Thermus

For other uses, see Thermus (disambiguation).

Thermus
Thermus aquaticus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Kingdom:	Thermotogati
Phylum:	Deinococcota
Class:	Deinococci
Order:	Thermales
Family:	Thermaceae
Genus:	Thermus Brock & Freeze 1969
Type species
Thermus aquaticus Brock & Freeze 1969
Species
See text

Thermus is a genus of thermophilic bacteria. It is one of several bacteria belonging to the Deinococcota phylum. According to comparative analysis of 16S rRNA, this is one of the most ancient group of bacteria. ^[1] Thermus species can be distinguished from other genera in the family Thermaceae as well as all other bacteria by the presence of eight conserved signature indels found in proteins such as adenylate kinase and replicative DNA helicase as well as 14 conserved signature proteins that are exclusively shared by members of this genus. ^[2]

Phylogeny

See also: Bacterial taxonomy

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) ^[3] and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). ^{[4] [5] [6]}

Between all its species, T. thermophilus has a special importance as a model organism for basic and applied research.

16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024 [7] [8] [9]

120 marker proteins based GTDB release 10-RS226 [10] [11] [12]

Thermus T. oshimaiWilliams et al. 1996 [13] T. thermophilus (ex Oshima and Imahori 1974) Manaia et al. 1995 [14] T. filiformisHudson et al. 1987 [15] T. compostiVajna et al. 2012 [16] T. aquaticus Brock and Freeze 1969 [17] T. arciformisZhang et al. 2010 [18] T. islandicusBjornsdottir et al. 2009 [19] T. sediminisZhou et al. 2021 T. igniterrae Chung et al. 2000 [20] T. hydrothermalisLi et al. 2023 T. brockianusWilliams et al. 1995 [21] T. thalpophilusLi et al. 2023 T. thermamylovoransMing et al. 2020 T. caldilimiLi et al. 2021 T. tengchongensisYu et al. 2013 [22] T. caliditerraeMing et al. 2014 [23] T. brevisHu et al. 2022 T. tenuipuniceusZhou et al. 2019 T. caldifontisKhan et al. 2017 T. albusLi et al. 2023 T. altitudinisLi et al. 2023 T. neutrinimicusLi et al. 2023 T. amyloliquefaciensYu et al. 2015 [24] T. antranikianii Chung et al. 2000 [20] T. scotoductusKristjansson et al. 1994 [25]

Thermus T. filiformis T. oshimai T. islandicus T. aquaticus T. sediminis T. arciformis T. composti "T. parvatiensis" Dwivedi et al. 2015 T. thermophilus T. thalpophilus T. brockianus T. hydrothermalis T. igniterrae T. thermamylovorans T. caliditerrae T. tengchongensis T. amyloliquefaciens T. caldifontis T. albus T. altitudinis T. caldilimi T. neutrinimicus T. tenuipuniceus T. antranikianii T. scotoductus

Species incertae sedis: ^[26]

• "T. anatoliensis" Kacagan et al. 2016
• "T. caldophilus" Taguchi et al. 1983
• "T. eggertssonii" Peters 2008
• "T. murrieta" Benner et al. 2006
• "T. nonproteolyticus" 1992
• "T. rehai" Lin et al. 2002
• "T. yunnanensis" Gong et al. 2005

Habitats

The strains of the genus Thermus are generally isolated from hydrothermal areas where the range of water temperature is 55–70 °C and that of pH is 5.0–10.5. ^[27]

The first isolate of the genus Thermus was isolated from hydrothermal areas in Yellowstone National Park. ^[5] Later on more isolates were obtained from several hydrothermal areas worldwide, ^[27] such as in Japan, ^{[28] [29]} Iceland, ^[30] New Zealand, New Mexico or the Australian Artesian Basin.

See also

• Bacteria
• Biotechnology
• Thermophiles
• Geyser
• List of bacteria genera
• List of bacterial orders

References

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2. Ho, Jonathan; Adeolu, Mobolaji; Khadka, Bijendra; Gupta, Radhey S. (October 2016). "Identification of distinctive molecular traits that are characteristic of the phylum "Deinococcus–Thermus" and distinguish its main constituent groups" . Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 39 (7): 453–463. Bibcode:2016SyApM..39..453H. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2016.07.003. ISSN   0723-2020. PMID   27506333.
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17. Brock, Thomas D.; Freeze, Hudson (1969-04-01). "Thermus aquaticus gen. n. and sp. n., a Nonsporulating Extreme Thermophile". Journal of Bacteriology. 98 (1): 289–297. doi:10.1128/jb.98.1.289-297.1969. ISSN   0021-9193. PMC   249935 . PMID   5781580.
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19. Bjornsdottir, Snaedis H.; Petursdottir, Solveig K.; Hreggvidsson, Gudmundur O.; Skirnisdottir, Sigurlaug; Hjorleifsdottir, Sigridur; Arnfinnsson, Johann; Kristjansson, Jakob K. (2009-01-01). "Thermus islandicus sp. nov., a mixotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium isolated from the Torfajokull geothermal area". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 59 (12): 2962–2966. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.007013-0 . PMID   19628590.
20. Chung, A. P.; Rainey, F. A.; Valente, M.; Nobre, M. F.; Costa, M. S. da (2000-01-01). "Thermus igniterrae sp. nov. and Thermus antranikianii sp. nov., two new species from Iceland". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 50 (1): 209–217. doi: 10.1099/00207713-50-1-209 . PMID   10826806.
21. WILLIAMS, R. A. D.; SMITH, K. E.; WELCH, S. G.; MICALLEF, J.; SHARP, R. J. (1995-07-01). "DNA Relatedness of Thermus Strains, Description of Thermus brockianus sp. nov., and Proposal To Reestablish Thermus thermophilus (Oshima and Imahori)". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 45 (3): 495–499. doi: 10.1099/00207713-45-3-495 . PMID   8590676.
22. Yu, Tian-Tian; Yao, Ji-Cheng; Ming, Hong; Yin, Yi-Rui; Zhou, En-Min; Liu, Min-Jiao; Tang, Shu-Kun; Li, Wen-Jun (2013). "Thermus tengchongensis sp. nov., isolated from a geothermally heated soil sample in Tengchong, Yunnan, south-west China". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 103 (3): 513–518. doi:10.1007/s10482-012-9833-9. PMID   23104072.
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