Gymnastics is a type of sport that includes physical exercises requiring balance, strength, flexibility, agility, coordination, artistry and endurance. The movements involved in gymnastics contribute to the development of the arms, legs, shoulders, back, chest, and abdominal muscle groups. Gymnastics evolved from exercises used by the ancient Greeks that included skills for mounting and dismounting a horse, and from circus performance skills.
Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport in which gymnasts perform on a floor with an apparatus: hoop, ball, clubs, ribbon and rope. The sport combines elements of gymnastics, dance and calisthenics; gymnasts must be strong, flexible, agile, dexterous and coordinated. Rhythmic gymnastics is governed by the International Gymnastics Federation (FiG), which first recognized it as a sport in 1963. It became an Olympic sport in 1984, with an individual all-around event. The group all-around competition was added to the Olympics in 1996. At the international level, rhythmic gymnastics is a women-only sport. The most prestigious competitions, besides the Olympic Games, are the World Championships, World Games, European Championships, European Games, the World Cup Series and the Grand Prix Series. Gymnasts are judged on their artistry, execution of skills, and difficulty of skills, for which they gain points. They perform leaps, balances, and rotations along with handling the apparatus.
Artistic gymnastics is a discipline of gymnastics in which athletes perform short routines on different apparatuses. The sport is governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG), which assigns the Code of Points used to score performances and regulates all aspects of elite international competition. Within individual countries, gymnastics is regulated by national federations such as British Gymnastics and USA Gymnastics. Artistic gymnastics is a popular spectator sport at many competitions, including the Summer Olympic Games.
The Artistic Gymnastics World Championships are the world championships for artistic gymnastics governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). The first edition of the championships was held in 1903, exclusively for male gymnasts. Since the tenth edition of the tournament, in 1934, women's events are held together with men's events.
Monica Roberta Bergamelli is a former Italian artistic gymnast who represented Italy at the 2000, 2004, and 2008 Olympic Games. She was a member of the Italian team that won the gold medal at the 2006 European Championships.
The European Women's Gymnastics Championships are an artistic championships for female gymnasts from European countries organised by the European Union of Gymnastics. They are held annually, though rotate between two different formats.
The men's individual all-around competition was one of eight events for male competitors in artistic gymnastics at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. The qualification and final rounds took place on July 20, 22 and 24th at the Sports Palace of the Central Lenin Stadium. There were 65 competitors from 14 nations. Each nation could enter a team of 6 gymnasts or up to 3 individual gymnasts. The event was won by Alexander Dityatin of the Soviet Union, the nation's second consecutive and fifth overall victory in the event. It was the second of Dityatin's 8 total medals in 1980, a record that still stands through the 2016 Games. Dityatin's teammate, defending gold medalist Nikolai Andrianov, finished with the silver medal. Andrianov was the 10th man to win multiple medals in the event; he would also finish the 1980 Games with a total of 15 medals over all years—most among men at the time. Bronze went to Stoyan Deltchev of Bulgaria—the first medal in the event by a gymnast not from the Soviet Union or Japan since 1952. It was Bulgaria's first-ever medal in the men's all-around. Japan, which had joined the American-led 1980 Summer Olympics boycott and did not compete, had its six-Games podium streak ended.
Larisa Andreea Iordache is a Romanian former artistic gymnast. She represented Romania at the 2012 Olympic Games, winning a bronze medal with the team, and at the 2020 Olympic Games.
The European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships were first held in 1957.
Nikolai Yulievich Kuksenkov is a retired Russian gymnast who won a silver medal in the team event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He competed for Ukraine for many years and moved to Russia after the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where he placed fourth in the all-around and fourth with the team.
Oleg Yuriyovych Verniaiev is a Ukrainian artistic gymnast. He is the 2016 Olympic parallel bars champion and individual all-around silver medalist. Verniaiev is also the 2014 World parallel bars champion, the 2015 European individual all-around champion and the 2017 European individual all-around champion.
The Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup is a competition for rhythmic gymnastics sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). It is one of the few tournaments in rhythmic gymnastics officially organized by FIG, as well as the World Championships, the gymnastics competitions at the Olympic Games and the Youth Olympics, and the rhythmic gymnastics events at the World Games. The World Cup series should not be confused with the Rhythmic Gymnastics Grand Prix series, which is neither officially organized nor promoted by FIG.
Andreea Maria Iridon is a former Romanian artistic gymnast. She won a silver on balance beam and a bronze on uneven bars at the 2015 European Games. At the 2014 Junior European Championships Iridon won silvers on beam and floor, and a bronze with the team.
Loan Válerie His is a retired French artistic gymnast. She represented France at the 2016 Summer Olympics and helped the French team finish eleventh. She won a bronze medal with the French team at the 2016 European Championships. She also competed at the 2015 World Championships.
Ana Filipa da Silva Martins is a Portuguese artistic gymnast who competed at the 2016 and 2020 Olympic Games. She won a bronze medal at the 2015 Summer Universiade on the balance beam. She is the first Portuguese gymnast to win a World Cup gold medal.
Sergei "Seryoga" Sergeevich Naidin is a Russian artistic gymnast. He is the 2016 European Junior Pommel horse champion. On the national level, he is a two-time the 2016, 2018 Russian Junior National All-around champion.
Artur Grachyevich Dalaloyan born 26 April 1996 is a Russian artistic gymnast who represented ROC at the 2020 Summer Olympics. He was part of the teams who won gold at the 2020 Olympic Games and 2019 World Championships and silver at the 2018 World Championships. Individually Dalaloyan is the 2018 World All-Around Champion and the 2019 World All-Around silver medalist. He is a nine-time World medalist and a five-time European champion.
The 23rd European Men's Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held in Saint Petersburg, Russia from 30 April to 3 May 1998. This event was for male gymnasts in both senior and junior levels.
Zója Székely is a Hungarian artistic gymnast. She is the 2020 European silver medalist on the uneven bars and bronze medalist with the team.
Fanni Pigniczki is a Hungarian rhythmic gymnast.
