Moynihan Train Hall

Last updated

Moynihan Train Hall
Moynihan Train Hall interior, Dec 27 2022.jpg
The train hall in December 2022
Building James A. Farley Building
Location421 8th Avenue, New York City
Coordinates 40°45′04″N73°59′43″W / 40.75111°N 73.99528°W / 40.75111; -73.99528
Area255,000 sq ft (23,700 m2)
31,000 sq ft (2,900 m2) hall
Purpose Headhouse and concourse
Owner State of New York
Operator Amtrak, Long Island Rail Road, NJ Transit
Future: Metro-North Railroad
DedicatedJanuary 1, 2021
Named for Daniel Patrick Moynihan
Architect Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
Website moynihantrainhall.nyc

Moynihan Train Hall is an expansion of Pennsylvania Station, the main intercity and commuter rail station in New York City, into the city's former main post office building, the James A. Farley Building. Located between Eighth Avenue, Ninth Avenue, 31st Street, and 33rd Street in Midtown Manhattan, the annex provides new access to most of Penn Station's platforms for Amtrak and Long Island Rail Road passengers, serving 17 of the station's 21 tracks. The hall is named after Daniel Patrick Moynihan, the U.S. senator who had originally championed the plan. The building's Beaux-Arts exterior resembles that of the original Penn Station; both buildings were designed by the architectural firm of McKim, Mead & White.

The 486,000 sq ft (45,200 m2) complex was built to alleviate congestion in Penn Station, which saw 650,000 daily riders before the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The $1.6 billion renovation restored the Beaux-Arts Farley Building, a designated landmark, and added a central atrium with a glass roof. Moynihan Train Hall includes retail space, a 320-seat waiting area for ticket-holding passengers, and public restrooms. The hall is decorated with three artworks: a ceiling triptych named Go , a group of photographic panels, and a sculptural group.

The project had been in consideration since the early 1990s, with the first blueprints made public in 1993. However, several previous plans had failed because of a lack of funding and logistical difficulties. Amtrak withdrew as a tenant in 2004, but returned after the Farley Building was sold to the New York state government in 2006. A first phase, involving an expansion of a concourse under the Farley Building, started in 2010 and was completed in June 2017. Construction of the train hall proper commenced in 2017, and it opened January 1, 2021.

Description

Entering the Hall from Penn Station Entering the Moynihan Train Hall from the A-C-E side, Aug 11 2022.jpg
Entering the Hall from Penn Station

Moynihan Train Hall occupies part of the James A. Farley Building, a Beaux-Arts structure designed by McKim, Mead & White alongside the original Penn Station, and opened in 1914 as New York City's main post office. [2] The building occupies the block across Eighth Avenue from the current Penn Station facilities, and is bounded by Eighth Avenue to the east, 31st Street to the south, Ninth Avenue to the west, and 33rd Street to the north. [3] The James A. Farley Building is a New York City designated landmark [4] and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. [5] The train hall occupies a portion of the post office's mail sorting hall, [6] while most of the rest of the building is leased by Meta Platforms as office space. [7] [8]

Components

Headhouse clock Moynihan Train Hall - 50787690032.jpg
Headhouse clock

The 486,000 sq ft (45,200 m2) complex was designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM). It consists of a 31,000 sq ft (2,900 m2) passenger concourse [9] underneath a 92 ft (28 m) tall glass skylight. [10] [11] A four-faced clock, measuring 12 feet (3.7 m) tall and more than 6 feet (1.8 m) across each of its sides, is at the center of the passenger concourse. [11] The hall also includes 120,000 sq ft (11,000 m2) of retail space. [7] Moynihan Train Hall contains passenger facilities for Amtrak, its primary tenant. These include a ticketing and baggage area, a waiting lounge, conference spaces, and a balcony 20 ft (6.1 m) above the hall. [12]

As part of the Moynihan Train Hall Public Art Program, several pieces of temporary and permanent artwork are presented at the hall, including video art on digital advertising screens. [13] The space contains three permanent artworks. Kehinde Wiley designed a stained-glass triptych on the ceiling, named Go. Along an 80-foot (24 m) stretch of wall, Stan Douglas's photographic panels, Penn Station's Half Century, depicts passengers of the original Penn Station. [11] [14] [15] At the 31st Street entrance, Elmgreen & Dragset created a sculptural group, The Hive, that depicts skyscrapers hanging from the ceiling. [11] [14] [15]

The hall's skylight The 92 Foot High Skylight, supported by the original steel trusses circa 1912.jpg
The hall's skylight

Part of the Moynihan Train Hall project is an expansion of the preexisting West End Concourse under the eastern side of the Farley Building. [16] Located under the grand staircase of the post office, the concourse was widened to serve nine of Pennsylvania Station's 11 platforms, and new street entrances were opened from the southeast and northeast corners of the Farley Building. [17] [18] The concourse, which was constructed in 1994 as part of a renovation to the LIRR's section of Penn Station, [19] provides access to the seventeen tracks served by Moynihan Train Hall. [16] [20] Its walls are decorated with depictions of New York City buildings and landscapes. [21] The West End Concourse expansion, which was completed in 2017, was the first part of Moynihan Train Hall to be completed. [22]

Service

Waiting room within the hall Moynihan Train Hall waiting room, Apr 18 2022.jpg
Waiting room within the hall

Because of the layout of the platforms, Moynihan Train Hall serves 17 of Penn Station's 21 tracks, which are used by Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) and Amtrak. Platforms serving the southernmost four tracks, used by NJ Transit, could not be extended to the new facility. Moynihan Train Hall provides access to all LIRR and Amtrak services, with customer service facilities for both railroads. The existing station house continues to provide alternate access to the LIRR and Amtrak, particularly at night, when Moynihan Train Hall is closed. [23] [24] Plans also call for the facility to serve the Metro-North Railroad, the main commuter railroad for New York City's northern suburbs, when the Penn Station Access project is complete. [25]

The completion of the hall increased the amount of space in Penn Station's concourse by 50%. [7] [10] The train hall will alleviate congestion in Penn Station, which saw 650,000 daily riders before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. [7] [26] When the hall opened, officials anticipated it to be used primarily by Amtrak passengers, which accounted for about five percent of daily ridership prior to the pandemic. The majority of LIRR, NJ Transit, and New York City Subway customers were expected to continue using the old passenger facilities, which are closer to the adjoining subway stations at Seventh Avenue and Eighth Avenue. [27]

Planning

1990s

Proposed designs throughout the development process, from 1999 (left), 2005 (middle), and 2006 (right) Proposed designs for Moynihan Station.jpg
Proposed designs throughout the development process, from 1999 (left), 2005 (middle), and 2006 (right)

In the early 1990s, U.S. senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan began championing a plan to rebuild a replica of the historic Penn Station, in which he had shined shoes during the Great Depression. [28] [29] He proposed rebuilding the station in the Farley Post Office building. [30] At the time, existing facilities at Penn Station were overcrowded and the United States Postal Service (USPS) was planning to relocate much of its operations from the Farley Post Office. [31] Hellmuth, Obata & Kassabaum (HOK)'s plan, which was made public in May 1993, called for a 120-foot parabolic arched roof, rising above a passenger concourse within the post office's old sorting room. [32] Moynihan sought $100 million for the project, and U.S. president Bill Clinton included $10 million in federal money for the station as part of a bill to provide relief for victims of the 1994 Northridge earthquake. [33] However, the House of Representatives would not approve any more funding, [34] and the Senate only approved $40 million, bringing the total amount raised to $50 million. [35] Opponents, including representatives Frank R. Wolf and Harris W. Fawell, said that the funds had not been authorized in Amtrak's budget, and expressed concern that the city and state might not be able to raise matching funds. The $10 million appropriation was used to fund design work, and the additional $40 million was used to buy supplies and renovate existing facilities. [33]

The Empire State Development Corporation, an agency of the New York state government, created the Pennsylvania Station Redevelopment Corporation in 1995 to oversee the purchase and renovation of the building. The corporation, led by a bipartisan group of New York state government officials, initially had $300,000, but raised $670 million within ten years. [36] Officials of the corporation were reviewing plans by 1998, when the Clinton administration included $11.7 million for the project in a budget submitted to Congress. [37] By that March, officials had formed an agreement in which the USPS would retain its operations in part of the Farley Building while giving over another portion to the new train hall. [38] Three months later, the Pennsylvania Station Redevelopment Corporation selected SOM and Parsons Brinckerhoff to lead the engineering team that would design and build Penn Station facilities within the Farley Building. [39]

An agreement on the general layout was reached in December 1998. At the time, the train hall was projected to open in December 2002 at a cost of $315 million. [40] David Childs of SOM presented another design for the Farley train hall. [41] [42] Childs's design would have involved demolishing the post office's sorting room floor and replacing it with a multilevel concourse that allowed views of the tracks. A skylight would have been installed; the original trusses of the roof would have been preserved, and the remainder of the roof would have been taken apart. An intermodal hall would have extended from 31st to 33rd Street, bisecting the Farley Building. [41] [43] [44] : 26, 29  One wall of the intermodal hall would have included a curved truss measuring 150 feet (46 m) high. [42] The Farley project was expected to cost $488 million; the city government only offered $25 million, and New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani expressed concerns that the project could encounter cost overruns. [45] Congress provided $60 million in additional funding later in 1999. [46] U.S. senator Charles Schumer had unsuccessfully sponsored a bill that May, which would have formally named the facility "Daniel Patrick Moynihan Station", in honor of his colleague who was retiring. [47]

2000s

By February 2000, the budget had increased to $788 million, of which $188 million would be required for upgrades to existing infrastructure. At the time, construction was expected to start later the same year. [48] In early 2001, the Staubach Company and Fraport were selected to develop the Farley train hall as a joint venture; the start of construction had been pushed back yet again to late 2001. [49] The USPS had pledged a $150 million contribution to the Farley project, but was facing financial problems by June 2001. Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, the USPS halted funding for capital improvements to its facilities, although the agency maintained that it was still interested. [50] The USPS facility at 90 Church Street in Lower Manhattan had been damaged by the attacks, and many of 90 Church Street's operations had been moved to the Farley Building. [51] Negotiations resumed in mid-2002. [52] By that October, the New York state government had arranged to buy the Farley Building from the USPS for $230 million, with the USPS vacating much of the building. [53] [54]

Amtrak was intended to be Moynihan Station's main tenant, but withdrew in 2004, citing that it could not pay rent at the new station because of financial shortfalls. [55] State officials continued to search for partners in the train hall development, and had selected two anchor retail tenants by that October. [56] Another plan was presented by James Carpenter Design Associates, in collaboration with HOK, in 2005. The Carpenter and HOK plan simplified the concourse into a single level and added numerous skylights, reminiscent of the original Penn Station. This plan would have involved turning part of the post office building into a hotel with windows overlooking the interior courtyard. [57]

NJ Transit would have replaced Amtrak as the main tenant. This plan for Moynihan Station would have cost $818 million and contained 300,000 square feet (28,000 m2) for rail uses, 850,000 square feet (79,000 m2) for retail, and 250,000 square feet (23,000 m2) for the post office. [58] [59] The Empire State Development Corporation selected Vornado Realty Trust and The Related Companies to operate the retail space. [60] [61] The project would be constructed in conjunction with the Access to the Region's Core project, which would have expanded NJ Transit service under the Hudson River. [62] The 14th Dalai Lama, a longtime friend of Moynihan, expressed support for Moynihan Station. [59] [63]

The Farley Post Office building was sold to the New York state government in 2006 in the hope that Moynihan's vision would be realized. [64] Support also grew for "Plan B", an expansion of the project's scope, under which Madison Square Garden, which is directly atop Penn Station, would have been moved to the west flank of the Farley Building, allowing Vornado Realty to construct an office complex on the current Garden site. [65] By 2009, the Garden's owner Cablevision had decided to renovate its current location instead of relocating the arena. [66] That September, after months of negotiations involving Senator Chuck Schumer, New York governor David Paterson, and PANYNJ Executive Director Christopher O. Ward, Amtrak agreed to return as a potential tenant. In exchange, some aspects of the design were changed, and Amtrak was to take a part of the retail revenue. [67] [68]

Construction

Phase 1

New passageway as part of Phase 1 Moynihan Train Hall - Phase 1 Penn Station - Interior.jpg
New passageway as part of Phase 1
Entrances on Eighth Avenue, seen in 2017 New LIRR PO entrance 2017-06 jeh.jpg
Entrances on Eighth Avenue, seen in 2017

Some $169 million provided by federal and state sources was already in place [69] when a Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery (TIGER) Grant arrived in early 2010. [70] This money was used to pay for the $267 million Phase 1; most of the remaining funds came from $83.4 million of stimulus money from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Phase 1 consisted of the two fully-designed elements of the plan: an extended underground West End Concourse for the Long Island Rail Road and two entrances to the existing Penn Station platforms through the Farley Building on Eighth Avenue. [71] [72] [73] A groundbreaking ceremony took place on October 18, 2010. [74] [75] [76]

In May 2012, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) announced that a $270 million contract for the first phase, including the concourse expansion under 8th Avenue, had been awarded. [75] [77] The $147.7 million construction contract for the expansion of the existing concourse was awarded to Skanska USA Civil Northeast. [73] [78] The work consisted of adding stairs, escalators, and elevators to the concourse. [16] The West End Concourse was projected to be completed in September 2016, and was projected to meet that schedule as late as one month before that deadline. However, the opening was delayed because the New York state government decided to upgrade digital information boards and other technology in the concourse just before it was completed. [79] [80] The West End Concourse finally opened in June 2017. [18] [22] [81]

Phase 2

Phase 2 consists of the new train hall in the fully renovated Farley Building. In December 2011, Amtrak said that it would likely be unable to afford increased operating costs if it should re-locate. The unsuccessful application left the project unfunded. The agency redeveloping the building was being folded into the PANYNJ in the belief that it can better handle and oversee reconstruction as well as provide or secure money. [82]

When it was first proposed, Phase 2 was expected to cost up to $1.5 billion. [83] In January 2016, New York governor Cuomo announced plans for a combined Penn-Farley Post Office complex, a project estimated to cost $3 billion. [84] [85] SOM announced in a press release that it had decided to resume work on the train hall. [86] At that time, the project was renamed Moynihan Train Hall. [87] [88] By September 2016, Phase 2 was expected to cost $1.6 billion. The project was to be built by Skanska AB, and the retail space would be developed by The Related Companies and Vornado Realty. [6] The companies signed a contract in June 2017. [89] Vornado and Related leased the building for 99 years, and in exchange, contributed $630 million to the hall's construction. [27] [89] Public sources raised the remainder: $550 million from the New York state government, and $420 million from Amtrak, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, and a federal grant. [23] [89]

Blue Bottle Coffee stand in Moynihan Station, seen in 2021 Blue Bottle Coffee Moynihan Station NY.jpg
Blue Bottle Coffee stand in Moynihan Station, seen in 2021

In August 2017, a groundbreaking ceremony was held for the train hall. [90] The work involved the restoration of the Farley Building's 200,000-square-foot (19,000 m2) facade, protected as a city and national landmark. [11] State officials aimed to complete the project by the end of 2020, under the leadership of Moynihan Station Development Corporation president Michael Evans. The state continued to push for a timely completion despite last-minute requests and budget issues, and the stresses of the project may have led Evans to kill himself in March 2020. [91] In spite of the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Moynihan Train Hall was completed by the end of that year. [92]

Opening and further changes

An opening ceremony for the hall was held on December 30, 2020. [93] [94] Upon the completion of the project, New York governor Andrew Cuomo called it a "monumental accomplishment". [26] [28] The train hall opened to the public on January 1, 2021, two days after the opening ceremony. [95] [96] By early 2022, many of the shops in Moynihan Train Hall's food hall had opened. [97] [98] Within three years of the hall's opening, its eateries included a craft brewery within Amtrak's portion of the hall [99] [100] and an outpost of The Dead Rabbit pub. [101] The hall also became a popular meeting spot for K-pop dance clubs. [102]

On January 11, 2021, Cuomo announced a proposal to connect the High Line linear park, two blocks west, to the Moynihan Train Hall. The connection would include a 1,200-foot (370 m) spur, which would run along 30th Street and Dyer Avenue to Manhattan West, across Ninth Avenue from the train hall. At the time of the spur's announcement, it was estimated to cost $60 million, but was not funded. [103] [104] As of September 2021, the project was funded and was projected to be completed in early 2023. [105] [106] The Moynihan Connector opened on June 22, 2023. [107]

Reception

Moynihan Train Hall holiday lights display in 2021 Moynihan Train Hall Holiday Lights 2021.jpg
Moynihan Train Hall holiday lights display in 2021

In May 2022, the project received the American Council of Engineering Companies' Grand Conceptor Award, for the year's most outstanding engineering project. [108] In June 2022, Open House New York conferred its 2022 Open City Award to the Moynihan Train Hall Team, which includes primary client Empire State Development in a public-private partnership with Vornado Realty Trust, architect Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, WSP USA (construction management), Skanska USA (construction), Severud Associates (structural engineering), Jaros, Baum & Bolles (MEP/FP/IT/Telecom), Langan (civil/geotechnical engineering) and several other specialty designers and contractors. [109]

The Moynihan Train Hall has been criticized for its lack of public seating in the main areas. [110] [111] Only the ticketed waiting areas contain seats. Passengers in the main hall sometimes sit on the floor while waiting for trains, which security officers sometimes prohibit. [110] [112] Officials have stated the lack of seating is designed for improving the "circulation" of people, but critics have argued it is hostile architecture to keep away the homeless. [112] In the year after the Moynihan Train Hall opened, several politicians, including U.S. representative Jerrold Nadler and Manhattan borough president Mark Levine, advocated for the MTA and Amtrak to install seats in the main portion of the hall. [113] The hall's lack of large central signage, and the fact that it did not actually increase Penn Station's track capacity, have also been criticized. [114]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Madison Square Garden</span> Multi-purpose indoor arena in New York City, U.S.

Madison Square Garden, colloquially known as the Garden or by its initials MSG, is a multi-purpose indoor arena in New York City. It is located in Midtown Manhattan between Seventh and Eighth avenues from 31st to 33rd streets above Pennsylvania Station. It is the fourth venue to bear the name "Madison Square Garden"; the first two, opened in 1879 and 1890 respectively, were located on Madison Square, on East 26th Street and Madison Avenue, with the third Madison Square Garden (1925) farther uptown at Eighth Avenue and 50th Street.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New York Penn Station</span> Major rail hub in New York City

Pennsylvania Station is the main intercity railroad station in New York City and the busiest transportation facility in the Western Hemisphere, serving more than 600,000 passengers per weekday as of 2019. The station is located beneath Madison Square Garden in the block bounded by Seventh and Eighth Avenues and 31st and 33rd Streets and in the James A. Farley Building, with additional exits to nearby streets, in Midtown Manhattan. It is close to several popular Manhattan locations, including Herald Square, the Empire State Building, Koreatown, and Macy's Herald Square.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grand Central Terminal</span> Railway terminal in Manhattan, New York

Grand Central Terminal is a commuter rail terminal located at 42nd Street and Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Grand Central is the southern terminus of the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem, Hudson and New Haven Lines, serving the northern parts of the New York metropolitan area. It also contains a connection to the Long Island Rail Road through the Grand Central Madison station, a 16-acre (65,000 m2) rail terminal underneath the Metro-North station, built from 2007 to 2023. The terminal also connects to the New York City Subway at Grand Central–42nd Street station. The terminal is the third-busiest train station in North America, after New York Penn Station and Toronto Union Station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northeast Corridor</span> Electrified railroad line in the Northeastern U.S.

The Northeast Corridor (NEC) is an electrified railroad line in the Northeast megalopolis of the United States. Owned primarily by Amtrak, it runs from Boston in the north to Washington, D.C., in the south, with major stops in Providence, New Haven, Stamford, New York City, Newark, Trenton, Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore. The NEC is roughly paralleled by Interstate 95 for most of its length. Carrying more than 2,200 trains a day, it is the busiest passenger rail line in the United States by ridership and service frequency.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Times Square–42nd Street station</span> New York City Subway station in Manhattan

The Times Square–42nd Street station is a major New York City Subway station complex located under Times Square, at the intersection of 42nd Street, Seventh Avenue, and Broadway, in Midtown Manhattan. The complex allows free transfers between the IRT 42nd Street Shuttle, the BMT Broadway Line, the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line and the IRT Flushing Line, as well as to the IND Eighth Avenue Line a block west at 42nd Street–Port Authority Bus Terminal. The complex is served by the 1, 2, 3, 7, N and Q trains at all times, the W train during weekdays; the R and 42nd Street Shuttle (S) trains at all times except late nights; and <7> trains during rush hours in the peak direction. A free passageway from the shuttle platform to the 42nd Street–Bryant Park/Fifth Avenue station, served by the 7, <7>​​, B, ​D, ​F, <F>, and ​M trains, is open during the day from 6 a.m. to 12 a.m.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grand Central–42nd Street station</span> New York City Subway station in Manhattan

The Grand Central–42nd Street station is a major station complex of the New York City Subway. Located in Midtown Manhattan at 42nd Street between Madison and Lexington Avenues, it serves trains on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line, the IRT Flushing Line and the 42nd Street Shuttle. The complex is served by the 4, 6, and 7 trains at all times; the 5 and 42nd Street Shuttle (S) trains at all times except late nights; the <6> train during weekdays in the peak direction; and the <7> train during rush hours and early evenings in the peak direction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">66th Street–Lincoln Center station</span> New York City Subway station in Manhattan

The 66th Street–Lincoln Center station is a local station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of 66th Street and Broadway in the Lincoln Square neighborhood of Manhattan, it is served by the 1 train at all times and by the 2 train during late nights.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James A. Farley Building</span> Historic post office in Manhattan, New York

The James A. Farley Building is a mixed-use structure in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, which formerly served as the city's main United States Postal Service (USPS) branch. Designed by McKim, Mead & White in the Beaux-Arts style, the structure was built between 1911 and 1914, with an annex constructed between 1932 and 1935. The Farley Building, at 421 Eighth Avenue between 31st Street and 33rd Street in Midtown Manhattan, faces Pennsylvania Station and Madison Square Garden to the east.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">34th Street–Penn Station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)</span> New York City Subway station in Manhattan

34th Street–Penn Station is an express station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of 34th Street and Seventh Avenue in the Midtown neighborhood of Manhattan, it is served by the 1 and 2 trains at all times, and the 3 train at all times except late nights. Connections are available to the LIRR, NJ Transit and Amtrak at Pennsylvania Station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">High Line</span> Linear park in New York City

The High Line is a 1.45-mile-long (2.33 km) elevated linear park, greenway, and rail trail created on a former New York Central Railroad spur on the west side of Manhattan in New York City. The High Line's design is a collaboration between James Corner Field Operations, Diller Scofidio + Renfro, and Piet Oudolf. The abandoned spur has been redesigned as a "living system" drawing from multiple disciplines which include landscape architecture, urban design, and ecology. The High Line was inspired by the 4.7 km (2.9 mi) long Coulée verte, another elevated park in Paris completed in 1993.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">34th Street–Penn Station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)</span> New York City Subway station in Manhattan

34th Street–Penn Station is an express station on the IND Eighth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway, located at the intersection of 34th Street and Eighth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan. It is served by the A and E trains at all times, and by the C train at all times except late nights. The station is adjacent to Pennsylvania Station, the busiest railroad station in the United States as well as a major transfer point to Amtrak, NJ Transit, and the Long Island Rail Road.

East Side Access (ESA) is a public works project in New York City that extended the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) two miles from its Main Line in Queens to the new Grand Central Madison station under Grand Central Terminal on Manhattan's East Side. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) project was originally scheduled to open in 2009 but was delayed by more than a decade. The new station and tunnels opened with limited service to Jamaica station in Queens on January 25, 2023, before full service began on February 27, 2023. The estimated cost of the project rose over threefold from US$3.5 billion to US$11.1 billion as of April 2018, making it one of the world's most expensive underground rail-construction projects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">East River Tunnels</span> Tunnel under the East River in New York City

The East River Tunnels are four single-track railroad passenger service tunnels that extend from the eastern end of Pennsylvania Station under 32nd and 33rd Streets in Manhattan and cross the East River to Long Island City in Queens. The tracks carry Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) and Amtrak trains travelling to and from Penn Station and points to the north and east. The tracks also carry New Jersey Transit trains deadheading to Sunnyside Yard. They are part of Amtrak's Northeast Corridor, used by trains traveling between New York City and New England via the Hell Gate Bridge.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North River Tunnels</span> Rail tunnels in New York and New Jersey

The North River Tunnels are a pair of rail tunnels that carry Amtrak and New Jersey Transit passenger lines under the Hudson River between Weehawken, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania Station in Manhattan, New York City, New York. Built between 1904 and 1908 by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) to allow its trains to reach Manhattan, they opened for service in late 1910.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Elizabeth station (NJ Transit)</span> NJ Transit rail station

Elizabeth is a New Jersey Transit station in Midtown in Elizabeth, Union County, New Jersey, 15.4 miles (24.8 km) southwest of New York Penn Station on the Northeast Corridor. It is between Broad Street and West Grand Street on an embankment and viaduct. This station is often called Broad Street Elizabeth to distinguish it from North Elizabeth station. A number of bus lines have stops nearby. The station is next to the former Central Railroad of New Jersey station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gateway Program (Northeast Corridor)</span> Planned expansion of the U.S. Northeast Corridor

The Gateway Program is a ongoing expansion and renovation of the Northeast Corridor (NEC) rail line between Newark, New Jersey, and New York City along the right-of-way between Newark Penn Station and New York Penn Station. The project is intended to build new rail bridges in the New Jersey Meadowlands, dig a new set of tunnels under Bergen Hill and the Hudson River, rehabilitate the existing 1910 tunnel, and construct a new terminal annex. The improvements are designed to double train capacity and permit more high-speed rail service along the current right-of-way, whose two-track rail line, used both by Amtrak and NJ Transit Rail Operations (NJT), has reached its full capacity of 24 trains per hour.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pennsylvania Station (1910–1963)</span> Former train station in New York City

Pennsylvania Station was a historic railroad station in New York City that was built for, named after, and originally occupied by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR). The station occupied an 8-acre (3.2 ha) plot bounded by Seventh and Eighth Avenues and 31st and 33rd Streets in Midtown Manhattan. Because the station shared its name with several stations in other cities, it was sometimes called New York Pennsylvania Station. Originally completed in 1910, the aboveground portions of the building were demolished between 1963 and 1966, and the underground concourses and platforms were heavily renovated to form the current Pennsylvania Station within the same footprint.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Penn Station Access</span> Public works project in New York City

Penn Station Access (PSA) is a public works project underway by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority in New York City. The goal of the project is to allow Metro-North Railroad commuter trains to access Penn Station on Manhattan's West Side, using existing trackage owned by Amtrak. Metro-North trains currently terminate exclusively at Grand Central in Midtown Manhattan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Grand Central Terminal</span> History of a New York City commuter rail station

Grand Central Terminal is a major commuter rail terminal in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, serving the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem, Hudson and New Haven Lines. It is the most recent of three functionally similar buildings on the same site. The current structure was built by and named for the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, though it also served the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. Passenger service has continued under the successors of the New York Central and New Haven railroads.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grand Central Tower</span> Proposed building in New York City

Grand Central Tower was a scrapped proposal by Penn Central to have a skyscraper built on top of Grand Central Terminal in 1968. It was designed by Marcel Breuer and would have been 950 feet (290 m) tall. The plan itself drew major opposition from the public and architects, especially from Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, as it would have resulted in the destruction of the terminal. The plan was scrapped after it was settled in a court case in 1978, which meant Penn Central could not build the tower.

References

  1. ↑ "Penn Station Track System". Amtrak. May 2017. Archived from the original on July 15, 2017. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
  2. ↑ "Postmaster's New Office.; Executive Department Will Move to Thirty-first St. And Eighth Av". The New York Times. September 2, 1914. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
  3. ↑ "NYCityMap". NYC.gov. New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications. Archived from the original on February 19, 2021. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
  4. ↑ "United States General Post Office" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. May 17, 1966. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  5. ↑ "National Register Information System – United States General Post Office (#73002257)". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  6. 1 2 Bagli, Charles V. (September 27, 2016). "Cuomo's Vision for Revamped Penn Station: New Home for Amtrak and L.I.R.R." The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 7, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Young, Liz (December 28, 2020). "Moynihan Train Hall will open this week after $1.6 billion renovation project, Cuomo announces". New York Business Journal. Archived from the original on December 28, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  8. ↑ Haag, Matthew (August 3, 2020). "Facebook Bets Big on Future of N.Y.C., and Offices, With New Lease". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
  9. ↑ Pearson, Clifford A. (January 15, 2021). "Moynihan Train Hall Expands New York's Penn Station". Architectural Record. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved January 29, 2021.
  10. 1 2 "Moynihan Train Hall Set to Open December 31". Spectrum News NY1 | New York City. December 27, 2020. Archived from the original on April 19, 2021. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Searcey, Dionne (December 30, 2020). "Let There Be Light, and Art, in the Moynihan Train Hall". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  12. ↑ Chan, Justin (January 30, 2019). "Amtrak Reveals Designs of Customer Space at Moynihan Train Hall by FXCollaborative". Architectural Record. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  13. ↑ Gopnik, Blake (November 1, 2023). "In Public Art, Sometimes Subtlety Just Doesn't Cut It". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved November 10, 2023.
  14. 1 2 Davis-Marks, Isis (December 31, 2020). "See the Stunning Art Set to Welcome Travelers Back to Penn Station". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on April 19, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  15. 1 2 Weaver, Shaye (December 30, 2020). "Three 'astonishing' works of art are inside the new Moynihan Train Hall". Time Out New York. Archived from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  16. 1 2 3 Higgs, Larry (August 12, 2016). "The set of stairs that could change your commute forever". NJ Advance. Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  17. ↑ "A Message from the President of Moynihan Station Development Corporation". Empire State Development. Archived from the original on March 23, 2011. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
  18. 1 2 Brenzel, Kathryn (June 15, 2017). "First phase of Moynihan Train Hall project opens on Eighth Ave". The Real Deal New York. Archived from the original on April 19, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  19. ↑ Castillo, Alfonso A. (July 1, 2012). "LIRR plans major Penn Station makeover". Newsday. Archived from the original on July 5, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  20. ↑ Sayer, Jason (June 22, 2017). "New Penn Station concourse is now open to the public". The Architect’s Newspaper. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  21. ↑ Schulz, Dana (June 15, 2017). "First look: See inside Penn Station's brand new West End Concourse". 6sqft. Archived from the original on April 21, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  22. 1 2 Martinez, Jose (June 15, 2017). "New Penn Station Entrance Part of Bigger Plan to Revamp Rail Hub". Spectrum News NY1 | New York City. Archived from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  23. 1 2 Goldman, Harry (December 28, 2020). "NYC's Penn Station Expansion Remakes a Depot People Love to Hate". Bloomberg.com . Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  24. ↑ Guse, Clayton (June 20, 2017). "Penn Station is officially getting a massive expansion". Time Out New York. Archived from the original on April 19, 2021. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
  25. ↑ Kimmelman, Michael (January 11, 2021). "Moynihan Train Hall: It's Stunning. And, a First Step". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  26. 1 2 Coburn, Jesse (December 28, 2020). "NYC's Moynihan Train Hall a bright alternative to Penn Station in 2021". Newsday. Archived from the original on April 20, 2021. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  27. 1 2 Goldbaum, Christina (December 30, 2020). "New Train Hall Opens at Penn Station, Echoing Building's Former Glory". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 18, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  28. 1 2 Hsu, Cindy (December 30, 2020). "Gov. Andrew Cuomo Cuts Ribbon On Moynihan Train Hall, Says Its Opening Is A Hopeful Sign For 2021". CBS New York – Breaking News, Sports, Weather, Traffic And The Best of NY. Archived from the original on January 2, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  29. ↑ "Moynihan Train Hall On Track For 2020". amNewYork. September 29, 2016. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  30. ↑ Kusisto, Laura; Brown, Eliot (March 3, 2014). "New York State Pushes for Penn Station Plan". Wall Street Journal. ISSN   0099-9660. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  31. ↑ Dao, James (May 13, 1992). "Amtrak's Envious Look at Post Office". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  32. ↑ Dunlap, David W. (May 2, 1993). "Amtrak Unveils Its Design To Transform Post Office". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  33. 1 2 Purdum, Todd S. (September 21, 1994). "A Rough Stretch of Track for a New Penn Station". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  34. ↑ Kessler, Glenn (June 8, 1994). "House Panel Due To Ax $90M For New Penn Station" . Newsday. p. A05. ProQuest   278826224. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021– via ProQuest.
  35. ↑ Purdum, Todd S. (September 23, 1994). "Congress Keeps $40 Million for Pennsylvania Station in a Spending Bill". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  36. ↑ Robin, Joshua (July 19, 2004). "Moynihan's Dream, Penn Station Solution, Corporation Was Created to Buy and Renovate Landmark Postal Facility for Use as a Train Station" . Newsday. p. A23. ProQuest   279826682. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021– via ProQuest.
  37. ↑ Dunlap, David W. (February 9, 1998). "Lost Colossus Draws Closer To Resurrection; Plan Gains for Post Office To Be New Penn Station". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  38. ↑ Lueck, Thomas J. (March 5, 1998). "Deal Will Give A Grand Space To Penn Station". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  39. ↑ "Postings: Selection Narrowed for Post Office Plan; Penn Station Design Team". The New York Times. June 14, 1998. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  40. ↑ Dunlap, David W. (January 3, 1999). "Clearing the Tracks for Penn Station III". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  41. 1 2 Dunlap, David W. (October 26, 2006). "With Each Redesign, a Sparer Penn Station Emerges". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 28, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  42. 1 2 Luna, Ian (2003). New New York: Architecture of a City. New York: Rizzoli. pp. 149, 151. ISBN   978-0-8478-2621-6. OCLC   972013228.
  43. ↑ "Moynihan Station Redevelopment 2001 Design". Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. October 20, 2013. Archived from the original on October 20, 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
  44. ↑ Environmental Assessment Pennsylvania Station Redevelopment Project (PDF). Vol. 1. Federal Railroad Administration; United States Department of Transportation. August 1999. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  45. ↑ Nagourney, Adam (May 20, 1999). "Giuliani Snubs Clinton's Visit For Rail Hub". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  46. ↑ Lueck, Thomas J. (November 19, 1999). "A $60 Million Step Forward In Rebuilding Penn Station". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  47. ↑ S.1077 – A bill to dedicate the new Amtrak station in New York, New York, to Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan Archived March 8, 2019, at the Wayback Machine . Congress.gov (May 19, 1999). Retrieved April 27, 2016.
  48. ↑ Strunsky, Steve (February 20, 2000). "At Penn Station, Changes, and More Changes; After Over $100 Million in Renovations, A $788 Million Terminal, but No Tunnel". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  49. ↑ Dunlap, David W. (March 16, 2001). "Developers Chosen for New Pennsylvania Station". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  50. ↑ Fried, Joseph P. (October 13, 2001). "Post Office To Proceed In Expanding Penn Station". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  51. ↑ Dunlap, David W. (October 11, 2001). "Penn Station Faces Delay Of Expansion". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  52. ↑ Cooper, Michael (August 28, 2002). "Plan to Build a New Penn Station Is Moving Ahead, Officials Say". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  53. ↑ Newman, Philip (October 16, 2002). "LIRR line may end at new Penn Station by 2009". TimesLedger. Archived from the original on February 6, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  54. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (October 8, 2002). "Deal Revives Delayed Plan For Train Hub". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  55. ↑ Luo, Michael (September 24, 2004). "New Jersey Transit Will Consider Occupying New Station in Midtown". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  56. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (October 28, 2004). "State's Project for a Grand New Penn Station Is Moving Again". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  57. ↑ Dunlap, David W. (July 21, 2005). "With Many Modifications, Penn Station Project Is 'Go'". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 28, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  58. ↑ McGeehan, Patrick (November 22, 2005). "Rail Station Looks West to Find Tenant". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  59. 1 2 Magnet, Alec (November 22, 2005). "New Jersey Transit To Be Anchor Rail Tenant of Proposed Station". New York Sun. Archived from the original on April 19, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
  60. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (July 18, 2005). "Team Chosen for Project to Develop Transit Hub". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  61. ↑ "Moynihan Station Redevelopment 2007 Design". Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. October 20, 2013. Archived from the original on October 20, 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
  62. ↑ Chung, Jen (April 28, 2005). "The New Penn (aka Moynihan) Station Development News". Gothamist. Archived from the original on April 18, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  63. ↑ Elliott, Andrea (September 26, 2005). "On U.S. visit, Dalai Lama wins applause and laughs". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  64. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (March 6, 2015). "New Grandeur for Penn Station in Latest Plan". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 7, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
  65. ↑ Corley, Colleen (February 15, 2006). "Online High Expectations for Madison Square Garden's Rumored $750M Move". Commercial Property News. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
  66. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (April 4, 2009). "Garden Unfurls Its Plan for a Major Renovation". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 17, 2015. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
  67. ↑ "Farley Bound?". The Architect’s Newspaper. October 6, 2009. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  68. ↑ Sulzberger, A. G. (September 14, 2009). "Amtrak Deal May Revive Moynihan Station". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 6, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  69. ↑ Michaelson, Juliette (February 16, 2010). "Moynihan Station Awarded Federal Grant" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 14, 2010. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
  70. ↑ "TIGER grant provides final piece of the Moynihan Station funding puzzle". United States Department of Transportation. October 19, 2010. Archived from the original on November 24, 2010. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
  71. ↑ Castillo, Alfonso A. (February 16, 2010). "First phase of Penn Station overhaul fully funded". Newsday. Archived from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  72. ↑ Michaelson, Juliette (February 16, 2010). "Moynihan Station Awarded Federal Grant" (PDF). Friends of Moynihan Station. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 14, 2010. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
  73. 1 2 Strunsky, Steve (May 10, 2012). "Multi-million dollar contract awarded for long-planned expansion of New York's Penn Station". NJ Advance. Archived from the original on December 31, 2020. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  74. ↑ "New York Penn Station expansion to finally see light of day". Trains. October 18, 2010. Archived from the original on March 19, 2011. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
  75. 1 2 "Work to begin on massive Penn Station expansion". Long Island Business News. Associated Press. May 9, 2012. Archived from the original on May 12, 2012. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
  76. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (October 18, 2010). "A Ceremonial Start for Moynihan Station". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
  77. ↑ Boburg, Shawn (May 8, 2012). "New Amtrak station to relieve rush-hour crowds at Penn Station in first phase of project". The Record. Archived from the original on May 10, 2012. Retrieved May 14, 2012.
  78. ↑ Baltic, Scott (June 18, 2012). "Skanska Gets $148M Slice of Moynihan Station's First Phase". Commercial Property Executive. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  79. ↑ Sugar, Rachel (January 26, 2017). "Penn Station's West End Concourse pushes back opening to spring". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  80. ↑ Anuta, Joe (January 24, 2017). "Governor's tweaks may have caused delays in Penn Station upgrade". Crain's New York Business. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  81. ↑ Warerkar, Tanay (June 15, 2017). "Penn Station's West End Concourse finally opens to the public". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on June 15, 2017. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  82. ↑ Jaffee, Eric (December 22, 2011). "Can Amtrak Afford Its New NYC Home?". Atlantic Monthly. Archived from the original on February 12, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2011.
  83. ↑ "Moynihan Station Animation". Friends of Moynihan Station. March 4, 2016. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
  84. ↑ Bagli, Charles V.; Fitzsimmons, Emma G. (January 7, 2016). "Cuomo Lays Out Renovation Plan for Penn Station and Farley Post Office". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 16, 2016. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  85. ↑ Brenzel, Kathryn (April 22, 2016). "Penn Station Renovation - Moynihan - Empire State Station". The Real Deal New York. Archived from the original on May 29, 2016. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
  86. ↑ Blahut, Chelsea (January 15, 2016). "SOM Restarts Moynihan Station Project". Architect. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  87. ↑ Tangel, Andrew; West, Melanie Grayce (January 8, 2016). "New Name for Revamped Penn Station Surprises Moynihan Officials, Sparks Debate". Wall Street Journal. ISSN   0099-9660. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
  88. ↑ Hardt, Bob (January 7, 2016). "NY1 ItCH: Let's Not Rename Moynihan Station". Spectrum News NY1 | New York City. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
  89. 1 2 3 Brenzel, Kathryn (June 16, 2017). "Vornado, Related and Skanska finalize deal to build $1.6B Moynihan Train Hall". The Real Deal New York. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  90. ↑ Nasa, Rahima; Blain, Glenn (August 17, 2017). "Cuomo touts $1.6B train hall project next to Penn Station". NY Daily News. Archived from the original on September 6, 2017. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
  91. ↑ Goldbaum, Christina (January 15, 2021). "He Brought Moynihan Train Hall to Life, but Didn't Live to See It". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2021.
  92. ↑ Anderson, Eric (November 23, 2020). "At least one bright spot in otherwise gloomy update on Amtrak". Times Union. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  93. ↑ Chang, Sophia (December 30, 2020). ""This Is A Work Of Art": Cuomo Cuts Ribbon On Light-Filled Moynihan Train Hall". Gothamist. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  94. ↑ Durkin, Erin (December 30, 2020). "Moynihan Train Hall set to open in New York". POLITICO. Archived from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  95. ↑ Re, Justine (January 1, 2021). "Moynihan Train Hall Opens at Penn Station". www.ny1.com. Archived from the original on January 1, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  96. ↑ "Moynihan Train Hall Finally Opens in Manhattan". NBC New York. January 1, 2021. Archived from the original on December 31, 2020. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  97. ↑ Fabricant, Florence (February 15, 2022). "Bar Tulix to Serve Mexican in the Former Burger & Barrel Space in Soho". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved April 24, 2022.
  98. ↑ Sutton, Ryan (April 21, 2022). "Could Penn Station's Fancy New Food Hall Actually Make Us Miss the Old One?". Eater NY. Retrieved April 24, 2022.
  99. ↑ Adams, Erika (January 14, 2022). "Amtrak Opens Bar Full of Craft Beers to Lure Commuters Into Penn Station". Eater NY. Retrieved April 24, 2022.
  100. ↑ Rahmanan, Anna (January 18, 2022). "Amtrak riders can enjoy craft beers and free snacks at this exclusive new lounge". Time Out New York. Retrieved April 24, 2022.
  101. ↑ Fortney, Luke (July 14, 2023). "The Dead Rabbit Is Opening a Cocktail Bar at Penn Station". Eater NY. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
  102. ↑ Tang, Leying (May 26, 2023). "How Moynihan Train Hall Emerged as the Center of K-Pop in New York City". The Spirit. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
  103. ↑ Ramsay, James (January 11, 2021). "Cuomo Proposes Expanding The High Line To Penn Station, Hudson River". Gothamist. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  104. ↑ Zaveri, Mihir; Slotnik, Daniel E. (January 11, 2021). "$60 Million High Line Expansion to Connect Park to Moynihan Train Hall". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  105. ↑ "Plans unveiled for $50M High Line to Moynihan Train Hall connector". Real Estate Weekly. September 16, 2021. Archived from the original on September 16, 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  106. ↑ Offenhartz, Jake (September 15, 2021). "Cuomo's $50 Million High Line Extension Is Still Happening, Hochul Confirms". Gothamist. Archived from the original on September 16, 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  107. ↑ Adcroft, Patrick (June 22, 2023). "High Line-Moynihan Connector officially opens to the public". Spectrum News NY1 New York City. Retrieved June 22, 2023.
  108. ↑ "New York's Moynihan Train Hall Named Top 2022 Engineering Achievement". www.yahoo.com. May 25, 2022. Retrieved October 19, 2022.
  109. ↑ "2022 Open City Award: The Moynihan Train Hall Team". Open House New York. Retrieved October 19, 2022.
  110. 1 2 Rivoli, Dan (September 23, 2022). "Penn Station's redesign master plan neglected to include public seating". Spectrum News NY1 New York City. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
  111. ↑ Budds, Diana (July 14, 2021). "Are We Ever Going to Get a Place to Sit Down in Moynihan Station?". Curbed. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
  112. 1 2 Murphy, Tim (January 3, 2023). "Monster of 2022: Moynihan Train Hall and the hostile architecture ethos". Mother Jones. Retrieved May 8, 2024.
  113. ↑ Nessen, Stephen (February 4, 2022). "Lawmakers call for more seating in the $1.6 billion Moynihan Train Hall". Gothamist. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
  114. ↑ Robbins, Christopher (November 26, 2022). "A Very Moynihan Train Hall Thanksgiving: 'Wow, I Can't Even Sit Down?'". Hell Gate. Retrieved November 28, 2022.

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.