Propoxur

Last updated
Propoxur
Propoxur.png
Propoxur-3D-balls.png
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
2-[(Propan-2-yl)oxy]phenyl methylcarbamate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.676 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
KEGG
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C11H15NO3/c1-8(2)14-9-6-4-5-7-10(9)15-11(13)12-3/h4-8H,1-3H3,(H,12,13)
    Key: ISRUGXGCCGIOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • CC(C)Oc1ccccc1OC(=O)NC
Properties
C11H15NO3
Molar mass 209.245 g·mol−1
AppearanceWhite to tan crystalline powder [1]
Odor faint, characteristic [1]
Melting point 86 to 92 °C; 187 to 197 °F; 359 to 365 K
Boiling point decomposes [1]
0.2% (20°C) [1]
Vapor pressure 0.0000937 mmHg (20 °C) [1]
Pharmacology
QP53AE02 ( WHO )
Hazards
Flash point >149 °C; 300 °F; 422 K
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
none [1]
REL (Recommended)
TWA 0.5 mg/m3 [1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
N.D. [1]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
X mark.svgN  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Propoxur (Baygon) is a carbamate non-systemic insecticide, produced from catechol, [2] and was introduced in 1959. It has a fast knockdown and long residual effect, and is used against turf, forestry, and household pests and fleas. It is also used in pest control for domestic animals, Anopheles mosquitoes, ants, gypsy moths, and other agricultural pests. [3] [4] It can also be used as a molluscicide. [4] [5] [6]

Contents

Several U.S. states have petitioned the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to use propoxur against bedbug infestations, but the EPA has been reluctant to approve indoor use because of its potential toxicity to children after chronic exposure. [7]

Action

Carbamate insecticides kill insects by irreversibly inactivating the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, thus it is a Cholinesterase inhibitor.

Environmental effects

Propoxur rapidly breaks down in alkaline solution. [8] Propoxur is highly toxic to many bird species, although its toxicity varies by the species, and it is highly toxic to honeybees. [6] It is moderately to slightly toxic to fish and other aquatic species.

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Insecticide</span> Pesticide used against insects

Insecticides are pesticides used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. Insecticides are used in agriculture, medicine, industry and by consumers. Insecticides are claimed to be a major factor behind the increase in the 20th-century's agricultural productivity. Nearly all insecticides can significantly alter ecosystems; many are toxic to humans and/or animals; some become concentrated as they spread along the food chain.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carbofuran</span> Toxic carbamate pesticide

Carbofuran is a carbamate pesticide, widely used around the world to control insects on a wide variety of field crops, including potatoes, corn and soybeans. It is a systemic insecticide, which means that the plant absorbs it through the roots, and from there the plant distributes it throughout its organs where insecticidal concentrations are attained. Carbofuran also has contact activity against pests. It is one of the most toxic pesticides still in use.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carbaryl</span> Chemical compound

Carbaryl is a chemical in the carbamate family used chiefly as an insecticide. It is a white crystalline solid previously sold under the brand name Sevin, which was a trademark of the Bayer Company. The Sevin trademark has since been acquired by GardenTech, which has eliminated carbaryl from most Sevin formulations. Union Carbide discovered carbaryl and introduced it commercially in 1958. Bayer purchased Aventis CropScience in 2002, a company that included Union Carbide pesticide operations. Carbaryl was the third-most-used insecticide in the United States for home gardens, commercial agriculture, and forestry and rangeland protection. As a veterinary drug, it is known as carbaril (INN).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malathion</span> Chemical compound

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Bed bugs are parasitic insects from the genus Cimex, who are micropredators that feed on blood, usually at night. Their bites can result in a number of health impacts including skin rashes, psychological effects, and allergic symptoms. Bed bug bites may lead to skin changes ranging from small areas of redness to prominent blisters. Symptoms may take between minutes to days to appear and itchiness is generally present. Some individuals may feel tired or have a fever. Typically, uncovered areas of the body are affected. Their bites are not known to transmit any infectious disease. Complications may rarely include areas of dead skin or vasculitis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diazinon</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aldicarb</span> Chemical compound (insecticide)

Aldicarb is a carbamate insecticide which is the active substance in the pesticide Temik. It is effective against thrips, aphids, spider mites, lygus, fleahoppers, and leafminers, but is primarily used as a nematicide. Aldicarb is a cholinesterase inhibitor which prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine in the synapse. Aldicarb is considered "extremely hazardous" by the EPA and World Health Organization and has been banned in more than 100 countries. In case of severe poisoning, the victim dies of respiratory failure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fipronil</span> Chemical compound

Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide that belongs to the phenylpyrazole chemical family. Fipronil disrupts the insect central nervous system by blocking the ligand-gated ion channel of the GABAA receptor and glutamate-gated chloride (GluCl) channels. This causes hyperexcitation of contaminated insects' nerves and muscles. Fipronil's specificity towards insects is believed to be due to its greater binding affinity for the GABAA receptors of insects than to those of mammals, and for its action on GluCl channels, which do not exist in mammals. As of 2017, there does not appear to be significant resistance among fleas to fipronil.

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Baygon is a pesticide brand produced by S. C. Johnson & Son. It is an insecticide used for extermination and control of household pests such as crickets, roaches, ants, carpenter ants, spiders, silverfish and mosquitoes. In 1975, Baygon introduced Australia’s first surface spray for killing cockroaches, ticks and other crawling insects.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethiofencarb</span> Chemical compound

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0531". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. Fiege, Helmut; Voges, Heinz-Werner; Hamamoto, Toshikazu; Umemura, Sumio; Iwata, Tadao; Miki, Hisaya; Fujita, Yasuhiro; Buysch, Hans-Josef; Garbe (2000). "Phenol Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry . Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_313.
  3. ACGIH, 1991a[ full citation needed ]
  4. 1 2 Budavari, 1996a[ full citation needed ]
  5. Lewis, 1993a[ full citation needed ]
  6. 1 2 EXTOXNET Extension Toxicology Network. Pesticide Information Profile. Propoxur. June 1996.
  7. "In Search of a Bedbug Solution". New York Times . September 4, 2010.
  8. Propoxur (WHO Pesticide Residues Series 3): October 01, 2009.