Orthohepadnavirus

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Orthohepadnavirus
Hepatitis B virus 1.jpg
TEM micrograph showing Hepatitis B virus virions
Virus classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Pararnavirae
Phylum: Artverviricota
Class: Revtraviricetes
Order: Blubervirales
Family: Hepadnaviridae
Genus:Orthohepadnavirus
Species

See text

Orthohepadnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Hepadnaviridae . [1] Humans and other mammals serve as natural hosts. There are 19 species in this genus. [1] Diseases associated with this genus include: hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic infections), and cirrhosis. [1] [2]

Contents

Taxonomy

The genus contains the following species, listed by scientific name and followed by the exemplar virus of the species: [3]

A few of the bat species were first reported in 2013. [5]

Structure

Viruses in the genus Orthohepadnavirus are enveloped, with spherical geometries, and T=4 symmetry. The diameter is around 42 nm. Genomes are circular, around 3.2kb in length. The genome codes for 7 proteins. [1] [2]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
OrthohepadnavirusIcosahedralT=4Non-envelopedCircularMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is nucleo-cytoplasmic. Replication follows the dsDNA(RT) replication model. DNA-templated transcription, specifically dsDNA(RT) transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by budding, and nuclear pore export. Human and mammals serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are sexual, blood, and contact. [1] [2]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
OrthohepadnavirusHumans; mammalsHepatocytesCell receptor endocytosisBuddingNucleusCytoplasmVertical: parental; sex; blood

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "ICTV Report Hepadnaviridae".
  2. 1 2 3 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  3. ↑ "Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 22 March 2025.
  4. ↑ Rename all currently listed viral species of the family Orthohepadnaviridae to the binominal nomenclature and Introduce 7 new virus species in the genus Orthohepadnavirus and 2 new species in the genus Avihepadnavirus. (2023). ICTV Change Request 2023.014D. Available online from https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2023.014D.Hepadnaviridae_19renam_9nsp.zip.
  5. ↑ Drexler JF, Geipel A, König A, Corman VM, van Riel D, Leijten LM, et al. (October 2013). "Bats carry pathogenic hepadnaviruses antigenically related to hepatitis B virus and capable of infecting human hepatocytes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (40): 16151–6. Bibcode:2013PNAS..11016151D. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1308049110 . PMC   3791787 . PMID   24043818.
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