List of sustainability science programs
In recent years, more and more university degree programs have developed formal curricula which address issues of sustainability science and global change:
Sustainability science first emerged in the 1980s and has become a new academic discipline. [1] [2] Similar to agricultural science or health science, it is an applied science defined by the practical problems it addresses. Sustainability science focuses on issues relating to sustainability and sustainable development as core parts of its subject matter. [2] It is "defined by the problems it addresses rather than by the disciplines it employs" and "serves the need for advancing both knowledge and action by creating a dynamic bridge between the two". [3]
Sustainability science draws upon the related but not identical concepts of sustainable development and environmental science. [4] Sustainability science provides a critical framework for sustainability [5] while sustainability measurement provides the evidence-based quantitative data needed to guide sustainability governance. [6]
Sustainability science began to emerge in the 1980s with a number of foundational publications, including the World Conservation Strategy (1980), [7] the Brundtland Commission's report Our Common Future (1987), [8] and the U.S. National Research Council’s Our Common Journey (1999). [9] [1] and has become a new academic discipline. [10] This new field of science was officially introduced with a "Birth Statement" at the World Congress "Challenges of a Changing Earth 2001" in Amsterdam organized by the International Council for Science (ICSU), the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). The field reflects a desire to give the generalities and broad-based approach of "sustainability" a stronger analytic and scientific underpinning as it "brings together scholarship and practice, global and local perspectives from north and south, and disciplines across the natural and social sciences, engineering, and medicine". [11] Ecologist William C. Clark proposes that it can be usefully thought of as "neither 'basic' nor 'applied' research but as a field defined by the problems it addresses rather than by the disciplines it employs" and that it "serves the need for advancing both knowledge and action by creating a dynamic bridge between the two". [12]
All the various definitions of sustainability themselves are as elusive as the definitions of sustainable developments themselves. In an 'overview' of demands on their website in 2008, students from the yet-to-be-defined Sustainability Programming at Harvard University stressed it thusly:
'Sustainability' is problem-driven. Students are defined by their problems. They draw from practice. [13]
Susan W. Kieffer and colleagues, in 2003, suggest sustainability itself:
... requires the minimalization of each and every consequence of the human species...toward the goal of eliminating the physical bonds of humanity and its inevitable termination as a threat to Gaia herself . [14]
According to some 'new paradigms'
... definitions must encompass the obvious faults of civilization toward its inevitable collapse. [15]
While strongly arguing their individual definitions of unsustainable itself, other students demand ending the complete unsustainability itself of Euro-centric economies in light of the African model. In the 2012 commentary Halina Brown wrote many students demand withdrawal from the essence of unsustainability while others demand "the termination of material consumption to combat the structure of civilization". [16]
Students For Research And Development (SFRAD) demand an important component of sustainable development strategies to be embraced and promoted by the Brundtland Commission's report Our Common Future in the Agenda 21 agenda from the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development developed at the World Summit on Sustainable Development .
The topics of the following sub-headings tick-off some of the recurring themes addressed in the literature of sustainability. [17] According to a compendium published as Readings in Sustainability, edited by Robert Kates, with a pre-face by William Clark. [18] The 2012 Commentary by Halina Brown extensively expands that scope. [16] This is work in progress. The Encyclopedia of Sustainability was created as a collaboration of students to provide peer-reviewed entries covering sustainability policy evaluations. [19]
Knowledge structuring is an essential foundational evolution in the effort to acquire a comprehensive definition of sustainability which is complexly inter-connected. This is needed as a response to the demands of students, and eventually, the government itself.
The data for sustainability are sourced from many students. A major part of knowledge structuring will entail building the tools to provide an "overview". Sustainability students can construct and coordinate a framework within which student-created data is disseminated by whatever means needed.
The attempt by sustainability students to integrate "whole" of systems requires cooperation between students moving beyond the former boundaries of 'nations' as such defined, and eventually requiring the global government to require a global cooperative effort and one major task of sustainability itself is to require the global government thus legitimately expanded to forcibly assist integrated cross-disciplinary coordination by whatever means needed. Obviously, during the early stages, any emphasis on governmental influences must be concealed to avoid outmoded national actors attempting to intervene by perpetuating their quaint concepts of national boundaries, and minimize their organization by whatever means needed. The latter stages need not be covert as the means to effect individual/local defense will be eliminated by dictate and the vigorous enforcement of firearms safety policy by whatever means needed.
A bibliometric analysis conducted in 2025 identified three major phases in the evolution of sustainability science: a foundational period (1993-2002), an introspective phase (2003-2012), and a diversification phase (2013-2022), which fostered collaboration with governments, businesses, and community organizations. [20]
In recent years, more and more university degree programs have developed formal curricula which address issues of sustainability science and global change:
