Onchidella binneyi

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Onchidella binneyi
Onchidella binneyi 139464116.jpg
Dorsal view
U.S. National Museum Proceedings Vol XVI Pl L West American Mollusks (Fig 2).png
Ventral view
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Order: Systellommatophora
Family: Onchidiidae
Genus: Onchidella
Species:
O. binneyi
Binomial name
Onchidella binneyi
Stearns, 1894 [1]
Synonyms [2] [3]
  • Onchidella carpenteriStearns, 1879 nec Binney, 1861
  • Onchidium carpenteriSemper, 1885 nec Binney, 1861
  • Oncidiella hildaeHoffmann, 1928

Onchidella binneyi, also known as Onchidella carpenteri, Onchidium carpenteri, and Oncidiella hildae, is a species of air-breathing sea slug, a shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Onchidiidae. [2]

Description

The Onchidella binneyi are dark grey sea slugs around 2-3 centimeters in length. [4] They produce a defensive secretion as protection against predators because of the absence of the typical defense mechanism of other gastropods, an external shell. This defensive secretion contains the compound Onchidal, which acts as a feeding deterrent. Released after the initial attack, the effect on the predator is irreversible. Onchidal causes the predator to forego the sea-slug as a meal option. The toxicity level to predators and humans is not well known. [5]

Distribution

This species is found along the western coast of the Pacific from the Bahia de Los Angeles in the Gulf of California to Ecuador. [3] Onchidella binneyi are found in the upper intertidal zones of rocky shores. They cannot be on the lower levels because they do not have strong enough grips to withstand the rising and falling tides and the harsh wave activity that occurs in the rocky intertidal zone. [4]

Behavior

O. binneyi feeding and general activity patterns have strong correlations with the rise and fall of the tides. When the tide is low, there is often a burst of activity among the sea slug as they come out to feed. They are most active at night, when they are exposed to air. This is because they lack any adaptation that allows them to clamp tightly to rocks on the intertidal zones. Therefore, when wave surges happen on the shore, they are easily dislodged. Alternatively, when tides are high, O. binneyi activity is lessened and their presence is sparse. [4]

Importance

Onchidal, when isolated from the defensive secretion of the Onchidella binneyi, has demonstrated growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus . This means it is a compound to inhibit Gram-positive bacteria. This is important because of its antimicrobial activity, which means it can help prevent disease. O. binneyi performs naturally cytotoxic activities that have a significant effect on lymphocytic leukemia cell growth in humans. They also have substantial growth inhibition for colon cancer cells, epidermoid carcinoma cells, breast cancer cells, and many more. With these agents, anti-tumor drugs can be produced and usher in a new type of cancer treatment. They also produce anti-inflammatory and lipid lowering effects. This means that they are able to lower cholesterol levels in humans. [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nudibranch</span> Order of gastropods

Nudibranchs belong to the order Nudibranchia, a group of soft-bodied marine gastropod molluscs that shed their shells after their larval stage. They are noted for their often extraordinary colours and striking forms, and they have been given colourful nicknames to match, such as "clown", "marigold", "splendid", "dancer", "dragon", and "sea rabbit". Currently, about 3,000 valid species of nudibranchs are known.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sea slug</span> Group of marine gastropods

Sea slug is a common name for some marine invertebrates with varying levels of resemblance to terrestrial slugs. Most creatures known as sea slugs are gastropods, i.e. they are sea snails that, over evolutionary time, have either entirely lost their shells or have seemingly lost their shells due to having a significantly reduced or internal shell. The name "sea slug" is often applied to nudibranchs and a paraphyletic set of other marine gastropods without apparent shells.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Onchidiidae</span> Family of gastropods

Onchidiidae are a family of small, air-breathing sea slugs. They are shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod molluscs. Onchidiidae is the only family within the superfamily Onchidioidea.

<i>Onchidella</i> Genus of gastropods

Onchidella is a genus of small, air-breathing sea slugs, shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Onchidiidae.

<i>Onchidella nigricans</i> Species of gastropod

Onchidella nigricans is a species of small, air-breathing sea slug, a shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Onchidiidae.

<i>Acanthodoris lutea</i> Species of gastropod

Acanthodoris lutea, the orange-peel doris, is a species of nudibranch or sea slug, a shell-less marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk in the family Onchidorididae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Discodorididae</span> Family of gastropods

Discodorididae is a taxonomic family of sea slugs, specifically dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Doridoidea.

Onchidium stuxbergi is a species of air-breathing sea slug, a shell-less brackish water pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Onchidiidae.

Onchidella orientalis is a species of air-breathing sea slug. It is a shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Onchidiidae.

Onchidium reevesii is a species of air-breathing sea slug, a shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Onchidiidae. It is one of four recognized species in the genus Onchidium.

Onchidella carpenteri is a species of air-breathing sea slug, a shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Onchidiidae.

<i>Onchidella celtica</i> Species of gastropod

Onchidella celtica is a species of air-breathing sea slug, a shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Onchidiidae.

<i>Onchidella floridana</i> Species of gastropod

Onchidella floridana is a species of air-breathing sea slug, a shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Onchidiidae.

Onchidella oniscioides is a species of air-breathing sea slug, a shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Onchidiidae.

Onchidella reticulata is a species of air-breathing sea slug, a shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Onchidiidae.

Onchidina is a monotypic genus of air-breathing sea slugs, a shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Onchidiidae. Its sole member is the species Onchidina australis. Uniquely within the Onchidiidae, O. australis lives above the tidal zone in a fully terrestrial habitat.

<i>Platevindex</i> Genus of gastropods

Platevindex is a genus of air-breathing sea slugs, a shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Onchidiidae.

<i>Aeolidiella alderi</i> Species of gastropod

Aeolidiella alderi is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch in the family Aeolidiidae. It is native to northwestern Europe where it occurs in the intertidal zone. It is a predator and feeds on sea anemones.

<i>Paromoionchis tumidus</i> Species of gastropod

Paromoionchis tumidus is a species of small, air-breathing sea slug, a shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Onchidiidae.

<i>Peronia platei</i> Species of gastropod

Peronia platei is a species of slug, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Onchidiidae, one of the families of sea slugs. Nine species of Peronia are recognized; the way to tell them apart is by DNA sequencing by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence or checking their internal anatomy. This species has hermaphroditic parts in the posterior regions of the deferent duct and straight oviduct. The male part is the muscular sac of the accessory penial gland in the anterior area. It is distributed across the entire tropical and subtropical Indo-West Pacific, from South Africa to Hawaii.

References

  1. ↑ Stearns, Robert E. C. (1893). "On rare or little known mollusks from the west coast of North and South America, with descriptions of new species". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 16 (941): 342–343. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.16-941.341; Pl. 50, Figs. 1–2.{{cite journal}}: External link in |postscript= (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  2. 1 2 Bouchet, P., Dayrat, B. (2014). Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (eds.). "Onchidella binneyi Stearns, 1894". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  3. 1 2 Dayrat, Benoît; Zimmermann, Sara; Raposa, Melissa (2011). "Taxonomic revision of the Onchidiidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific". Journal of Natural History. 45 (15–16): 943–962. doi:10.1080/00222933.2010.545486.
  4. 1 2 3 Pepe, Phillip John; Pepe, Sueanne M (1985). "The Activity Pattern of Onchidella-Binneyi Stearns (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia)". The Veliger . 27 (4): 375–380.
  5. ↑ Ireland, Chris; Faulkner, D. John (June 1978). "The Defensive Secretion of the Opisthobranch Mollusc Onchidella Binneyi". Bioorganic Chemistry . 7 (2): 125–131.
  6. ↑ Wang, Bowen; Chen, Deli; Yu, Meng; Liu, Yangyang; Liu, Pinghuai; Zhang, Xiaopo (17 November 2020). "A Review on Metabolites from Onchidium Genus: Chemistry and Bioactivity". Chemistry & Biodiversity . 18 (2).


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