Timeline of Bursa

Last updated April 12, 2022

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Bursa, Turkey.

Prior to 14th century

183 BCE – Prusa founded by Prusias I of Bithynia.^[1]
76 BCE – Bithynia becomes part of Roman Empire.^[1]
730 CE – Hagios Stephanos (church) built.
947 CE – City besieged by forces of Sayf al-Dawla of Aleppo.^[2]
1097 – Seljuqs in power (approximate date).^[3]
1204
- City besieged by French forces led by Pierre de Bracheux and Payen d'Orleans.^[4]
- City becomes part of the Nicaean Empire.^[5]

14th–18th centuries

1326 – Siege of Bursa; city becomes capital of Ottoman Empire.^[2]
1331 – Traveller Ibn Battuta visits city.^[3]
1335 – Alaeddin Bey Mosque built.^[6]
1339 – Orhan Camii (mosque) built.^[1]
1385 - Hüdavendigar Mosque completed.
1395 – Bayezid I Mosque built in Yıldırım.^[7]
1399 – Ulu Cami (mosque) built.
1402 – City besieged by Timurids.^[2]
1413 – City besieged by Karaman forces.^[1]
1421
- Yesil Mosque and Yesil Türbe (mausoleum) built.
- Green Mosque, Bursa built.
1424 – Madrasa built.^[3]
1426 – Muradiye Complex built.
1442 – Irgandi Bridge built near city.^[8]
1453 – Capital of Ottoman Empire relocates from Bursa to Istanbul.^[3]
1487 – Population: 40,000.^[9]
1490 – Koza Han (caravansary) built.^[3]
16th C. – Mayor Synagogue (Bursa) built (approximate date).
1512 – Ala ed-Din in power.^[2]
1552 – Yeni Kaplica (bath) built.^[3]
1607 – City besieged by Kalenderogli.^[2]
1674 – Inebey Madrasa built in Tahtakale.^[6]

19th century

1801 – Fire.^[10]
1802 – Fire.^[10]
1804 – Emir Sultan Mosque rebuilt.
1814 – Sultan Abdülmecid visits city.^[5]
1823 – Population: 60,000 (approximate).^[11]
1845 – Isiklar Military High School established.^[3]
1852 – Brotte hotel in business.^[12]
1855 – 28 February: Earthquake.
1864 – Gumuslu Kumbet (Silvered Tomb) rebuilt.^[13]
1869
- Hamidiye Technical School opens.^[14]
- Bursa newspaper begins publication.^[15]
1875 – Orphanage founded.^[10]
1879 – Ahmet Vefik Pasha Theater built.^[3]
1883 – Egyptians in power.^[2]
1891 – Mudania-Bursa railway begins operating.^[16]

20th century

1902
- Bursa Archaeological Museum established.
- The export of silk in 1902 valued at £620,000.^[2]
1904 - Bursa Museum of Turkish and Islamic Art established.
1910 – Population: 75,000.^[2]
1920 – City taken by Greek forces.^[3]
1923 – City becomes part of the newly formed Republic of Turkey.
1929 - Bursa Museum of Turkish and Islamic Art relocated.
1932 – Tayyare theatre opens.^[17]
1944 – Military airport established.
1945 – Ant newspaper begins publication.^[15]
1949 – Ormancı gazetesi newspaper begins publication.^[15]
1950
- Hakimiyet milletindir newspaper begins publication.^[15]
- Population: 103,812.^[18]
1951 – İşçi sesi newspaper begins publication.^[15]
1952 – Gece postası newspaper begins publication.^[15]
1953 – Milletyolu newspaper begins publication (approximate date).^[15]
1962 – International Bursa Festival begins.^[19]
1963 – Bursaspor football club formed.
1970 – Maarif Koleji (Education College) established.
1972 – Archaeological Museum of Bursa opens.^[20]
1973
- Atatürk Museum established.^[20]
- Population: 318,209 city; 426,567 urban agglomeration (approximate).^[21]
1974 – Tofaş Sports Club formed.
1975
- Bursa University established.
- Turkish and Islamic Works Museum established in the Yesil complex.^[20]
1979 – Bursa Atatürk Stadium opens.
1984 – Population: 535,500 (estimate).^[22]
1989 - Bursa Forestry Museum opened.
1996 – Population: 1,211,688.^[23]
1998
- Bursa State Symphony Orchestra founded.
- Bursa International Fair Building constructed.^[6]
2000
- Yenisehir Airport begins operating civilian flights.^{[ citation needed ]}
- Borçelik headquarters building constructed.^[6]

21st century

2002
- Bursaray metro transit begins operating.
- Bursa Book Fair begins (approximate date).^[24]
2008 – Wholesale Grocer and Fish Market, and Merinos Cultural Centre built.^[6]
2010 – Bursa Technical University established.
2011
- Bursa Orhangazi University established.
- Population: 1,704,441.
2012 - Bursa Energy Museum established.
2016 – 2016 Bursa bombing
2017 - Population: 2,936,803 (estimate, urban agglomeration).^[25]

Related Research Articles

Bursa is a city in northwestern Turkey and the administrative center of Bursa Province. The fourth-most populous city in Turkey and second-most populous in the Marmara Region, Bursa is one of the industrial centers of the country. Most of Turkey's automotive production takes place in Bursa.

A bedesten is a type of covered market or market hall which was historically found in the cities of the Ottoman Empire. It was typically the central building of the commercial district of an Ottoman town or city, where the most important and precious goods were kept and sold. Its function was comparable or equivalent to that of a qaysariyya in other regions, though the architecture of the latter could be different and be similar to that of a bazaar with its own streets.

Türbe is the word for "tomb" used in the Ottoman Empire. In English it especially refers to the characteristic mausoleums, often relatively small, of Ottoman royalty and Ottoman nobles and notables.

Osmangazi is one of the central metropolitan districts of the city of Bursa in Bursa Province, as well as the fourth largest overall municipality in Turkey. The municipality has a population of approximately 778,843 as of 2012. On its own, it would be the 8th largest city in Turkey.

İnegöl is a city in the Bursa Province of Turkey. It has a population of 340,000. İnegöl is one of the centers of the Turkish furniture industry, and is also known for its meatball which has its origins in ćevapi brought to the region by Bosnian immigrants (Bosniaks) during the Balkan Wars.

Yıldırım is a metropolitan district in the centre of Bursa in Turkey. The district was named after Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I. It was founded in 1987 and it has a size of 399 km². The Sultan Bayezid I's nickname was Yıldırım, which means thunderbolt in Turkish.

Nilüfer is a district of Bursa Province of Turkey. It was established in 1987. It is the one of the seventeen districts of Bursa Province. It is established as the main residential development area of Bursa in order to meet the housing needs as well as industrial and commercial structures.

The Green Mosque, also known as the Mosque of Mehmed I, is a part of a larger complex on the east side of Bursa, Turkey, the former capital of the Ottoman Turks before they captured Constantinople in 1453. The complex consists of a mosque, türbe, madrasah, kitchen and bath. The name Green Mosque comes from its green and blue interior tile decorations.

Cumalıkızık is a village in the Yıldırım district of Bursa Province, located 10 kilometers east of the city of Bursa, at the foot of Mount Uludağ. Its history goes back to the Ottoman Empire's foundation period. The village is now included within the border of the Yıldırım district as a neighbourhood. Cumalıkızık was founded as a vakıf village. The historical texture of the village has been well protected and the civilian countryside architectural structures of the early Ottoman period are still intact. Because of this, Cumalıkızık has become a popular but still unspoiled center for tourists.

The Siege of Bursa occurred from 1317 until the capture on 6 April 1326, when the Ottomans deployed a bold plan to seize Prusa. The Ottomans had not captured a city before; the lack of expertise and adequate siege equipment at this stage of the war meant that the city fell only after six or nine years.

A külliye is a complex of buildings associated with Turkish architecture centered on a mosque and managed within a single institution, often based on a waqf and composed of a madrasa, a Dar al-Shifa ("clinic"), kitchens, bakery, Turkish bath, other buildings for various charitable services for the community and further annexes. The term is derived from the Arabic word kull "all".

Yenişehir is a district of Bursa province. It is 52 km far from the east of Bursa and Bursa city center. Bursa's international airport is within the borders of Yenişehir. For this reason, the Airport is called 'Yenişehir Airport'.

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Cairo, Egypt.

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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Ankara, Ankara Province, Turkey.

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Lahore, Pakistan.

The following is a timeline of the history of the town of Istanbul, Turkey.

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

The Koza Han is a historic caravanserai (han) in Bursa, Turkey. It is located in the heart of the city's historic market district.

References

1 2 3 4 Broadrup 1995.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Britannica 1910.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Stanley 2008.
↑ Black 1910.
1 2 "About Bursa: History". Bursa: Uludağ University. Archived from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
1 2 3 4 5 ArchNet. "Bursa". Archived from the original on 9 October 2012.
↑ Grove 2009.
↑ "Bursa". Islamic Cultural Heritage Database. Istanbul: Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture. Archived from the original on 16 May 2013.
↑ Faroqhi 2008.
1 2 3 Murray 1907.
↑ Morse 1823.
↑ Cuinet 1894.
↑ Kuran 1996.
↑ "City Guide: Bursa". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Global Resources Network". Chicago, USA: Center for Research Libraries . Retrieved 5 February 2013.
↑ Diplomatic and Consular Reports: Turkey. Great Britain, Foreign Office. 1892.
↑ "About Bursa: Culture". Bursa: Uludağ University. Archived from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
↑ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
↑ "International Bursa Festival". Gent, Belgium: European Festivals Association. Archived from the original on 19 January 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
1 2 3 "About Bursa: Museums". Bursa: Uludağ University. Archived from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
↑ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
↑ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
↑ Census, October 1996
↑ "7th edition of Bursa Book Fair opens at weekend". Hürriyet Daily News. 28 February 2009.
↑ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia and Turkish Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Published in 19th century

William Hunter (1803), "(Brusa)", Travels through France, Turkey, and Hungary, to Vienna, in 1792 (3rd ed.), London: J. White, OCLC 10321359
Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Bursa", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
John Fuller (1830), "(Brusa)", Narrative of a Tour Through Some Parts of the Turkish Empire, John Murray, OCLC 15470157
John Macgregor (1844). "Trade of Brussa". Commercial Statistics. London: C. Knight and Co.
George Henry Townsend (1867), "Brusa", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
J.T. Bent (1889). "On the Slopes of Olympus". Gentleman's Magazine.
Vital Cuinet (1894). Vilayet de Brousse. La Turquie d'Asie (in French). Paris: Ernest Leroux.

Published in 20th century

"Brusa". Guide to Greece, the Archipelago, Constantinople, the Coasts of Asia Minor. London: Macmillan and Co. 1907.
"Brusa", Handbook for Travellers in Constantinople, Brusa, and the Troad, London: J. Murray, 1907 (+ 1854 ed.)
Demetrius Coufopoulos (1910), "Brusa", Guide to Constantinople (4th ed.), London: Adam and Charles Black
"Brusa" . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 691.
H. Gerber (1976), "Guilds in Seventeenth Century Bursa", Asian and African Studies
Murat Çịzakça (1980). "A Short History of the Bursa Silk Industry (1500–1900)". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 23.
Haim Gerber (1980). "Social and Economic Position of Women in an Ottoman City, Bursa, 1600–1700". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 12.
Halil Sahillioğlu (1985). "Slaves in the social and economic life of Bursa in the late 15th and early 16th centuries". Turcica.
Haim Gerber (1988). Economy and Society in an Ottoman City: Bursa, 1600–1700. Jerusalem: Hebrew University.
"Turkey: Bursa", Middle East, Lonely Planet, 1994, p. 633+, OL 16516298W
E. Broadrup (1995). "Bursa, Turkey". International Dictionary of Historic Places. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 105.
Aptullah Kuran (1996). "A Spatial Study of Three Ottoman Capitals: Bursa, Edirne, and Istanbul". Muqarnas. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 13.
"Northwestern Turkey: Bursa". Greece & Turkey. Let's Go. 1996. p. 453+.

Published in 21st century

Suraiya Faroqhi (2008). "At the Ottoman Empire's Industrious Core: the Story of Bursa". The City in the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. p. 357+.
Bruce E. Stanley; Michael R.T. Dumper, eds. (2008), "Bursa", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, p. 100
Gabor Agoston; Bruce Alan Masters (2009). "Bursa". Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Facts on File. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7.
"Bursa". Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009. p. 317.

External links

Europeana. Items related to Bursa, various dates.
"Bursa". Silk Road Seattle. USA: Walter Chapin Simpson Center for the Humanities, University of Washington.

Coordinates: 40°11′00″N29°03′00″E / 40.183333°N 29.05°E / 40.183333; 29.05

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[FOOTNOTEBroadrup1995-1] 1 2 3 4 Broadrup 1995.

[FOOTNOTEBritannica1910-2] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Britannica 1910.

[FOOTNOTEStanley2008-3] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Stanley 2008.

[FOOTNOTEBlack1910-4] Black 1910.

[uludag763-5] 1 2 "About Bursa: History". Bursa: Uludağ University. Archived from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.

[archnet-6] 1 2 3 4 5 ArchNet. "Bursa". Archived from the original on 9 October 2012.

[FOOTNOTEGrove2009-7] Grove 2009.

[ircica-8] "Bursa". Islamic Cultural Heritage Database. Istanbul: Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture. Archived from the original on 16 May 2013.

[FOOTNOTEFaroqhi2008-9] Faroqhi 2008.

[FOOTNOTEMurray1907-10] 1 2 3 Murray 1907.

[FOOTNOTEMorse1823-11] Morse 1823.

[FOOTNOTECuinet1894-12] Cuinet 1894.

[FOOTNOTEKuran1996-13] Kuran 1996.

[14] "City Guide: Bursa". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Retrieved 5 February 2013.

[crl-15] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Global Resources Network". Chicago, USA: Center for Research Libraries . Retrieved 5 February 2013.

[16] Diplomatic and Consular Reports: Turkey. Great Britain, Foreign Office. 1892.

[uludag779-17] "About Bursa: Culture". Bursa: Uludağ University. Archived from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.

[18] "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.

[19] "International Bursa Festival". Gent, Belgium: European Festivals Association. Archived from the original on 19 January 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.

[uludag777-20] 1 2 3 "About Bursa: Museums". Bursa: Uludağ University. Archived from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.

[21] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.

[22] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.

[23] Census, October 1996

[24] "7th edition of Bursa Book Fair opens at weekend". Hürriyet Daily News. 28 February 2009.

[25] "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

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