Hardeman County, Tennessee

Hardeman County
County
Hardeman County Courthouse in Bolivar
Location within the U.S. state of Tennessee
Tennessee's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 35°12′N89°00′W / 35.2°N 89°W / 35.2; -89
Country	United States
State	Tennessee
Founded	1823
Named for	Thomas J. Hardeman [1]
Seat	Bolivar
Largest city	Bolivar
Area
• Total	670 sq mi (1,700 km2)
• Land	668 sq mi (1,730 km2)
• Water	2.6 sq mi (7 km2)  0.4%
Population  (2020)
• Total	25,462
• Density	41/sq mi (16/km2)
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district	8th

Hardeman County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,462. ^[2] Its county seat is Bolivar. ^[3]

History

Hardeman County was created by the Tennessee General Assembly in 1823 from parts of Hardin County and "Indian lands." It is named for Thomas J. Hardeman ^[4] (1788-1854), a veteran of the Creek War and the War of 1812 and a prominent figure in the fight for Texas independence. He served as a congressman in the Republic of Texas, and was also the father of Confederate brigadier general William Polk Hardeman. ^[1]

Settlers began arriving in the area that is now Hardeman County in 1819, following a treaty with the Chickasaw allowing settlement in West Tennessee signed on October 19, 1818. ^[5] Among these earliest settlers were the county's namesame Thomas Hardeman and Ezekiel Polk, the paternal grandfather of president James K. Polk. ^[6] Thereafter, further settlers arrived from Middle Tennessee, Alabama, North and South Carolina, and Virginia. ^[5]

The first permanent settlement was established in 1823 along the Hatchie River, dubbed Hatchie Town. The town's location along the river led to recurrent flooding, and ultimately the decision was made to relocate the settlement approximately one mile south to what is now Bolivar. ^{[5] [6]}

Hardeman County was the site of several battles and skirmishes in the Civil War. The largest of these was the Battle of Hatchie's Bridge which took place on October 5, 1862 and resulted in 900 total casualties. Much of downtown Bolivar was also burned down during the war. ^{[5] [6]} The town of Grand Junction was the site of the first contraband camp, organized by John Eaton to shelter and employ enslaved individuals captured by the Union. ^{[5] [6] [7]}

The county is the location of two of Tennessee's four private prisons, the Whiteville Correctional Facility and the Hardeman County Correctional Center. Both are medium-security facilities for men, operated by the Corrections Corporation of America. ^{[8] [9]}

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 670 square miles (1,700 km²), of which 668 square miles (1,730 km²) is land and 2.6 square miles (6.7 km²) (0.4%) is water. ^[10] It is the fifth-largest county in Tennessee by area.

Adjacent counties

• Madison County (north)
• Chester County (northeast)
• McNairy County (east)
• Alcorn County, Mississippi (southeast)
• Tippah County, Mississippi (south)
• Benton County, Mississippi (southwest)
• Fayette County (west)
• Haywood County (northwest)

National protected areas

• Hatchie National Wildlife Refuge

State protected areas

• Chickasaw State Park (part)

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1830	11,655		—
1840	14,563		25.0%
1850	17,456		19.9%
1860	17,769		1.8%
1870	18,074		1.7%
1880	22,921		26.8%
1890	21,029		−8.3%
1900	22,976		9.3%
1910	23,011		0.2%
1920	22,278		−3.2%
1930	22,193		−0.4%
1940	23,590		6.3%
1950	23,311		−1.2%
1960	21,517		−7.7%
1970	22,435		4.3%
1980	23,873		6.4%
1990	23,377		−2.1%
2000	28,105		20.2%
2010	27,253		−3.0%
2020	25,462		−6.6%
U.S. Decennial Census [11] 1790-1960 [12] 1900-1990 [13] 1990-2000 [14] 2010-2014 [2]

Age pyramid Hardeman County

2020 census

Hardeman County, Tennessee – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.

Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)	Pop 2000 [16]	Pop 2010 [17]	Pop 2020 [18]	% 20010	% 2010	% 2020
White alone (NH)	15,994	15,197	13,970	56.91%	55.76%	54.87%
Black or African American alone (NH)	11,474	11,228	10,150	40.83%	41.20%	39.86%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)	66	56	46	0.23%	0.21%	0.18%
Asian alone (NH)	78	145	162	0.28%	0.53%	0.64%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)	5	0	6	0.02%	0.00%	0.02%
Other race alone (NH)	13	18	68	0.05%	0.07%	0.27%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)	202	233	566	0.72%	0.85%	2.22%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	273	376	494	0.97%	1.38%	1.94%
Total	28,105	27,253	25,462	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 25,462 people, 8,891 households, and 5,816 families residing in the county.

2010 census

As of the census ^[19] of 2010 the racial makeup of the county was 56.1% White (non-Hispanic) or European American, 41.01% Black or African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.2% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. 0.96% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2000 census

As of the census ^[19] of 2000, there were 28,105 people, 9,412 households, and 6,767 families residing in the county. The population density was 42 people per square mile (16 people/km²). There were 10,694 housing units at an average density of 16 units per square mile (6.2/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 57.34% White (non-Hispanic) or European American, 40.97% Black or African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.30% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. 0.97% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 9,412 households, out of which 32.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.00% were married couples living together, 17.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.10% were non-families. 25.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.90% under the age of 18, 9.80% from 18 to 24, 31.30% from 25 to 44, 22.40% from 45 to 64, and 12.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 116.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 121.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $29,111, and the median income for a family was $34,746. Males had a median income of $27,828 versus $20,759 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,349. About 16.90% of families and 19.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.40% of those under age 18 and 20.80% of those age 65 or over.

Schools

• Bolivar Central High School
• Bolivar Middle School
• Bolivar Elementary School
• Whiteville Elementary School
• Middleton High School
• Middleton Elementary School
• Toone Elementary School
• Grand Junction Elementary School
• Hornsby Elementary School

Communities

Cities

• Bolivar (county seat and largest city)
• Grand Junction (partial)
• Middleton
• Medon (mostly in Madison County)

Towns

• Hickory Valley
• Hornsby (partly in Mcnairy County)
• Saulsbury
• Silerton (partial)
• Toone
• Whiteville

Unincorporated and historic communities

• Cloverport
• Essary Springs
• Middleburg
• New Castle
• Piney Grove
• Porters Creek
• Pocahontas
• Rogers Springs
• Serles
• Van Buren
• Vildo

Politics

Apart from its powerful vote against Hubert Humphrey in 1968 and George McGovern in 1972 as well as George H. W. Bush's 21-vote plurality in 1988, Hardeman County was a solidly Democratic county up until it flipped to Donald Trump in 2016.

United States presidential election results for Hardeman County, Tennessee ^[20]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2024	5,793	61.63%	3,527	37.53%	79	0.84%
2020	5,760	57.24%	4,180	41.54%	123	1.22%
2016	4,919	53.05%	4,185	45.13%	169	1.82%
2012	4,865	46.60%	5,482	52.51%	92	0.88%
2008	5,225	46.50%	5,919	52.67%	93	0.83%
2004	4,704	44.95%	5,685	54.32%	77	0.74%
2000	3,729	42.36%	4,953	56.26%	121	1.37%
1996	2,961	35.97%	4,859	59.03%	411	4.99%
1992	3,122	36.19%	4,832	56.01%	673	7.80%
1988	3,547	49.69%	3,526	49.40%	65	0.91%
1984	3,712	48.68%	3,797	49.79%	117	1.53%
1980	2,931	40.68%	4,153	57.64%	121	1.68%
1976	2,254	35.95%	3,934	62.74%	82	1.31%
1972	3,494	66.00%	1,550	29.28%	250	4.72%
1968	1,171	20.18%	1,709	29.45%	2,924	50.38%
1964	2,450	47.80%	2,675	52.20%	0	0.00%
1960	1,601	44.42%	1,711	47.48%	292	8.10%
1956	818	24.40%	1,754	52.31%	781	23.29%
1952	1,256	31.17%	2,747	68.18%	26	0.65%
1948	317	9.61%	1,609	48.76%	1,374	41.64%
1944	444	18.50%	1,949	81.21%	7	0.29%
1940	319	11.10%	2,549	88.66%	7	0.24%
1936	157	7.74%	1,869	92.11%	3	0.15%
1932	281	10.49%	2,377	88.69%	22	0.82%
1928	491	25.04%	1,453	74.09%	17	0.87%
1924	254	13.39%	1,586	83.61%	57	3.00%
1920	895	28.59%	2,212	70.67%	23	0.73%
1916	485	21.89%	1,724	77.80%	7	0.32%
1912	320	16.71%	1,323	69.09%	272	14.20%

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Hardeman County, Tennessee
• John Chisum
• Bailey Hardeman, brother of Thomas J. Hardeman
• Hardeman County, Texas
• Bolivar Female Academy

References

1. Faye Tennyson Davidson, "Hardeman County" Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture ; retrieved October 16, 2013.
2. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
3. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
4. "HAIRSTON - (surname unknown) Mary Ophelia POLK". www.hairston.org. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
5. "Hardeman County Tennessee". hardemancounty.org. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
6. "History". Hardeman County Tennessee. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
7. "Chaplain John Eaton, Jr. · Finding Freedom at Grand Junction, Tennessee · Contraband Camps of the Mississippi Valley". gjcontrabandcamp.omeka.net. Retrieved August 26, 2024.
8. "Tennessee Department of Correction - Hardeman County Correctional Facility". Archived from the original on April 12, 2014. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
9. "Tennessee Department of Correction - Whiteville Correctional Facility". Archived from the original on April 12, 2014. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
10. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
11. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
12. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
13. Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
14. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
15. Based on 2000 census data
16. "P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Hardeman County, Tennessee". United States Census Bureau .
17. "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Hardeman County, Tennessee". United States Census Bureau .
18. "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Hardeman County, Tennessee". United States Census Bureau .
19. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved May 14, 2011.
20. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 10, 2018.

External links

• Chamber of Commerce site Archived May 1, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
• Hardeman County at Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture

35°12′N89°00′W / 35.20°N 89.00°W / 35.20; -89.00