Henderson County, Tennessee

For the cities of a similar name, see Henderson, Tennessee and Hendersonville, Tennessee.

Henderson County
County
Henderson County Courthouse in Lexington
Seal
Location within the U.S. state of Tennessee
Tennessee's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 35°39′N88°23′W / 35.65°N 88.39°W / 35.65; -88.39
Country	United States
State	Tennessee
Founded	1821
Named for	James Henderson
Seat	Lexington
Largest city	Lexington
Area
• Total	526 sq mi (1,360 km2)
• Land	520 sq mi (1,300 km2)
• Water	5.8 sq mi (15 km2)  1.1%
Population  (2020)
• Total	27,842
• Density	53/sq mi (20/km2)
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district	8th
Website	hendersoncountytn.gov

Henderson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,842. ^[1] Its county seat is Lexington. ^[2] The county was founded in 1821 and named for James Henderson, a soldier in the War of 1812. ^[3]

History

Henderson County was established in 1821; it was named for Lt. Colonel James Henderson, ^[4] Jr. (1775–1814), of the Tennessee State Militia, who was killed in late December 1814 below New Orleans during a clash with the British Army. Henderson is said to have served in earlier conflicts such as the Creek Indian war, which took place during the same overall time period as the War of 1812.

After the Battle of New Orleans, Major General William Carroll’s Tennessee brigade, which was the largest single force under General Andrew Jackson’s command in Louisiana, established their outgoing camp upriver from New Orleans and named it Camp Henderson.

General Carroll's first term as Governor of Tennessee began the same year that Henderson County was established.

The county seat, Lexington, was laid out in 1822. ^[3] Like many Tennessee counties, Henderson was divided during the Civil War. Confederate sentiment was strongest in the western half of the county (where most of the county's plantations were located), while Union support was strongest in the hilly eastern half. ^[3] In Tennessee's Ordinance of Secession referendum on June 8, 1861, Henderson County voted to remain in the Union by a margin of 1,013 to 800, ^[5] being one of only eight counties in West or Middle Tennessee to vote against secession. Earlier on February 9, 1861, Henderson County voters had voted against holding a secession convention by a margin of 1,105 to 619. ^[6]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 526 square miles (1,360 km²), of which 520 square miles (1,300 km²) is land and 5.8 square miles (15 km²) (1.1%) is water. ^[7]

The county straddles the Tennessee Valley Divide, with waters east of the divide flowing into the Tennessee River, and waters west of the divide flowing into the Mississippi River. Primary streams include the Beech River, which flows through the county's largest lake Beech Lake, and the Forked Deer River. ^[3]

Adjacent counties

• Carroll County (north)
• Decatur County (east)
• Hardin County (southeast)
• Chester County (southwest)
• Madison County (west)

National protected area

• Shiloh National Military Park Parker's Crossroads Battlefield

State protected areas

• Natchez Trace State Forest (part)
• Natchez Trace State Park (part)

Climate and weather

Lexington, TN
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     4     48 27     4.5     52 31     4.6     62 38     4.4     72 46     5.8     79 56     3.7     87 65     4.1     90 68     3.1     90 67     3.5     84 60     4.2     73 48     4.3     62 39     4.9     50 30 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches Source: Applied Climate Information System [8]
Metric conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     102     9 −3     114     11 −1     117     17 3     113     22 8     146     26 13     94     30 18     105     32 20     79     32 20     89     29 15     107     23 9     108     17 4     125     10 −1 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm

The climate in Henderson County is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. In summer, these regions are largely under the influence of moist, maritime airflow from the western side of the subtropical anticyclonic cells over low-latitude ocean waters. Temperatures are high and can lead to warm, oppressive nights. Summers are usually a bit drier than winters, with much of the rainfall coming from convectional thunderstorm activity; tropical cyclones may also enhance warm-season rainfall. The coldest month is usually quite mild, although freezes are not uncommon, and winter precipitation is derived primarily from frontal cyclones along the polar front.

The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfa". (Humid Subtropical Climate). ^[9]

Major highways

• I-40
• US 70
• US 412
• SR 22
• SR 22A
• SR 104

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1830	8,748		—
1840	11,875		35.7%
1850	13,164		10.9%
1860	14,491		10.1%
1870	14,217		−1.9%
1880	17,430		22.6%
1890	16,336		−6.3%
1900	18,117		10.9%
1910	17,030		−6.0%
1920	18,436		8.3%
1930	17,655		−4.2%
1940	19,220		8.9%
1950	17,173		−10.7%
1960	16,115		−6.2%
1970	17,291		7.3%
1980	21,390		23.7%
1990	21,844		2.1%
2000	25,522		16.8%
2010	27,769		8.8%
2020	27,842		0.3%
U.S. Decennial Census [10] 1790-1960 [11] 1900-1990 [12] 1990-2000 [13] 2010-2014 [1]

Age pyramid Henderson County

2020 census

Henderson County racial composition ^[15]

Race	Num.	Perc.
White (non-Hispanic)	23,890	85.81%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic)	1,931	6.94%
Native American	53	0.19%
Asian	90	0.32%
Pacific Islander	2	0.01%
Other/Mixed	1,157	4.16%
Hispanic or Latino	719	2.58%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 27,842 people, 10,711 households, and 7,113 families residing in the county.

2000 census

As of the census ^[16] of 2000, there were 25,522 people, 10,306 households, and 7,451 families residing in the county. The population density was 49 people per square mile (19 people/km²). There were 11,446 housing units at an average density of 22 per square mile (8.5/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 90.45% White, 8.00% Black or African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.33% from other races, and 0.94% from two or more races. 0.97% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 10,306 households, out of which 32.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.90% were married couples living together, 11.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.70% were non-families. 24.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.30% under the age of 18, 8.70% from 18 to 24, 28.80% from 25 to 44, 23.90% from 45 to 64, and 14.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 92.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.00 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $32,057, and the median income for a family was $38,475. Males had a median income of $28,598 versus $21,791 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,019. About 9.20% of families and 12.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.60% of those under age 18 and 14.50% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation

The Beech River Regional Airport is a public-use airport located five nautical miles (5.8 mi; 9.3 km) northwest of the central business district of Parsons, a city in Decatur County. The airport is located in Darden, Tennessee.

Communities

City

• Lexington (county seat)
• Parkers Crossroads

Town

• Sardis
• Scotts Hill

Census-designated places

• Chesterfield
• Darden

Unincorporated communities

• Cedar Grove
• Crucifer
• Huron
• Independence
• Juno
• Life
• Luray
• Middle Fork
• Mount Gilead
• Reagan
• Wildersville

Politics

Henderson County is overwhelmingly Republican, and, even before the rapid trend of the upland South away from the Democratic Party, was a Unionist Republican enclave in historically Democratic West Tennessee. This is due to the shallow, humus-poor and easily erodible Highland Rim soils, which were much less suitable for plantation farming than the rest of Middle and West Tennessee. ^[17] Henderson County has not voted for a Democratic candidate since Samuel Tilden in the 1876 election, and the last time it didn't vote Republican was in 1912, when the county supported Progressive candidate Theodore Roosevelt; Henderson County was the only county in the state outside of East Tennessee for vote for Roosevelt in that election.

United States presidential election results for Henderson County, Tennessee ^[18]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	9,797	81.51%	2,092	17.40%	131	1.09%
2016	8,138	79.65%	1,800	17.62%	279	2.73%
2012	7,421	73.80%	2,517	25.03%	117	1.16%
2008	7,669	70.79%	3,021	27.88%	144	1.33%
2004	6,585	65.22%	3,448	34.15%	63	0.62%
2000	5,153	61.35%	3,166	37.69%	80	0.95%
1996	4,002	54.96%	2,841	39.01%	439	6.03%
1992	4,719	52.29%	3,502	38.81%	803	8.90%
1988	5,418	69.29%	2,296	29.36%	105	1.34%
1984	5,362	68.56%	2,426	31.02%	33	0.42%
1980	5,108	64.45%	2,702	34.09%	116	1.46%
1976	4,152	54.73%	3,366	44.37%	68	0.90%
1972	5,122	77.64%	1,313	19.90%	162	2.46%
1968	3,591	51.99%	1,230	17.81%	2,086	30.20%
1964	3,133	61.58%	1,955	38.42%	0	0.00%
1960	3,597	70.14%	1,490	29.06%	41	0.80%
1956	3,294	66.91%	1,613	32.76%	16	0.33%
1952	3,317	67.45%	1,601	32.55%	0	0.00%
1948	2,278	62.53%	1,155	31.70%	210	5.76%
1944	2,570	71.81%	1,009	28.19%	0	0.00%
1940	2,653	62.84%	1,560	36.95%	9	0.21%
1936	1,380	50.13%	1,307	47.48%	66	2.40%
1932	1,058	52.14%	958	47.22%	13	0.64%
1928	1,995	73.37%	712	26.19%	12	0.44%
1924	1,616	60.37%	1,009	37.69%	52	1.94%
1920	3,112	71.61%	1,217	28.00%	17	0.39%
1916	1,387	57.72%	979	40.74%	37	1.54%
1912	473	21.73%	738	33.90%	966	44.37%

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Henderson County, Tennessee

References

1. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
3. W.C. Crooks, "Henderson County," Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved: October 17, 2013.
4. Regimental Histories of Tennessee Units During the War of 1812; refer to 1st infantry regiment under Col. William Metcalf. Accessed February 8, 2017.
5. "Tennessee Secession Referendum, 1861". Vote Archive.
6. "Tennessee Vote on Secession Convention, 1861". Fayetteville Observer. March 21, 1861.
7. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
8. "Monthly Climate Normals for Lexington, Tennessee". Applied Climate Information System. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
9. "Lexington, Tennessee Climate Classification". Weatherbase. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
10. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
11. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
12. Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
13. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
14. Based on 2000 census data
15. "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 8, 2021.
16. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved May 14, 2011.
17. Wright, John K.; ‘Voting Habits in the United States: A Note on Two Maps’; Geographical Review, vol. 22, no. 4 (October 1932), pp. 666-672
18. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 10, 2018.

External links

• Official site
• Henderson County Chamber of Commerce

35°39′N88°23′W / 35.65°N 88.39°W / 35.65; -88.39