Chhattisgarhi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh, by 24 million people. It is an Eastern Hindi language and is part of the Central Indo-Aryan language family with heavy vocabulary and linguistic features from Munda and Dravidian languages. Chhattisgarhi is also known as Kosali and Eastern Hindi as in ancient times Chhattisgarh was in the region Dakshina Kosala region of ancient India. Chhattisgarhi has been known by the name Khaltahi to surrounding hill-people and by the name Laria to speakers in neighboring regions of Odisha to Chhattisgarh. The speakers are concentrated in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh and in adjacent areas of Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, and Jharkhand. Some Linguistics also treat this language and Nagpuri or Sadri languages as a dialect of Odia. Chhattisgarhi cultural and political movements, with origins from the 1920s, affirmed Chhattisgarhi linguistic and cultural identity and sought greater autonomy within India. It was 1 November, 2000 when 16 districts in the state of Madhya Pradesh became the new state of Chhattisgarh.
Hamirpur district is one of the 75 districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India and Hamirpur town is the district headquarters. Hamirpur district is a part of Chitrakoot Division. The district occupies an area of 4,121.9 km². The district has a population of 1,042,374. As of 2011 it is the third least populous district of Uttar Pradesh, after Mahoba and Chitrakoot. Two major rivers Yamuna and Betwa meet here. On the banks of river Betwa lies the "Coarse sand" which is exported to many parts in U.P.
Tamang is a term used to collectively refer to a dialect cluster spoken mainly in Nepal, Sikkim, West Bengal, some parts of Assam and North East Region. It comprises Eastern Tamang, Northwestern Tamang, Southwestern Tamang, Eastern Gorkha Tamang, and Western Tamang. Lexical similarity between Eastern Tamang and other Tamang languages varies between 81% to 63%. For comparison, lexical similarity between Spanish and Portuguese, is estimated at 89%. Tamang likely split from the Tibetan languages some time before the 7th century.
Anal, also known as Namfau after the two principal villages it is spoken in, is a Northern Naga language, part of the Sino-Tibetan language family, spoken by the Anal people in India and a dwindling number in Burma. It had 83,000 speakers in India according to the 2001 census, and 55000 in Burma in 2010. It has two principal dialects, Laizo and Malshom, and is closest to Lamkang. The language of wider communication is Meithei. Langet may be a dialect, though its position within Kukish is uncertain . Anal is written in the Latin script, with a literacy rate of about 87%.
Thadou is a Northern Kuki-Chin language spoken widely in the northeastern part of India and Burma, as well as the Bangladesh borders. It is spoken by people in Myanmar, mostly in the Chin State and Sagiang Division. The Thadou language is known by many names, including Thado, Thado-Pao, Thado, Thadou-kuki, Chin, and Thādo-pao. There are a few dialects of this language : Hangshing, Khongsai, Kipgen, Saimar, Langiung, Sairang, Thangngeo, Haokip, Sitlhou, Singson(Shingsol). These dialects are taught in Manipur schools, however, those outside the school, such as elders, are less familiar with them. The Saimar dialect was reported in the Indian press in 2012 to be spoken by only four people in one village in the state of Tripura. The variety spoken in Manipur has partial mutual intelligibility with the other Kukish varieties of the area including Paite, Hmar, Vaiphei, Simte, Kom and Gangte languages. Although this language is spoken in various areas, it is not utilized as much today. As of a 2001 census, the estimated total number of Thadou-Kuki speakers is 269,200. The language is rapidly becoming endangered.
Phom is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Phom people of Nagaland, northeastern India. Phom is spoken in 36 villages of Longleng District, northeastern Nagaland (Ethnologue).
The (Uipo) Khoibu u: ɪ p əʊ - are one of the oldest communities of Manipur. They call themselves "Uipo". Neighbouring Tangkhul villagers call them ‘Apo’. Marings call the "Uipowaa". They were called ‘Upong’ in the Inthee basin civilization.
Zeme is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in northeastern India. It is part of a dialect continuum that includes Rongmei and Liangmei.
Kom is a Kuki-Chin language of India. Kohlreng is usually considered a dialect of Kom, but may be a distinct language. Speakers of Kom live in the hilly provinces of Northeastern India. The dialect of Manipur has at least partial mutual intelligibility with the other Kukish dialects of the area, including Thadou, Hmar, Vaiphei, Simte, Paite, and Gangte languages. Aimol, Koireng and Chiru speakers also understand Kom.
Yimchungrü, also Yachumi (Yatsumi) in Sema, is a Sino-Tibetan language of the Ao branch spoken in northeast India by the Yimchunger Naga people. It is spoken between Namchik and Patkoi in Tuensang district, northern Nagaland, India. Yimchungrü is spoken by around 80,000 people in about 100 villages.
Pochuri, or Pochuri Naga, is an Angami–Pochuri language spoken in Nagaland, India.
Tiwa or Lalung, is a Tibeto-Burman or Sino-Tibetan language of Assam in North East India.
Lamkang is one of the Naga tribes of Manipur, India, with one village in Burma. The Lamkangs are mostly settled in the southwest and southeastern parts of Manipur. The language has been influenced by the state language Meitei as the people have been in contact with Meiteis, and as Meitei is used as a lingua franca among local tribes. There are current language documentation efforts by native speakers including Bible Translation by Mr. Swamy Tholung Ksen under the Bibles International, Pautum Ren the collection of traditional stories songs Children's story book Knao Bu Then, Naoluwng Paomin, published by SIL, and the Universal Declaration Of Human Rights (UDHR) and United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) translated by Sumshot Khular, and videography of traditional dances and stories and work on creating a standard orthography.
Aimol (Aimal) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Aimol people of Manipur, India. It is considered endangered and has less than 6,000 speakers worldwide.
Chothe is a Kuki-Chin language of India. It may be intelligible with Aimol.
Tarao, or Taraotrong, is an unclassified Tibeto-Burman language of Burma. It is marginally (70%) intelligible with Chothe.
Moyon is a Kuki-Chin-Naga language. It is spoken in Manipur, India and Burma.
Chakpikarong is a town and subdivision of Chandel district of Manipur state in northeastern India. The Anaal tribe is the majority in this region. Its history is deeply rooted with the history of the state. The literacy rate have boomed up in the recent years as transportation have developed.
Kharam is a Kuki-Chin language of India. However, speakers consider themselves to be ethnic Naga people, rather than part of the Kuki and Chin ethnic groups. Peterson (2017) classifies the closely related Purum language as part of the Northwestern branch of Kuki-Chin. According Ethnologue, Kharam shares a high degree of mutual intelligibility with Purum.
