee is the most sharply defined geographically, and is the lowest-lying. It is both the least populous and smallest, in land area, of the three Grand Divisions. Its largest city is Memphis, the state's second most populous city.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Middle Tennessee</span> Geographic and cultural region of Tennessee, United States

Middle Tennessee is one of the three Grand Divisions of Tennessee that composes roughly the central portion of the state. It is delineated according to state law as 41 of the state's 95 counties. Middle Tennessee contains the state's capital and largest city, Nashville, as well as Clarksville, the state's fifth largest city, and Murfreesboro, the state's sixth largest city and largest suburb of Nashville. The Nashville metropolitan area, located entirely within the region, is the most populous metropolitan area in the state, and the Clarksville metropolitan area is the state's sixth most populous. Middle Tennessee is both the largest, in terms of land area, and the most populous of the state's three Grand Divisions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">East Tennessee</span> Geographic region of Tennessee

East Tennessee is one of the three Grand Divisions of Tennessee defined in state law. Geographically and socioculturally distinct, it comprises approximately the eastern third of the U.S. state of Tennessee. East Tennessee consists of 33 counties, 30 located within the Eastern Time Zone and three counties in the Central Time Zone, namely Bledsoe, Cumberland, and Marion. East Tennessee is entirely located within the Appalachian Mountains, although the landforms range from densely forested 6,000-foot (1,800 m) mountains to broad river valleys. The region contains the major cities of Knoxville and Chattanooga, Tennessee's third and fourth largest cities, respectively, and the Tri-Cities, the state's sixth largest population center.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">University of Tennessee system</span> Public university system in the U.S. state of Tennessee

The University of Tennessee System is a system of public universities in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is one of two public university systems, the other being the Tennessee Board of Regents (TBR). It consists of four primary campuses in Knoxville, Chattanooga, Pulaski and Martin; a health sciences campus in Memphis; a research institute in Tullahoma; and various extensions throughout the state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tennessee Valley</span> Drainage basin of the Tennessee River

The Tennessee Valley is the drainage basin of the Tennessee River and is largely within the U.S. state of Tennessee. It stretches from southwest Kentucky to north Alabama and from northeast Mississippi to the mountains of Virginia and North Carolina. The border of the valley is known as the Tennessee Valley Divide. The Tennessee Valley contributes greatly to the formation of Tennessee's three legally recognized sectors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bellefonte Nuclear Plant</span> Unfinished nuclear power plant located in Hollywood, Alabama

The Bellefonte Nuclear Generating Station (BLN) is an unfinished nuclear power plant in Hollywood, Alabama, United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2006 United States Senate election in Tennessee</span>

The 2006 United States Senate election in Tennessee was held on November 7, 2006. Incumbent Republican Senator Bill Frist, the Majority Leader, retired after two terms in office. The open seat was won by Republican nominee Bob Corker, who defeated Democratic nominee Harold Ford Jr.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Tennessee</span>

Tennessee is one of the 50 states of the United States. What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, and later part of the Southwest Territory. It was admitted to the Union on June 1, 1796, as the 16th state. Tennessee earned the nickname "The Volunteer State" during the War of 1812, when many Tennesseans helped with the war effort, especially during the Americans victory at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815. The nickname became even more applicable during the Mexican–American War in 1846, after the Secretary of War asked the state for 2,800 soldiers, and Tennessee sent over 30,000 volunteers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bull Run Fossil Plant</span> Coal-fired power plant in Anderson County, Tennessee

Bull Run Fossil Plant, commonly known as Bull Run Steam Plant, is a decommissioned 889 megawatt (MW), coal-fired electric generating station owned and operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The plant is the only coal fired power plant ever constructed by TVA with one unit, and was retired on December 1, 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kingston Fossil Plant coal fly ash slurry spill</span> 2008 environmental disaster in Tennessee, US

The Kingston Fossil Plant coal fly ash slurry spill was an environmental and industrial disaster that occurred on December 22, 2008, when a dike ruptured at a coal ash pond at the Tennessee Valley Authority's Kingston Fossil Plant in Roane County, Tennessee, releasing 1.1 billion US gallons of coal fly ash slurry. The coal-fired power plant, located across the Clinch River from the city of Kingston, used a series of ponds to store and dewater the fly ash, a byproduct of coal combustion. The spill released a slurry of fly ash and water which traveled across the Emory River and its Swan Pond embayment onto the opposite shore, covering up to 300 acres (1.2 km2) of the surrounding land. The spill damaged multiple homes and flowed into nearby waterways including the Emory River and Clinch River, both tributaries of the Tennessee River. It was the largest industrial spill in United States history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ocoee Dam No. 1</span> Hydroelectric dam in Tennessee

Ocoee Dam Number 1 is a hydroelectric dam on the Ocoee River in Polk County in the U.S. state of Tennessee. The dam impounds the 1,930-acre (780 ha) Parksville Reservoir and is the farthest downstream of four dams on the Toccoa/Ocoee River owned and operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority. Completed in 1911, Ocoee No. 1 was one of the first hydroelectric projects in Tennessee.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outline of Tennessee</span> Overview of and topical guide to Tennessee

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Tennessee:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">EPB</span> Electricity and telecommunications company in Chattanooga, Tennessee

EPB of Chattanooga, formerly known as the Electric Power Board of Chattanooga, is an American electric power distribution and telecommunications company owned by the city of Chattanooga, Tennessee. EPB serves nearly 180,000 homes and businesses in a 600-square mile area in the greater Chattanooga area and Hamilton County. In 2010, EPB was the first company in the United States to offer 1 Gbit/s high-speed internet over a fiber optic network, over 200 times faster than the national average. As a result, Chattanooga has been called "Gig City" and held up as a national model for deploying the world's fastest internet and the most advanced Smart Grid electric distribution system in the United States. On October 15, 2015, Chattanooga implemented the world's first community-wide 10-gig Internet service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elections in Tennessee</span> Overview of elections in the U.S. state of Tennessee

Elections in Tennessee are held to fill various local, state, and federal seats. Special elections may be held to fill vacancies at other points in time. Statewide legislative referrals and referendums may also be on the ballot in some elections. Tennessee is one of thirteen states that holds its presidential primaries on Super Tuesday.

As of 2022, there were about 18,500 electric vehicles in Tennessee.

References

  1. ↑ "GDP by State". GDP by State | U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). Bureau of Economic Analysis. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  2. ↑ "Median Annual Household Income". The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. 2017. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
  3. 1 2 "QuickFacts Tennessee; UNITED STATES". quickfacts.census.gov. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. February 6, 2019. Archived from the original on February 2, 2019. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  4. ↑ "State Data and Comparisons: Tennessee". State Data Lab. Institute for Truth in Accounting. Archived from the original on March 5, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
  5. ↑ "Right-to-Work Laws". ncsl.org. Washington, D.C.: National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
  6. ↑ Flessner, Dave (January 22, 2020). "Union membership drops in Tennessee as legislature considers putting right to work laws in state constitution". Chattanooga Times Free Press. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
  7. ↑ Stebbins, Samuel (September 27, 2018). "Tax policy: States with the highest and lowest taxes". USA Today. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  8. ↑ Loudenback, Tanza (February 6, 2020). "There are 9 US states with no income tax, but 2 of them still tax investment earnings". Business Insider. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  9. ↑ Pare, Mike (February 1, 2019). "Tennessee on its way to becoming a bona fide no-income-tax state in 2021". Chattanooga Times Free Press . Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  10. ↑ "Due Date and Tax Rates". tn.gov. Tennessee Department of Revenue. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  11. ↑ "What are the state and local sales tax rates in Tennessee?". tn.gov. Tennessee Department of Revenue. December 11, 2017. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  12. ↑ Sher, Andy (July 27, 2019). "Yet again, Tennessee combined state, local sales tax rates nation's highest". Chattanooga Times Free Press . Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  13. 1 2 Green, Harry A.; Chervin, Stan A.; Lippard, Cliff; Joseph, Linda (February 2002). The Local Property Tax in Tennessee (PDF) (Report). Tennessee Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations . Retrieved June 5, 2020.
  14. ↑ "TN Department of Revenue". Archived from the original on October 23, 2019. Retrieved October 30, 2019.
  15. 1 2 3 4 "Tennessee Agriculture 2021". Farm Flavor. Tennessee Department of Agriculture. 2021. Retrieved 2021-04-09.
  16. 1 2 3 Bertone, Rachel (November 20, 2013). "Tennessee's Top Five". Tennessee Home & Farm. Tennessee Farm Bureau.
  17. ↑ Neel, James B. "Tennessee's Cattle Industry". The University of Tennessee. Archived from the original on January 2, 2009.
  18. ↑ "Soybeans: Production by County". National Agricultural Statistics Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
  19. ↑ Corlew, Robert E.; Folmsbee, Stanley E.; Mitchell, Enoch (1981). Tennessee: A Short History (2nd ed.). Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press. pp. 209–212. ISBN   9780870496479 – via Internet Archive.
  20. ↑ National Agricultural Statistics Service (May 12, 2020). Crop Production (PDF) (Report). United States Department of Agriculture. ISSN   1936-3737 . Retrieved 2021-04-08– via Cornell University Library.
  21. 1 2 3 "Tennessee Farm Facts". Columbia, Tennessee: Tennessee Farm Bureau. 16 September 2020. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
  22. ↑ "Springfield, Tennessee, World's Finest Dark Fired Tobacco". Knoxville, Tennessee: University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Retrieved July 30, 2021.
  23. ↑ "The United States of Tomatoes". Farm Flavor. Journal Communications, Inc. May 1, 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
  24. ↑ McBryde, John (March 14, 2013). "Tomatoes Lead the Way in Vegetable Crop Production Value". Farm Flavor. Tennessee Department of Agriculture . Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  25. ↑ "Tennessee Walking Horse". International Museum of the Horse. Archived from the original on June 28, 2013. Retrieved March 1, 2013.
  26. ↑ Mozo, Jessica (February 10, 2012). "McMinnville, Tennessee: Nursery Capital of the World". Tennessee Home & Farm (Winter 2011-12). Retrieved 2021-04-09.
  27. ↑ Ummey Honey (2019). Economic Impacts of Forestry and Forest Product Industries in Tennessee (Report). Tennessee State University. AAI22585121. Retrieved 2021-04-09.
  28. ↑ Belissary, Constantine G. (May 1953). "The Rise of Industry and the Industrial Spirit in Tennessee, 1865-1885". The Journal of Southern History. 19 (2): 193–215. doi:10.2307/2955013. JSTOR   2955013.
  29. ↑ "Advanced Manufacturing". tnecd.com. Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development. 2020. Retrieved 2021-03-31.
  30. 1 2 "2020 Tennessee Manufacturing Facts". nma.org. Washington, D.C.: National Association of Manufacturers. 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
  31. ↑ Evanoff, Ted (March 27, 2018). "How Tennessee became Car Country, USA". The Commercial Appeal. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  32. ↑ Schmitt, Bertel (February 27, 2015). "Who makes the most cars in North America? Who has the largest auto factory in the U.S.? Don't be embarrassed, few get it right". Daily Kanban. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
  33. ↑ Grigsby, Karen (March 27, 2018). "Tennessee's huge auto industry: 7 things you may not know". The Tennessean. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  34. ↑ Gaines, Jim (February 9, 2019). "New factory site prepping in Morristown with $1M grant". Knoxville News Sentinel . Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  35. ↑ Connolly, Daniel (September 27, 2021). "Ford aims to create 5,700 jobs with new factory, battery plant near Memphis". The Commercial Appeal. Memphis. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  36. ↑ Moon, Melissa; Wilborn, Quametra (March 17, 2021). "Mullen Technologies: Memphis to become primary US manufacturing base for electric vehicles". WREG-TV . Memphis. Retrieved 2021-04-09.
  37. ↑ "Tennessee courts a changing industry". Automotive News . Detroit. November 11, 2019. Retrieved 2021-03-31.
  38. ↑ Peters, Jeremy W. (November 10, 2005). "Nissan to Move U.S. Headquarters to Tennessee". The New York Times.
  39. ↑ McGee, Jamie; West, Emily R. (June 25, 2019). "Mitsubishi North America to move headquarters to Nashville area". The Tennessean. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  40. ↑ Flessner, Dave (July 22, 2019). "Coca-Cola bottling marks 120 years in Chattanooga". Chattanooga Times Free Press. Retrieved 2021-03-31.
  41. 1 2 3 4 Kampis, Johnny. "Top Ten Places to Go in Tennessee". USA Today. Archived from the original on August 12, 2015. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  42. ↑ Chamberlain, Chris (June 25, 2020). "George Dickel Releases Second Edition of Bottled in Bond Tennessee Whisky". Nashville Scene. Retrieved 2021-03-31.
  43. ↑ McRary, Amy (June 27, 2019). "Knoxville museum exhibit reveals Mountain Dew's roots in hillbillies and bourbon". Knoxville News Sentinel. Retrieved 2021-03-31.
  44. ↑ Kawash, Samira (2013). Candy: A Century of Panic and Pleasure. New York: Faber and Faber. pp. 152–153, 156–157, 163. ISBN   9780865477568 . Retrieved May 21, 2019– via Google Books.
  45. ↑ Peeples, Melanie (November 25, 2017). "Even After 100 Years, People Are Still Reaching For The Moon(Pie)". NPR. Retrieved 2021-03-31.
  46. ↑ Tennis, Joe (April 17, 2019). "Famous Tennessee bean factory open to visitors". Bristol Herald Courier . Bristol, Virginia. Retrieved 2021-03-31.
  47. ↑ Flessner, Dave (July 1, 2016). "Fast facts about Little Debbie". Chattanooga Times Free Press. Retrieved 2021-03-31.
  48. ↑ Mincey, Allen (March 4, 2016). "Mars Chocolate North America celebrates 'Big 7-5' of M&M's". Cleveland Daily Banner . Cleveland, Tennessee. Archived from the original on June 30, 2018. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
  49. ↑ "Local plant awarded $100,000 award". WBBJ-TV . Jackson, Tennessee. February 24, 2020. Retrieved 2021-03-31.
  50. ↑ "Timeline". History of Magnavox. 2014. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  51. ↑ "Tennessee Trade Facts". Office of the United States Trade Representative. 2020. Retrieved 2021-04-09.
  52. ↑ "Tennessee home to 9 of world's largest companies". Nashville Business Journal. April 22, 2011. Retrieved 2021-04-10.
  53. ↑ Flessner, Dave (November 18, 2019). "What are Tennessee's biggest businesses?". Chattanooga Times Free Press. Retrieved 2021-04-10.
  54. ↑ "Solving Big Problems" (PDF). Oak Ridge National Laboratory. June 2013. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
  55. ↑ "Department of Energy FY 2020 Congressional Budget Request" (PDF). Department of Energy. March 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
  56. ↑ Sherman, Erik (July 27, 2000). "Tennessee's Tech Corridor". Computerworld . Retrieved May 27, 2021.
  57. ↑ Layden, Melanie (April 6, 2021). "Booming tech industry in Middle Tennessee". WSMV-TV. Nashville. Retrieved 2021-04-10.
  58. ↑ Palmer, Annie (August 11, 2020). "Amazon crosses 1,000 hires at its new Nashville office". CNBC . Retrieved 2021-04-10.
  59. ↑ Jones, Jenny (October 2011). "A NEW DEAL: The Creation of the TVA and the Construction of Norris Dam" (PDF). Civil Engineering Magazine . 81 (10): 50–52. doi:10.1061/ciegag.0000555 . Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  60. ↑ "Energy policy in Tennessee". Ballotpedia. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  61. ↑ "Map of Deregulated Energy Markets (Updated 2018) – Electric Choice". www.electricchoice.com. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  62. ↑ "Tennessee - State Energy Profile Overview - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". www.eia.gov. Retrieved May 1, 2020.
  63. ↑ U.S. Energy Information Administration - Independent Statistics & Analysis (February 2021). Electric Power Monthly with Data for December 2020 (PDF) (Report). Energy Information Administration . Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  64. ↑ Popovich, Nadja (December 24, 2018). "How Does Your State Make Electricity?". The New York Times . New York City. Retrieved March 18, 2019.
  65. ↑ Mooney, Chris (June 17, 2016). "It's the first new U.S. nuclear reactor in decades. And climate change has made that a very big deal". The Washington Post . Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  66. ↑ "ORNL, TVA sign agreement to collaborate on advanced reactor technologies". Oak Ridge National Laboratory . February 19, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  67. ↑ "Tennessee ties to hydropower run deep". The Tennessean. July 20, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  68. 1 2 3 "Tennessee - State Energy Profile Analysis". eia.gov. Energy Information Administration. June 20, 2019. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  69. 1 2 3 4 "Tennessee's Mineral Industry". tn.gov. Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. 2017. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  70. ↑ "The Mineral Industry of Tennessee". National Minerals Information Center. U.S. Geological Survey . Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  71. ↑ Cochran, Kim. "Minerals and Mining of the Copper Basin". gamineral.org. Georgia Mineral Society. Retrieved May 30, 2008.
  72. ↑ Lillard, Roy G. (1980). Bradley County. Memphis, Tennessee: Memphis State University Press. p.  63. ISBN   0-87870-099-4 – via Internet Archive.
  73. ↑ Waters, Jack. "Mining the Copper Basin in Southeast Tennessee". The Tellico Plains Mountain Press. Tellico Plains, Tennessee. Retrieved May 30, 2008.
  74. ↑ "The Greening of Copper Basin". tva.gov. Tennessee Valley Authority. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  75. ↑ Burchard, Ernest F. (1927). The Brown Iron Ores of West-Middle Tennessee (PDF) (Report). U.S. Geologic Survey. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  76. ↑ Morgan, Herman Jr.; Parks, W.L. (April 1967). Reclamation of Mined Phosphate Land (Report). University of Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station. 416. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  77. 1 2 "Visitation Numbers". National Park Service . Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  78. ↑ Polland, Jennifer (October 30, 2014). "A Detailed Look At How Americans Travel Within The US". Business Insider. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  79. ↑ Vásquez Russell, Melanie (August 25, 2020). "Report: State, East TN counties travel, tourism industries saw record-breaking growth in 2019". WATE-TV . Knoxville. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  80. ↑ "Report: Tennessee Travel Spending Hit Record $23B in 2019". U.S. News & World Report. Associated Press. August 26, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  81. 1 2 2019 Economic Impact of Travel on Tennessee (PDF) (Report). Tennessee Department of Toursit Development. August 2020. Retrieved 2021-04-18.
  82. 1 2 "Tourism in Tennessee Shattered Records with $23 Billion in Travel Spending and 126 Million Domestic Person Stays in 2019" (Press release). Nashville: Tennessee Department of Tourist Development. August 25, 2020. Retrieved 2021-04-18.
  83. ↑ "14 Best Things to Do in Memphis". U.S. News & World Report. May 14, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  84. ↑ "21 Best Things to Do in Nashville". U.S. News & World Report. January 3, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  85. ↑ "Tennessee Civil War Battles". nps.gov. Tennessee Civil War Battles. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  86. ↑ "Tennessee". nps.gov. National Park Service. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  87. ↑ "Tennessee Byways". National Scenic Byway Foundation. March 25, 2020. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
  88. ↑ Staff (February 23, 2021). "Five TN roads designated as National Scenic Byway or All-American Road". WRCB-TV . Chattanooga. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  89. ↑ Flessner, Dave (May 2, 2017). "Study: TVA lakes have nearly $12 billion economic impact to region". Chattanooga Times Free Press . Retrieved May 16, 2021.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.