2020 coronavirus pandemic in Singapore

2020 coronavirus pandemic in Singapore
Map of planning areas with confirmed (red) coronavirus cases (as of 16 April)
Disease	COVID-19
Virus strain	SARS-CoV-2
Location	Singapore
First outbreak	Wuhan, Hubei, China
Index case	23 January 2020
Arrival date	23 January 2020 (3 months, 1 week and 4 days)
Confirmed cases	18,205 [1] [2] [3]
Active cases	16,779
Recovered	1,408 [1] [2] [3]
Deaths	18 [1] [2] [3]
Official website
www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19

The 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Singapore is part of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

The first case of COVID-19 in Singapore was confirmed on 23 January. ^[4] Early cases were primarily imported until local transmission began to develop in February and March. By late-March and April, COVID-19 clusters were detected at multiple dormitories for foreign workers, which soon contributed to an overwhelming proportion of new cases in the country. Since 19 April, Singapore has the highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Southeast Asia. ^[5]

To combat COVID-19, a multi-ministerial committee was formed on 22 January with Minister for National Development Lawrence Wong and Minister for Health Gan Kim Yong as the co-chairs and Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Finance Heng Swee Keat as advisors. ^{[6] [7]} Singapore also contributed US$500,000 to support World Health Organization (WHO) efforts against COVID-19. ^[8] In response to the growing number of new cases, Singapore announced on 3 April a stringent set of preventive measures which were collectively called a "circuit breaker", to be applied from 7 April to 4 May, with an extension to 1 June announced on 21 April.

COVID-19 cases in Singapore  ( v t e )      Deaths        Recoveries        Hospitalised        Discharged to isolation [lower-roman 1] JanJanFebFebMarMarAprAprMayMayLast 15 daysLast 15 days
Date			# of cases	# of deaths
2020-01-23		​	1(n.a.)
2020-01-24		​	3(+200%)
2020-01-25		​	3(=)
2020-01-26		​	4(+33%)
2020-01-27		​	5(+25%)
2020-01-28		​	7(+40%)
2020-01-29		​	10(+43%)
2020-01-30		​	13(+30%)
2020-01-31		​	16(+23%)
2020-02-01		​	18(+13%)
⋮		​	18(=)
2020-02-04		​ ​	24(+33%)
2020-02-05		​ ​	28(+17%)
2020-02-06		​ ​	30(+7.1%)
2020-02-07		​ ​	33(+10%)
2020-02-08		​ ​	40(+21%)
2020-02-09		​ ​	43(+7.5%)
2020-02-10		​ ​	45(+4.7%)
2020-02-11		​ ​	47(+4.4%)
2020-02-12		​ ​	50(+6.4%)
2020-02-13		​ ​	58(+16%)
2020-02-14		​ ​	67(+16%)
2020-02-15		​ ​	72(+7.5%)
2020-02-16		​ ​	75(+4.2%)
2020-02-17		​ ​	77(+2.7%)
2020-02-18		​ ​	81(+5.2%)
2020-02-19		​ ​	84(+3.7%)
2020-02-20		​ ​	85(+1.2%)
2020-02-21		​ ​	86(+1.2%)
2020-02-22		​ ​	89(+3.5%)
2020-02-23		​ ​	89(=)
2020-02-24		​ ​	90(+1.1%)
2020-02-25		​ ​	91(+1.1%)
2020-02-26		​ ​	93(+2.2%)
2020-02-27		​ ​	96(+3.2%)
2020-02-28		​ ​	98(+2.1%)
2020-02-29		​ ​	102(+4.1%)
2020-03-01		​ ​	106(+3.9%)
2020-03-02		​ ​	108(+1.9%)
2020-03-03		​ ​	110(+1.9%)
2020-03-04		​ ​	112(+1.8%)
2020-03-05		​ ​	117(+4.5%)
2020-03-06		​ ​	130(+11%)
2020-03-07		​ ​	138(+6.2%)
2020-03-08		​ ​	150(+8.7%)
2020-03-09		​ ​	160(+6.7%)
2020-03-10		​ ​	166(+3.8%)
2020-03-11		​ ​	178(+7.2%)
2020-03-12		​ ​	187(+5.1%)
2020-03-13		​ ​	200(+7.0%)
2020-03-14		​ ​	212(+6.0%)
2020-03-15		​ ​	226(+6.6%)
2020-03-16		​ ​	243(+7.5%)
2020-03-17		​ ​	266(+9.5%)
2020-03-18		​ ​	313(+18%)
2020-03-19		​ ​	345(+10%)
2020-03-20		​ ​	385(+12%)
2020-03-21		​ ​ ​	432(+12%)	2(n.a.)
2020-03-22		​ ​ ​	455(+5.3%)	2(=)
2020-03-23		​ ​ ​	509(+12%)	2(=)
2020-03-24		​ ​ ​	558(+10%)	2(=)
2020-03-25		​ ​ ​ ​	631(+13%)	2(=)
2020-03-26		​ ​ ​ ​	683(+8.2%)	2(=)
2020-03-27		​ ​ ​ ​	732(+7.2%)	2(=)
2020-03-28		​ ​ ​ ​	802(+10%)	2(=)
2020-03-29		​ ​ ​ ​	844(+5.2%)	3(+50%)
2020-03-30		​ ​ ​ ​	879(+4.1%)	3(=)
2020-03-31		​ ​ ​ ​	926(+5.3%)	3(=)
2020-04-01		​ ​ ​ ​	1,000(+8.0%)	3(=)
2020-04-02		​ ​ ​ ​	1,049(+4.9%)	4(+33%)
2020-04-03		​ ​ ​ ​	1,114(+6.2%)	5(+25%)
2020-04-04		​ ​ ​ ​	1,189(+6.7%)	6(+20%)
2020-04-05		​ ​ ​ ​	1,309(+10%)	6(=)
2020-04-06		​ ​ ​ ​	1,375(+5.0%)	6(=)
2020-04-07		​ ​ ​ ​	1,481(+7.7%)	6(=)
2020-04-08		​ ​ ​ ​	1,623(+9.6%)	6(=)
2020-04-09		​ ​ ​ ​	1,910(+18%)	6(=)
2020-04-10		​ ​ ​ ​	2,108(+10%)	7(+17%)
2020-04-11		​ ​ ​ ​	2,299(+9.1%)	8(+14%)
2020-04-12		​ ​ ​ ​	2,532(+10%)	8(=)
2020-04-13		​ ​ ​ ​	2,918(+15%)	9(+13%)
2020-04-14		​ ​ ​ ​	3,252(+11%)	10(+11%)
2020-04-15		​ ​ ​ ​	3,699(+14%)	10(=)
2020-04-16		​ ​ ​ ​	4,427(+20%)	10(=)
2020-04-17		​ ​ ​ ​	5,050(+14%)	11(+10%)
2020-04-18		​ ​ ​ ​	5,992(+19%)	11(=)
2020-04-19		​ ​ ​ ​	6,588(+10%)	11(=)
2020-04-20		​ ​ ​ ​	8,014(+22%)	11(=)
2020-04-21		​ ​ ​ ​	9,125(+14%)	11(=)
2020-04-22		​ ​ ​ ​	10,141(+11%)	12(+9.1%)
2020-04-23		​ ​ ​ ​	11,178(+10%)	12(=)
2020-04-24		​ ​ ​ ​	12,075(+8.0%)	12(=)
2020-04-25		​ ​ ​ ​	12,693(+5.1%)	12(=)
2020-04-26		​ ​ ​ ​	13,624(+7.3%)	12(=)
2020-04-27		​ ​ ​ ​	14,423(+5.9%)	14(+17%)
2020-04-28		​ ​ ​ ​	14,951(+3.7%)	14(=)
2020-04-29		​ ​ ​ ​	15,641(+4.6%)	14(=)
2020-04-30		​ ​ ​ ​	16,169(+3.4%)	15(+7.1%)
2020-05-01		​ ​ ​ ​	17,101(+5.8%)	16(+6.7%)
2020-05-02		​ ​ ​ ​	17,548(+2.6%)	17(+6.3%)
2020-05-03		​ ​ ​ ​	18,205(+3.7%)	18(+5.9%)
Based on confirmed cases reported daily by the Ministry of Health correct as of 12pm on the day of the update. [9] Notes: From 25 March 2020 onwards, cases who are clinically well enough to be discharged from medical care but still test positive for COVID-19 are discharged to isolation and cared for at private hospitals such as Concord International Hospital, Mount Elizabeth Hospital and Gleneagles Hospital as well as a Community Isolation Facility at D’Resort NTUC. [10] Since 10 April, another Community Isolation Facility began operating at the Singapore Expo. [11] From 23 April 2020, those with mild symptoms would also be isolated and cared for at such community facilities. [12] The third Community Isolation Facility began operating in Changi Exhibition Centre on 25 April 2020. [13]

Background

On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019. ^{[14] [15]}

The case fatality ratio for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS in 2003, ^{[16] [17]} but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll. ^{[18] [16]}

Statistics

The first plot shows the total number of cases as a function of time (by date) since 23 January 2020, the date of the first reported case in Singapore. The second and third plot shows the number of daily new cases and total active cases respectively as reported.

The following graph re-plots the top graph as shown above but with the vertical axis on a logarithmic scale. In such a plot (known as a semi-log plot), an exponential growth in the number of cases will appear as a straight line on the graph. The slope of the straight line determines the rate of growth of the number of cases, with a steeper slope representing a higher growth rate.

More plots

Case details

As of 3 May 2020, there are a total of 18,205 confirmed cases with 1,408 discharged and 18 deaths. ^[19]

Throughout the outbreak, cases were traced to clusters that several cases had visited during a particular time period, with venues including religious institutions, ^[20] workplaces, ^[21] construction sites, ^[22] a number of schools, ^[23] private events, ^[24] retail businesses, ^{[25] [26] [27]} and a hospital. ^[28] Imported cases also became a source of infection in March. ^{[29] [30]} Since the end of March, an increasing number of cases have been found at foreign worker dormitories and construction sites, with 8,094 out of 10,141 total cases being dormitory residents as of 22 April. ^{[31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38]} The highest number of daily cases was reported on 20 April at 1,426 with the last imported case on 26 April. ^{[39] [40]}

No. of SARS-CoV-2 infection cases in Singapore with no known links to previous cases or travel history (

• v
• t
• e

)

		Day [notes 1]
Month		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
February 2020	Count												9	7	9	8	7	7	7	8	9	8	9	9	9	9	11	10	10	10
	Ref.												[41]	[42]	[43]	[44]	[45]	[46]	[47]	[48]	[49]	[50]	[51]	[52]	[53]	[54]	[55]	[56]	[57]	[58]
March 2020	Count	11	11	11	12	12	12	13	14	14	9	10	9	10	11	11	12	16	17	23	24	29	31	31	41	44	42	58	67	71	79	93
	Ref.	[59]	[60]	[61]	[62]	[63]	[64]	[65]	[66]	[67]	[68]	[69]	[70]	[71]	[72]	[73]	[74]	[75]	[76]	[77]	[78]	[79]	[80]	[81]	[82]	[83]	[84]	[85]	[86]	[87]	[88]	[89]
April 2020	Count	115	118	127	145	179	177	193	236	375	426	515
	Ref.	[90]	[91]	[92]	[93]	[94]	[95]	[96]	[97]	[98]	[99]	[100]
Notes: The day of the month in which this number of cases was reported as not yet linked to previous cases or travel history to affected countries or regions.

Timeline

January 2020

• 4 January: The first suspected case is reported, ^[101] later confirmed not linked and due to RSV. ^[102]
• 10 January: The second suspected case is reported, ^[103] later confirmed not linked. ^[104]
• 16 January: The third suspected case is reported, ^[105] since tested negative. ^[106]
• 17 January: Two suspected cases are reported, bringing the number to five. ^[106] Both cases have since tested negative. ^[107]
• 18 January: The sixth suspected case is reported, ^[107] since tested negative. ^[108]
• 20 January: The seventh suspected case is reported, ^{[109] [108]} since tested negative. ^[110]
• 22 January: Three suspected cases are detected. ^[6]
• 23 January: The first case in Singapore is confirmed, involving a 66-year-old Chinese national from Wuhan who flew from Guangzhou via China Southern Airlines flight CZ351 with nine companions. He stayed at Shangri-La's Rasa Sentosa Resort and Spa. Contact tracing subsequently commenced. Preliminary tests showed positive results for another, with another 28 suspected cases detected after enhanced testing. ^{[4] [111]}
• 24 January: Two more cases are confirmed, bringing the total to 3. 44 suspected cases are reported, of which 13 are negative. ^[112]
• 25 January: No new cases are confirmed with 64 suspected ones. Of these, 29 are negative with 32 pending. ^[113]
• 26 January: The fourth case is confirmed. ^[114] Later that day, there are 92 suspect cases, of which 46 are negative. ^[115]
• 27 January: The fifth case is confirmed. There are a total of 124 suspect cases, of which 62 are negative. ^[116]
• 28 January: Two more cases are confirmed, bringing the total to 7. A total of 170 suspect cases are tested, with 91 negative. ^[117]
• 29 January: Three more cases are confirmed, with 124 suspected cases negative, bringing the total to 10. ^[118]
• 30 January: Three more cases are confirmed, with 164 suspected cases negative, bringing the total to 13. ^[119]

February 2020

• 4 February: The first few cases originating from local transmission were reported. Yong Thai Hang, a shop that mainly serves Chinese tourists, was identified as the locus of the infection, where four women without recent history of travel to China contracted the virus. ^[120] On the same day, the first recovery was reported as Case 7, a 35-year-old Chinese male from Wuhan who was discharged from the National Centre for Infectious Diseases after testing negative. ^[121]
• 7 February: Authorities raised the nation's Disease Outbreak Response System Condition (DORSCON) level from Yellow to Orange after more cases with unclear origins surfaced. ^{[122] [123]}
• 8 February: Lee Hsien Loong, the Prime Minister of Singapore, expressed his worry about some cases with no known chain of transmission of the infection directly from Wuhan or indirectly via cases traced in Singapore. He suggested that it might become "futile to try to trace every contact". ^{[124] [125]}
• 25 February: The Life Church and Missions Singapore and the Grace Assembly of God clusters were found to be linked to cases 8 and 9, as well as cases 83 and 91 through serological tests, the first such successful test in the world. ^[126]

March 2020

• 10 March: Singapore allowed 600 passengers to disembark from the Italian cruise ship Costa Fortuna , after being denied by Malaysia and Thailand ports with all passengers found to be well. ^[127] The majority of them left for the airport immediately. ^[128] The director-general of the World Health Organization, Tedros Adhanom, has praised the government's approach to containment. ^[129]
• 12 March: Lee Hsien Loong delivered his second address to the nation on the outbreak. He mentioned that the DORSCON level will remain Orange. He also stated that Singapore will not isolate from the rest of the world, taking temporary control measures instead. ^[130]
• 20 March: 40 new cases were recorded. 28 cases were imported. ^[131]
• 21 March: 47 new cases were recorded. 39 cases were imported. ^[131] Singapore recorded its first two deaths involving a 75-year-old Singaporean woman and 64-year-old Indonesian man. It was reported that the female had a history of chronic heart disease and hypertension, while the male had a history of heart disease. ^[132]
• 22 March: 23 new cases were recorded. 18 cases were imported. ^[131] A total of 14 people were in ICU. ^[133]
• 23 March: 54 new cases were recorded. 48 cases were imported. ^[131] A total of 15 people were in ICU. ^[133]
• 24 March: 49 new cases were recorded. 32 cases were imported. ^[131] A total of 17 people were in ICU. ^[133]
• 25 March: 73 new cases were reported, with a new cluster of 18 cases involving a PAP Community Foundation (PCF) Sparkletots Centre. As a result, all PCF centres were closed for four days starting from 26 March. ^{[134] [135]} 38 cases were imported. ^[131] A total of 27 people were in ICU. ^[133]
• 26 March: 52 new cases were recorded. 28 cases were imported. ^[131] A total of 18 people were in ICU. ^[133]
• 27 March: An additional 49 new cases were reported, of which 22 were imported. A total of 17 people were in ICU. ^[133] There were 3 new cases that were attributed to a cluster at SingPost Centre, a packet processing facility. SingPost later clarified that those who had tested positive were two full-time members of staff and a contract staff, none of who had contact with the general public in their normal role. ^{[136] [137]}
• 28 March: The Ministry of Health announced 70 new cases which brought the total number of cases to 802. Of the 70 new cases, 41 were imported with 29 locally sourced. A total of 19 people were in ICU. ^[133] According to the Singapore Police Force, two officers were included in this new number of cases. There was a further case from the Sparkletots Centre reported on the 25 March and an additional two cases from the Singapore Post Centre reported the previous day. ^{[138] [139]}
• 29 March: 42 new cases were recorded. 24 cases were imported. ^[131] A total of 19 people were in ICU. ^[133] The Ministry of Health announced that a 70-year-old Singaporean man had died as a result of complications related to COVID-19, bringing the total number of Singaporeans who have died from COVID-19 to three. He had been admitted on 29 February to Singapore General Hospital and had a history of hypertension and high cholesterol. ^[140]
• 30 March: 35 new cases were announced, bringing the total number of cases to 879. 26 were local and the remaining 9 were imported. A total of 19 people were in ICU. ^[133] There were three new clusters: S11 Dormitory  @  Punggol (4 cases), the Wilby Residences (7 cases) and Hero's^{[ clarification needed ]} (5 cases). It was also reported that 16 cases previously admitted to hospital had now been discharged, bringing the total discharged to 228. ^[141] Health Minister Gan Kim Yong once again stressed the importance of social distancing. In addition, National Development Minister Lawrence Wong emphasized why lockdowns might not be sufficient. ^[142]
• 31 March: 47 new cases were recorded. 16 cases were imported. ^[131] A total of 22 people were in ICU. ^[133]

April 2020

Number of cases (blue) and number of deaths (red) on a logarithmic scale.

• 1 April: 74 new cases were recorded. 20 cases were imported. ^[131]

• 2 April: 49 new cases were recorded, bringing the total recorded to 1,049. 8 cases were imported. ^[131] A total of 23 people were reported to be in ICU with 224 discharged. ^[143] A 68-year-old Indonesian man died in the morning due to complications related to COVID-19, bringing the death toll to 4. He was a work pass holder and had returned from Indonesia on 16 March. He was considered an imported case of infection. ^[144]
• 3 April: An 86-year-old Singaporean woman died in the morning due to complications related to COVID-19, according to MOH, having been first admitted to NCID on 31 March. It was reported that this was related to the outbreak at Lee Ah Mooi Old Age Home at 1 Thomson Lane where 12 such cases have since been linked to this cluster. ^[145] On the same day MOH confirmed that there were 65 new cases of COVID-19 infections, bringing the total number of infections to 1,114. From the new cases, 56 were classified as local, with 9 being reported as imported, with some 235 in total as being discharged. ^[146] A total of 25 people were reported to be in ICU. ^[147] MOH also announced 3 new clusters, including Ce La Vi in Marina Bay Sands, Singapore Cricket Club and a construction site in the Raffles Place area. ^[148]
• 4 April: An 88-year-old male Singapore permanent resident died in the morning due to complications related to COVID-19, according to MOH. He was first admitted to NCID on 30 March. ^[149] He had been linked to a cluster at the Singapore Cricket Club. ^[149] It was also announced that there were 75 new cases reported, bringing the total number of infections in Singapore to 1,189 - this the highest daily increase since the pandemic began. Of the total, 69 were reported as local infections while six were imported. ^[150] A total of 26 people were in ICU. ^[133]
• 5 April: There were 120 new cases reported, which was the largest daily increase in Singapore since the pandemic began. This brought the total number of infections in the country to 1,309. Only 4 cases were imported while 32 of the locally reported cases were linked to two foreign worker dormitories, which are S11 Dormitory @ Punggol and Westlite Toh Guan with 62 and 38 cases respectively. ^[151] Preparations were underway to allow Singapore Expo to house clinically well but still positive cases. ^[152]
• 6 April: 66 new COVID-19 cases were reported, with 1 being imported and the remaining 65 being local cases. There were also 2 new clusters: one at Little Gems Preschool and the other at Kranji Lodge workers' dormitory. There were 25 new cases at the S11 Dormitory @ Punggol, bringing the total 88 cases and another 6 new cases at the Toh Guan Dormitory, bringing its total to 14. ^[153]
• 7 April: It was reported that there was 106 new cases related to COVID-19, of which 3 were imported and the remaining 103 were local cases. This brought the total number of cases to 1,481. ^[154]
• 8 April: 142 new cases of COVID-19 were reported, bringing the total number of cases reported to 1,623. This was also highest daily rise since the outbreak began. In addition, an Indian national was posthumously confirmed to have COVID-19 after he passed on. He passed away from ischaemic heart disease, and is not due to complications from COVID-19 infection. ^{[155] [156] [157] [158]}
• 9 April: A record 287 new cases were reported, with 166 of them being linked to the S11 Dormitory @ Punggol cluster. Preliminary investigations linked five dormitory clusters to the Mustafa Centre cluster, where it is believed workers had contracted the virus and carried it back to their dormitories, unknowingly spreading it through close contact. ^{[159] [160]} An 86-year-old woman died in the evening at the NCID. ^[161]
• 10 April: There were 198 new cases reported, with no imported cases, reported total: 2108. 79 were linked to previously reported clusters at foreign worker dormitories. In addition, there were three new clusters: another foreign worker dormitory (31 Sungei Kadut Avenue), a construction site at the National University Hospital (NUH) and the ICA. ^[161] After the announcement on 5 April that Singapore Expo to house some clinically well but still COVID-19 positive cases, the first batch of patients were due to arrive. ^{[162] [163]}
• 11 April: 191 new cases were reported. There were no imported cases. This brought the total to 2,299 reported cases since the outbreak began. An 80-year-old man was reported to have died in the morning at the National Centre for Infectious Diseases after being admitted on 3 April. There were three new clusters reported with two of them being foreign worker dormitories. ^{[164] [165]}
• 12 April: Another 233 new cases were reported, bringing the total number of cases 2,532. Again, there were no imported cases. There were seven new clusters. It was reported that five McDonald's employees from Forum Galleria, Lido, Parklane and Geylang East Central had been diagnosed with COVID-19. Their respective restaurants had been cleaned and shut for the time being. In response to the rising number of cases in foreign worker dormitories, Minister Wong stated that this was to do with increased testing. ^{[166] [167] [168]}
• 13 April: 386 new cases were reported, a record number bringing the total number to 2,918. Most of the new cases came from foreign workers in dormitories. A 65-year-old male Singapore citizen died from complications due to COVID-19, bringing the death toll to 9. Once again, there were no imported cases. 4 new clusters have been reported which includes ABC Hostels, Jalan Kubor and 2 dormitories. ^{[169] [170]}
• 14 April: 334 new cases were reported bringing total number of cases to 3,252. There were no imported cases. 198 were linked to existing clusters, 22 were linked to previous cases. The remaining 114 were unlinked at the time of reporting and were pending contact tracing. A 70-year-old Singaporean man died due to complications from COVID-19, bringing total deaths to 10. ^[171]
• 15 April: There were 447 new cases reported, with the majority (404) coming from foreign worker dormitories. Again there were no imported cases - the fifth day where there had been no new cases from abroad. There were four new clusters identified, three of which were foreign worker dormitories. In addition, a Malaysian national was posthumously confirmed to have COVID-19 after he passed on from causes unrelated to complications from COVID-19 infection. ^{[172] [173]}
• 16 April: 728 new cases were reported, with the majority (654) again being reported from foreign worker dormitories. Again there were no new imported cases. 31 patients were discharged bringing the total of those to have fully recovered to 683. ^[174]
• 17 April: 623 new cases were recorded, of which 22 were citizens or permanent residents; bringing the total to cases reported to date to 5,050. There was 1 imported cases reported. 595 cases were reported to be work permit holders (of which, those not residing in dorms were 37, while dorm residents were 558). A total of 22 people were in ICU, with 2,091 in general wards while 2,218 were in community isolation facilities, private hospitals and community hospitals. To date, 312 cases had been discharged. ^[175] A 95-year-old Singaporean man becomes the 11th fatality as reported by MOH. ^[176]
• 18 April: 942 new cases were recorded, of which 14 were citizens or permanent residents; bringing the total to cases reported to date to 5,992. There were no imported cases reported. 920 cases were reported to be work permit holders (of which, those not residing in dorms were 27, while dorm residents were 893). A total of 23 people were in ICU, with 2,540 in general wards while 2,678 were in community isolation facilities, private hospitals and community hospitals. To date, 328 cases had been discharged. ^[177] Three new clusters are formed. In addition, a Malaysian national who had COVID-19 passed on from a heart attack. ^[178]
• 19 April: 596 new cases were recorded, of which 24 were citizens or permanent residents; bringing the total to cases reported to date to 6,588. There were no imported cases reported. 566 cases were reported to be work permit holders (of which, those not residing in dorms were 22, while dorm residents were 544). A total of 22 people were in ICU, with 2,899 in general wards while 2,888 were in community isolation facilities, private hospitals and community hospitals. To date, 429 cases had been discharged. ^[179]
• 20 April: A record 1,426 cases were reported, of which 18 were citizens or permanent residents; bringing the total to cases reported to date to 8,014. There were no imported cases reported. 1,401 cases were reported to be work permit holders (of which, those not residing in dorms were 32, while dorm residents were 1,369). A total of 23 people were in ICU, with 3,397 in general wards while 3,782 were in community isolation facilities, private hospitals and community hospitals. To date, 449 cases had been discharged. ^{[180] [181]}
• 21 April: 1,111 new cases were recorded, of which 20 were citizens or permanent residents; bringing the total to cases reported to date to 9,125. There were no imported cases reported. 1,083 cases were reported to be work permit holders (of which, those not residing in dorms were 33, while dorm residents were 1,050). A total of 27 people were in ICU, with 3,566 in general wards while 4,682 were in community isolation facilities, private hospitals and community hospitals. To date, 468 cases had been discharged. ^[181]
• 22 April: 1,016 new cases were recorded, of which 15 were citizens or permanent residents; bringing the total to cases reported to date to 10,141. There were no imported cases reported. 999 cases were reported to be work permit holders (of which, those not residing in dorms were 32, while dorm residents were 967). A total of 25 people were in ICU with 4,209 in general wards while 4,999 were in community isolation facilities, private hospitals and community hospitals. To date, 483 cases had been discharged. ^[182] An 84-year-old Singaporean woman died a result of complications due to COVID-19, bringing the total number of deaths related to COVID-19 to 12. ^{[183] [182]}
• 23 April: 1,037 new cases were recorded, of which 22 were citizens or permanent residents; bringing the total to cases reported to date to 11,178. There were no imported cases reported. 1,012 cases were reported to be work permit holders (of which, those not residing in dorms were 30, while dorm residents were 982). A total of 26 people were in ICU, with 1,342 in general wards while 8,874 were in community isolation facilities, private hospitals and community hospitals. To date, 490 cases had been discharged. ^[184] Earlier in the morning, an Indian national who had COVID-19 was found dead at a staircase landing, with the cause of death due to falling from height. ^{[185] [36]}
• 24 April: 897 new cases were recorded, of which 13 are citizens or permanent residents. This brings the total to 12,075. ^[186] There were no imported cases reported. ^[187]
• 25 April: 618 new cases were recorded, of which 7 are citizens or permanent residents. This brings the total to 12,693. ^[188] In addition, Changi Exhibition Centre becomes the third Community Isolation Facility to receive patients. ^[189] There were no imported cases reported. ^[190]
• 26 April: 931 new cases were recorded, of which 15 are citizens or permanent residents. This brings the total to 13,624. ^[191] There were two imported cases. ^[192]
• 27 April: 799 new cases were recorded, of which 14 are citizens or permanent residents. This brings the total to 14,423. Later, two more deaths caused by COVID-19 complications are confirmed involving an 82-year-old Singaporean man and an 81-year-old Singaporean man. ^[193] There were no imported cases reported. ^[194]
• 28 April: 528 new cases were recorded, of which 7 were citizens or permanent residents; bringing the total to cases reported to date to 14,951. There were no imported cases reported. 518 cases were reported to be work permit holders (of which, those not residing in dorms were 7, while dorm residents were 511). A total of 21 people were in ICU with 1,688 in general wards while 12,120 were in care facilities, previously called isolation facilities and include community isolation facilities, private hospitals and community hospitals and other care facilities. To date, 577 cases had been discharged. ^[195]
• 29 April: 690 new cases were recorded, of which 6 are citizens or permanent residents. This brings the total to 15,641. There were no imported cases reported. ^[196]
• 30 April: 528 new cases were recorded, of which 6 were citizens or permanent residents; bringing the total to cases reported to date to 16,169. There were no imported cases reported. 519 cases were reported to be work permit holders (of which, those not residing in dorms were 31, while dorm residents were 488). A total of 21 people were in ICU, with 1,687 in general wards while 13,202 were in care facilities. To date, 620 cases had been discharged. ^[197] A 58-year-old Singaporean woman died of complications related to COVID-19, bringing the total number of deaths to 15. In addition, 12 new clusters were uncovered including at the Institute of Mental Health. ^[198]

May 2020

• 1 May: 932 new cases were recorded, of which 5 were citizens or permanent residents; bringing the total to cases reported to date to 17,101. There were no imported cases reported. 921 cases were reported to be work permit holders (of which, those not residing in dorms were 16, while dorm residents were 905). A total of 23 people were in ICU, with 1,741 in general wards while 14,053 were in care facilities. To date, 638 cases had been discharged. ^[199] A 60-year-old Singaporean man died of complications related to COVID-19, bringing the total number of deaths to 16. ^[200]
• 2 May: 447 new cases were recorded, of which 4 were citizens or permanent residents; bringing the total to cases reported to date to 17,548. There were no imported cases reported. 441 cases were reported to be work permit holders (of which, those not residing in dorms were 10, while dorm residents were 431). A total of 24 people were in ICU with 1,686 in general wards while 14,474 were in care facilities. To date, 662 cases had been discharged. ^[201] A 76-year-old Singaporean man died from complications related to COVID-19, bringing the total number of deaths to 17, while a 47-year-old Bangladeshi man died before being confirmed to have COVID-19, with the cause of death being investigated. ^[202]
• 3 May: 657 new cases were recorded, of which 10 are citizens or permanent residents. This brings the total to 18,205. The Ministry of Health attributed the fluctuation of cases in recent days to a case backlog in a laboratory, with steps to fix that in progress. An 86-year-old Singaporean woman died from complications related to COVID-19, bringing the total number of deaths to 18. ^{[203] [204]}

Preventive measures

January 2020

• 2 January: The Ministry of Health (MOH) issued a health advisory and implemented temperature checks for passengers arriving in Changi Airport from Wuhan the following day. ^[205]
• 20 January: Temperature screening at Changi Airport was extended to all travellers coming from China. In addition, individuals with pneumonia who had travelled to Wuhan within 14 days before the onset of symptoms were isolated in hospital. ^{[109] [108]}
• 22 January: Quarantine measures were extended to travellers who arrived from China and displayed symptoms. ^[110] After three more suspected cases were detected, a multi-ministry taskforce was convened to tackle the issues caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The MOH advised against non-essential trips to Wuhan ^[6] and expanded the travel advisory the following day to all of Hubei. ^[206] MINDEF issued two medical advisories to service personnel. ^[207]
• 23 January: Schools have asked parents to declare their travel plans and monitor their children's health. ^{[208] [209]}
• Between 23 and 26 January: Scoot cancelled flights to Wuhan over the virus pandemic, after a lockdown was imposed. ^[210] The suspension was later extended to 29 March. ^[211]
• 24 January:
  • With the first confirmed local case, border control measures were enhanced and extended to land and sea checkpoints with the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority and Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore starting temperature checks from noon of that day. ^{[212] [213]}
  • Holiday chalets were being prepared as quarantine centres. Some of these chalets had served as quarantine centres in previous outbreaks, such as the 2003 SARS outbreak and 2009 flu pandemic. ^[214] Measures such as temperature screening and quarantine facilities were put in place at foreign worker dormitories. ^[215] Transportation companies like ComfortDelGro, SMRT and private hire operators have since taken more precautions against the virus with hand sanitisers, disinfectants and masks provided. Advisories were also distributed. ^[216]
  • On the same day, a Scoot flight was delayed in Hangzhou for six hours after one passenger was sent for further testing, causing passengers and crew to be quarantined. ^[217] The flight returned with Singaporeans three days later. ^[218]
• 25 January: MOH imposed a visitor limit of two per patient in hospitals to slow the spread of the virus. Some hospitals have discouraged children from visiting. ^[219]
• 27 January:
  • Singaporeans were advised to avoid non-essential travel to China. ^[220] Temperature screening at Changi Airport was also expanded to all incoming flights from 29 January, with extra scrutiny on flights from China and passengers from Hubei. In addition, people returning from China were asked to fill health and travel declarations and monitor their health with regular temperature checks for two weeks. ^{[221] [222]} A 14-day leave of absence (LOA) was imposed on students and teachers as well as workers who work with vulnerable populations, such as pre-schoolers, the elderly and the sick, returning from mainland China. Students were asked to do home-based learning instead. ^{[220] [223] [224]} In addition to the chalets, university hostels at National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, and Singapore Management University were prepared as quarantine facilities. ^[225] Other measures include expanded communication channels, cleaning protocols and disinfection of premises after incidents. ^[226]
  • Taxi companies like ComfortDelGro, SMRT, Premier Taxi and Trans-Cab announced a waiver of cab rental fees should any driver get quarantined. ^[227]
  • The government clamped down on false statements and rumours, ^[228] with the first being a HardwareZone forum receiving a Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (POFMA) notice on a false claim that one man had died due to the virus. The post is deleted a day before the notice is issued. ^[229]
• 28 January:
  • Enhanced quarantine measures were announced for those returning from Hubei and those of a higher risk, coming after the detection of seven cases at that point. In addition, travellers from Hubei were denied entry from noon of 29 January. All forms of visas for Hubei travellers were suspended immediately. ^{[230] [231]} A $100 allowance per day will be provided to those self-employed under quarantine orders, with home quarantine options available. Hospital bills will be paid by MOH for all suspected and confirmed cases of the virus as the illness is caused by an emerging disease. ^[232] With the restrictions in place, the Ministry of Manpower started rejecting new applications for workers from Hubei, with existing applications unaffected. ^[233] In a joint media statement by the Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) and the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), National Service (NS) pre-enlistees who had travelled to China and been due for enlistment were given a mandatory leave of absence of up to 14 days. ^{[234] [235]}
  • Facebook is issued a correction notice over a post falsely claiming the closure of Woodlands station due to the virus. ^[236]
• 29 January:
  • Singapore Airlines announced a suspension of layovers from 30 January for cabin crew and pilots to Beijing and Shanghai, in a move to protect the safety of all crew. Jetstar Asia will suspend flights to Hefei, Guiyang and Xuzhou in China from 30 January until 31 March, after which the suspension will be reviewed. ^[237]
  • The National Environment Agency released temporary guidelines on disinfecting homes with coronavirus patients to prevent infections even when infected patients are isolated elsewhere. ^[238]
  • Enterprise Singapore advised companies to defer trips to China and avoid Hubei province, along with travel and health checks on their staff. They are also advised to make continuity plans in view of the outbreak. It will also work with Singapore Business Federation on a continuity plan guide for companies. ^[239]
  • Outward Bound Singapore camps in Pulau Ubin have been designated quarantine facilities. ^[240]
• 30 January:
  • The Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) has asked Deen Express to explain their mask prices, and ask Lazada, Carousell and Qoo10 to reveal profiteers of masks. ^{[241] [242]}
  • Public transport operators SBS Transit and SMRT stepped up cleaning efforts, including cleaning surfaces of commonly touched areas, as well as disinfecting vehicles. ^[243]
• 31 January:
  • The Ministry of Communications and Information (MCI) no longer exempts social media platforms, search engines and Internet intermediaries from complying with the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (POFMA) due to the coronavirus, with these platforms required to comply with general correction directions issued. The exemptions initially applied when the law took effect in October 2019. ^[244]
  • All new visitors with recent travel history to mainland China within the last 14 days were denied entry from 1 February at 11.59pm. ^[245]

February 2020

• 1 February: The government distributed four surgical masks to each household, first announced on 30 January. ^{[246] [247]} These masks are meant to be used by the ill in their visit to clinics. The distribution came after a scramble for surgical and N95 masks, hand sanitisers, and thermometers, ^[248] which led to shortages and price gouging. ^[242]
• 4 February: Individuals who had recent close contact with people with travel history to mainland China were contacted in tracing as well. ^[120] In cases where detection of infected patients happened cross border, authorities would begin epidemiological investigations and identify individuals who had close contact of the case patient upon receiving notification, as seen in the case of a Malaysian who tested positive in Malaysia and likely to have acquired the virus after a meeting with colleagues from China, including one from Wuhan, in Singapore. ^[249]
• 9 February: All Work Pass holders with travel history to mainland China within the last 14 days were required to obtain Ministry of Manpower's prior approval before attempting to enter Singapore. ^[250]
• 14 February:
  • The Ministry of Health reactivated Public Health Preparedness Clinics (PHPCs) and advised doctors to give five days of medical leave for patients with respiratory symptoms. ^[251]
  • Grab started GrabCare for healthcare workers. This comes after reports of discrimination due to COVID-19, making it difficult for healthcare workers to get rides. ^[252]
• 17 February: Stay-Home Notices were announced for all Singapore residents and long-term pass holders returning from China, taking effect from 18 February. They were not allowed to leave home within 14 days of arrival, with penalties for breaches. ^[253]
• 23 February: MOH expanded its health advisory to Daegu and Cheongdo in South Korea after the number of cases there spiked quickly. The definition of suspect cases was also expanded to include travellers arriving from these two cities. ^[254]
• 25 February: Singapore announced a ban on visitors arriving from Cheongdo and Daegu in South Korea from 26 February, following a large increase in the number of confirmed cases there. Singapore citizens, permanent residents and long-term pass holders returning from Cheongdo and Daegu within the last 14 days were issued a Stay-Home Notice (SHN) lasting 14 days. ^[255]
• 28 February: Singapore biotech company Veredus launched a COVID-19 test kit for in-vitro diagnosis. It can be used by hospitals and laboratories to confirm clinical diagnoses with 99% accuracy in just two hours. ^{[256] [ clarification needed ]}

March 2020

• 3 March: Singapore will ban visitors arriving from South Korea, Iran and northern Italy from 4 March, with Singapore citizens, permanent residents and long-term pass holders returning from these places to be issued Stay-Home Notices (SHN) lasting 14 days. In addition, all travellers entering Singapore with fever or signs of respiratory illness will be required to undergo swab tests, with penalties for refusal. The travel advisory was expanded to include Iran, northern Italy, Japan and South Korea. ^[257]
• 7 March: The People's Association suspends activities and classes and activities attended by confirmed cases for 14 days, as well as all singing classes at affected Community Centres and Residents' Committees. This comes after several people from the SAFRA Jurong cluster attended these lessons. ^[258]
• 10 March: MOH announced that government agencies will suspend activities for seniors from 11 March for 14 days. This comes after many people went out while unwell. In addition, social distancing will be implemented for other activities. Senior care services will continue running with additional precautions. ^[259]
• 13 March: Singapore announced a ban on visitors arriving from Italy, France, Spain and Germany from 15 March at 11.59pm, with Singapore citizens, permanent residents and long-term pass holders returning from these places to be issued Stay-Home Notices (SHN) lasting 14 days. Singapore citizens are also advised to defer all non-essential travel to Italy, France, Spain and Germany, review travel plans and exercise caution while travelling. ^[260] Singapore also ceased port calls for all cruise vessels with immediate effect. ^[261] Any traveller showing symptoms at checkpoints will serve SHNs lasting 14 days, even with negative results for COVID-19. All new ticketed cultural, sports and entertainment events with 250 people or more must be deferred or cancelled. If tickets are already sold, event organisers must take measures to ensure safety of participants before being allowed to proceed. Organisers of gatherings are advised to reduce crowds and contact between people, as well as public venues. ^[262] Employers are also advised to allow employees to telecommute, stagger work hours and commute at off-peak hours. ^[263]
• 15 March: Singapore announced all people who enter Singapore with recent travel history to ASEAN countries, Japan, Switzerland and the United Kingdom will be issued with a 14-day stay-home notice. In addition, all short-term visitors who are nationals of any ASEAN country will have to submit requisite information on their health to the Singapore Overseas Mission in the country before their intended date of travel. Short-term visitor should have to be approved by MOH. Separate arrangements are being worked out for travellers arriving from Malaysia by land and sea checkpoints in view of the close proximity between the two countries. Travellers are also advised to defer all non-essential travel for the next 30 days. ^[264]
• 16 March: Incoming FDWs would be required to serve a 14-day stay at home notice. If they were new FDWs they would have to stay at another accommodation such as dormitories, hostels or hotels before they could start working. For those returning, they could stay at the employer's residential address for the stay at home notice, or an alternative accommodation at the employer's expense. ^[265]
• 18 March: Singapore announced all travellers entering Singapore from 20 March, 11.59pm will be issued a 14-day Stay-Home Notice. In addition, more social distancing measures could be proposed. Singaporeans are advised to defer all travel abroad in a bid to reduce imported cases. ^{[266] [267]}
• 20 March: The Government Technology Agency launched a smartphone app TraceTogether to boost contact tracing efforts, the first such app in the world. ^{[268] [269]} In addition; more social distancing measures were announced, including the suspension of all events and gatherings with 250 people or more with immediate effect until 30 June, ensuring 1 metre separation in public venues, and suspending all activities for seniors for another 14 days until 7 April. ^{[270] [271]} A guide on safe distancing measures has also been drawn up by Enterprise Singapore and Singapore Tourism Board. ^[272]
• 21 March: The Ministry of Manpower revoked 89 work passes for breaching entry approval and Stay-Home Notice (SHN) requirements. ^[273]
• 22 March: Singapore announced a ban on all short-term visitors arriving or transiting through Singapore starting from 23 March, 11.59pm. This comes after a spike in imported cases of COVID-19. Only people working in essential services like healthcare services and transport will be allowed into Singapore during this time. In addition, the Singapore-Malaysia Special Working Committee have agreed to have Malaysians with work permits to continue working in Singapore. Discussions are ongoing. ^[274]
• 23 March: The Immigration and Checkpoints Authority announced that from 27 March, 9:00am, all travellers arriving in Singapore, including Singapore citizens and permanent residents, must submit a health declaration online prior to proceeding with immigration clearance. Those who do not submit their health declaration prior to arriving in Singapore will be required to do so upon arrival at the checkpoint. In addition, all hardcopy immigration forms will no longer be issued from 27 March. ^{[275] [276]} On the same day, the Ministry of Health also mentioned that COVID-19 patients who are well and stable are being transferred to selected hospitals. 20 patients were sent to Concord International Hospital and 29 patients were sent to Mount Elizabeth Hospital. This is to free up space in public hospitals. ^[277]
• 24 March: It was announced that from 26 March, any resident returning from the US or the UK would be required to serve their SHN in dedicated hotels. ^{[278] [279]} Returnees would be charged full hospital rates if they left Singapore from 27 March and were admitted for treatment of COVID-19 within 14 days of their return. ^[280] All entertainment outlets, nightclubs, bars, places of worship, attractions and tuition centres were closed from 26 March, and all mass events were cancelled regardless of size. Groups other than for work and school purposes will be limited to 10 people at any time, as well as for groups for diners and private worship. The remaining public places such as transit stations and shopping centres were required to reduce crowd density to one person per 16 square metres of space, failing which they will be asked to close. These measures will last and the review will be conducted. These measures took effect from 27 March with 1 metre (3.3 ft) of social distancing enforced. ^{[281] [282]}
• 26 March: New regulations were created to enforce breaches in legislation, such Stay-Home Notices being violated. Punishments included jail terms of up to 6 months, fines of up to S$10,000 or both. ^[283]
• 27 March: Ministry of Education announced that schools (Primary, Secondary & Centralized Institutes) will implement one day of Home Based Learning (HBL). ^[284]
• 28 March: The government issued advice via WhatsApp that people should stay at home and should avoid malls with the exception of buying essentials such as food and groceries. ^[285]
• 29 March:
  • According to the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Manpower, all long term pass holders (i.e. long-term visit pass holders, student pass holders or those with an in-principle approval for a long term pass) are required to get approval for entry before they arrive in Singapore. The penalty for not having an approval letter would result in refused admission, turned around and pay for their flight out of Singapore^{[ clarification needed ]} within 48 hours. Non-compliance will result in having their pass or in-principle approval cancelled. ^[286]
  • The Immigration and Checkpoints Authority cancelled the passport of a Singaporean as he did not abide by his Stay-Home Notice. He was not allowed to leave the country even though he is a Singaporean citizen. ^[287]

April 2020

• 3 April: With evidence of growing spread within the community and the risk of asymptomatic spread, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong announced a much stricter set of measures that would be implemented from 7 April to at least 4 May, collectively called a "circuit breaker". All non-essential workplaces, including Singapore Pools, will be closed during this period. Schools will move to home-based learning, and preschools will close except to provide services for parents without alternative care arrangements, from 8 April to 4 May. ^{[288] [289]} All food establishments will provide only take-away and delivery services. The authorities will no longer dissuade the general public from using masks and will distribute reusable masks to every household from 5 to 12 April. Graduation ceremonies will not be held during this time. ^[290] The Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) also announced that they would defer all in-camp training and individual physical proficiency tests for operationally-ready NSmen until 4 May, while those in administrative roles will work from home wherever possible. ^[291] Marina Bay Sands also announced that it would suspending all services during this period. This would include the all the attractions such as the ArtScience Museum, The Shoppes, as well as food and beverage outlets. The casino was also to close for the aforementioned time. All reservations during those nights would be cancelled. ^[292]
• 4 April: Expanding on the measures announced on 24 March, the government announced that the 14-day SHN at dedicated hotels for US and UK returnees, would also include returning residents from ASEAN countries, France, India and Switzerland. ^[293]
• 5 April:
  • The Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA) announced that it will be restricting counter services at its Kallang building and people should use the electronic services. Only those with pre-approved appointments will be allowed entry. ^[294]
  • S11 Dormitory @ Punggol and Westlite Toh Guan are declared isolation areas under the Infectious Diseases Act by MOH to control COVID-19 cases there, the first two dormitories to do so. This results in 13,000 and 6,800 workers being quarantined respectively. ^[151]
  • Two were arrested for leaking a draft statement on school closures on WhatsApp before the official announcement at 4.30 pm, breaching the Official Secrets Act. ^[295]
• 6 April:
  • Graduation ceremonies for the 2020 cohort scheduled for May and July at the Institute of Technical Education (ITE) and Polytechnics are cancelled. ^[296]
  • The Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) announces its suspension of Basic Military Training (BMT) from 7 April to 4 May due to the minimal impact it will have on operations as active units would be able to provide cover. The Singapore Police Force and Singapore Civil Defence Force followed suit. ^[297]
  • Changi Airport Terminal 2 will be suspended for 18 months from 1 May. ^[298]
  • The Singapore Prison Service will suspend family visits from 7 April to 4 May due to COVID-19. ^[299]
  • Toh Guan Dormitory is declared an isolation area under the Infectious Diseases Act by MOH, the third dormitory to do so. ^[300]
• 7 April: A new Bill was passed that allows the Minister to issue regulations to control the spread of COVID-19. From 8 April, the regulations include a ban on private gatherings regardless of size with families and friends not living together, at home, or in public places such as parks, HDB void decks and common property of private estates. ^[301] The law will also allow the Minister to close premises to minimize risks of infection, and acquire land and property for patient isolation purposes. The regulations will last at least until the end of the circuit breaker period, while the law is expected to last between 6 and 12 months. ^[302]
• 8 April: Following on the rules announced on 24 March and 4 April, it was announced that all returning Singapore residents would serve out their 14-day SHN at hotels from 9 April. ^[303]
• 9 April:
  • Sungei Tengah Lodge is declared an isolation area under the Infectious Diseases Act by MOH, the fourth dormitory to do so. ^[304]
  • MOH announced that all hospitals would restrict visitors except in exceptional circumstances. ^[305]
  • in spite of the several requests for gatherings to be reduced and limited made by the COVID-19 Multi-Ministry Task Force, many would still gather in groups in public areas. Hence, the Task Force announced that stadiums will be closed, and that further measures will be tightened if the people do not adhere to the regulations. In addition, parents will not be allowed to drop their children at their grandparents' place on a daily basis, to protect seniors from infections. ^[306]
  • In order to deal with the COVID-19 outbreak in foreign worker dormitories, it was announced that several measures were being put in place to help reduce transmission: workers would no longer prepare their own meals, these would be provided for them; disinfection and rubbish clearance would be increased. At the same time, it was announced that those foreign workers who were well and worked in critical services would be housed in alternative accommodation such as HDB blocks which had been purchased as part of the Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme, military camps such as Bedok Camp II and Jurong Camp II, Changi Exhibition Centre and offshore hotels. ^{[307] [308]}
  • Following several security breaches involving obscene content, the Ministry of Education suspended the use of Zoom and will be investigating the matter. ^[309]
  • Parkway Pantai Group Hospitals, Mount Alvernia Hospital and Farrer Park Hospital have reserved beds to receive COVID-19 patients to free up load at Public Hospitals. ^[310]
• 10 April:
  • Tampines Dormitory is declared as an Isolation Area under the Infectious Disease Act, the fifth dormitory to do so. ^[311]
  • MOM and the Land Transport Authority announced new distancing guidelines for those transporting essential workers on lorries. ^[312]
  • With the increase in the number of cases of foreign workers being infected, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong appeared on television to address the ways in which they were working to support these workers. At the same time, he stressed the need of people to not visit each other and to conform to social distancing. ^[313]
  • The National Environment Agency (NEA) requires anyone entering markets to wear face masks from 12 April. ^[314]
• 11 April:
  • Following on from the announcement on 9 April that involved moving healthy key foreign workers to other places to live on a temporary basis, it was announced foreign workers would also be housed, albeit temporarily, in a variety of different locations including void decks and car parks of HDBs which were still under construction and possibly in floating facilities run by a variety of private companies. ^{[315] [316]}
  • Transport Minister Khaw Boon Wan said that even after the circuit breaker is lifted, people using public transport will be required to wear masks as safe distancing would not be possible. The Singapore Food Agency said that masks would be required for anyone who sells or prepares food. Failure to comply could result in a fine or stoppage of operations. Anyone who went to supermarkets, convenience stores, pharmacies or shopping malls would need to wear a masks or they would be refused entry according to Enterprise Singapore and the Singapore Tourism Board. ^{[317] [318] [319]}
  • National Development Minister Lawrence Wong announced that all beaches in Singapore are closed to the public. ^[320]
  • MOM released a statement encouraging Foreign Domestic Workers (FDWs) to remain at home on their designated rest days. ^[321]
  • From 12 April, offenders who breach the circuit breaker measures will be fined immediately. Originally, the first offence would result in written warnings, the second resulting in a fine and prosecution from the third offence. This comes after many people did not take safe distancing measures seriously. Selected parts of park and nature reserves were closed off. ^[322]
• 12 April:
  • Two more dormitories are declared as isolation areas, which are Acacia Lodge and Cochrane Lodge 1. This is after new clusters were formed there. ^[323] Another dormitory, Cochrane Lodge II, was declared as an isolation area hours later. ^{[166] [324]}
  • All playfields managed by Singapore Land Authority (SLA) are closed with immediate effect due to people not abiding by safe distancing rules. ^[325]
  • For failing to abide by the circuit breaker, a work pass holder had his work pass revoked and banned from working in Singapore ever again. ^[326]
• 13 April:
  • MOM announced that it had revoked the work passes of 24 people for failing to observe the social distancing measures set out by the circuit breaker. These former work pass holders would also be banned from working in Singapore. ^[327]
  • After banning the use of Zoom on 9 April for Home-Based Learning, MOE announced that schools can resume its use after implementing new safety measures. ^[328]
• 14 April: Minister for National Development Lawrence Wong announced that wearing a mask was compulsory when not at home, with fines and ultimately prosecution for offenders. Plans are also underway to tighten the list of essential services to ensure distancing. ^[329]
• 15 April: Due the high number of interactions that delivery drivers have with various members of society, delivery drivers were warned that they could be suspended, on top of already existing penalties. ^[330]
• 16 April: Mandai Lodge 1 is declared as an isolation area due to the new cluster being formed. ^{[331] [332]}
• 17 April: Three dormitories, Shaw Lodge Dormitory, North Coast Lodge and Tuas View Dormitory are declared as isolation areas after a rise in infections there, bringing the total to 12. ^[333]
• 18 April: Kranji Lodge 1 is declared an isolation area, bringing the total to 13. ^[334]
• 19 April: McDonald's Singapore suspended operations until 4 May as advised by the Ministry of Health. This was due to new clusters being formed at restaurants. ^[335]
• 20 April: Five dormitories, Avery Lodge, Cassia @ Penjuru, Westlite Mandai Dormitory, PPT Lodge 1A, and Jurong Penjuru Dormitory 1 are declared isolation areas, bringing the total to 18. ^[336]
• 21 April:
  • A factory-converted dormitory is declared an isolation area, bringing the total to 19. ^[337]
  • Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong announced that the circuit breaker would be extended to 1 June, partly due to a sustained number of unlinked cases in the community. Existing measures would also be tightened until 4 May, including tightening the list of essential services, and restricting entry to certain hotspots such as wet markets. In addition, all workers residing in dormitories will not be allowed to work until 4 May, ^[338] and measures announced as part of the Solitary Budget will be extended to May, costing an additional S$3.8 billion. ^{[339] [340] [341]}
  • Crowd control will be implemented at four wet markets, with the last digit of NRICs to determine entry (even for even days, odd for odd days). ^[342]
  • The list of essential services are tightened, with standalone food and beverage shops and barber shops not allowed to operate from 11.59pm. Eateries and vending machines in parks will also be shut. Optician shops will not allow walk-ins from 22 April, while pet and laundry shops can only operate online with physical shops closed. Other restrictions include staff cuts in shops, recording workers' entry and exit, a ban on cross-deployment, as well as temperature taking and particulars for contact tracing before entering supermarkets and malls. ^[343]
  • The June school holidays will be moved forward to 5 May in view of the extended circuit breaker, with lessons resuming on 2 June. Exams will also be rescheduled, and Term 3 will be longer with a short break from 20 to 26 July. Common last topics usually tested in national examinations will not be covered to account for lost curriculum time. These topics will still be taught. ^[344]
• 23 April:
  • Two dormitories, Homestay Lodge and Changi Lodge 2 are declared isolation areas, bringing the total to 21. ^[345]
  • A civil servant was arrested for leaking out COVID-19 case numbers on 16 April and will be charged for the breach of Official Secrets Act. ^[346]
  • It was reported that a new 15,000 bedder facility would be opened to house either COVID-19 patients or foreign workers at the Tanjong Pagar Terminal. ^[347]
• 24 April: Four more dormitories, Tuas South Dormitory, Jurong Penjuru Dormitory 2, CDPL Tuas Dormitory and 21B Senoko Loop are declared isolation areas, bringing the total to 25. ^[348]
• 26 April: A 60-year-old British man was deported and barred from re-entering Singapore after providing false information regarding his travel history. He had entered the Family Justice Courts and declared that he had not been away from Singapore for 14 days when he had in fact returned from Hong Kong within a 14-day period before entering the FJC. ^[349]

May 2020

• 1 May: SHN for those holding construction work permits and S Passes is extended to 18 May. ^[350]
• 2 May: Some Circuit Breaker measures will be eased, with TCM shops and essential condo activities allowed from 5 May, and businesses like home-based bakeries, some food shops, barbers, manufacturing of confectionery, and laundry allowed from 12 May. In addition, schools will be allowed to resume face-to-face lessons for smaller groups in graduating cohorts and those requiring urgent assistance from 19 May. ^{[351] [352]}

Domestic impact

Economical impact

The ongoing pandemic is likely to have a significant impact on the local economy. On 17 February, the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) downgraded Singapore's forecast GDP growth to between -0.5% and 1.5%. ^[353] This is largely due to a slowdown in Singapore's export markets, disruptions in global supply chains, a fall in tourism and a fall in domestic consumption. ^[353] On 26 March 2020, MTI said it believed that the economy would contract by between 1% and 4% in 2020. This was after the economy shrank some 2.2% in the first quarter of 2020 from the same quarter in 2019. ^[354] On 2 April, the rating's agency Moody's downgraded the Singapore banking sector from "stable" outlook to a "negative" outlook on the back of rising bad loans and deteriorating profitability as a result of the coronavirus outbreak. ^[355] It was estimated by the economist Chua Hak Bin, the lockdown "circuit breaker" beginning on 7 April could impact the economy to the tune of S$10 billion. ^[356] Kit Wei Zheng at Citigroup argued that the economy would contract 8.5 per cent in 2020 as a result of the extension of the circuit breaker announced on 21 April. ^[357] With the lockdown imposed on foreign workers, there were concerns that there could be delays in construction work of up to 6 months. ^[358] Data released by the Ministry of Manpower showed that total employment contracted by 19,900 in Q1 2020, which was the biggest drop since SARS in 2003. ^[359]

Inflation

The overall inflation dropped to 0.3% in February 2020 on a year-by-year basis, the first time this decade that inflation turned negative. This was also due to supply chains being disrupted due to COVID-19. ^[360]

Stocks

On 9 March, the Straits Times Index fell 6.03% owing to the impact of COVID-19, made worse by the oil price war. ^[361] The Index dropped again three days later by 3.8% after more measures are announced with the World Health Organization declaring a pandemic. ^[362]

Monetary policy

The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) brought forward its twice year meeting from some time in April to 30 March. ^[363] The MAS has since decided to ease the Singapore dollar's appreciation rate to zero percent, as well as adjust the policy band downwards, the first such move since the Global Financial Crisis. This makes it the first time the MAS had taken these two measures together. ^[364] Unusually, on 6 April, the central bank also announced that it would bring forward its disclosure of foreign exchange intervention to 9 April. It was previously scheduled to be published in June. ^[365]

Tourism & events

As one of the countries highly affected by the pandemic, tourism in Singapore has fallen, with the Singapore Tourism Board predicting a 25 to 30 percent drop in visitor arrivals from the previous year. ^[366] Several countries have imposed travel restrictions on Singapore. ^[367] Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong encouraged Singaporeans to go on a local 'staycation' to mitigate the fall in demand for tourism. ^[368]

Due to the 2019 Hong Kong protests, many conferences and exhibitions were transferred to Singapore. ^{[369] [370]} However, as a result of the coronavirus, many of such events, including concerts, were postponed or cancelled.

Several exhibitors (which eventually numbered to 70) ^[371] and South Korea's Black Eagles decided to pull out of the Singapore Airshow. ^[372] In addition, an aviation conference was cancelled to allow leaders to deal with the coronavirus. ^[373] Several days later, Lockheed Martin and Raytheon pulled out of the Airshow, while the United States Department of Defense reduced its delegation size. ^[374] The Global Grain Conference in Singapore was postponed to sometime in June or July. ^[375] Mediacorp postponed its Star Awards ceremony to the second half of 2020, initially scheduled for 26 April. ^[376] The Shangri-La Dialogue defence summit that was scheduled to take place between 5 and 7 June at the Shangri-La Hotel was cancelled. ^[377] The 2020 HSBC Women's World Championship, a women's golf tournament initially scheduled from 27 February to 1 March, was cancelled. ^{[378] [379]} The 12th session of Pink Dot SG (which was scheduled to be held on 27 June at Hong Lim Park) was replaced by a livestreaming session. ^[380]

Singer Miriam Yeung postponed a concert that was initially scheduled on 8 February. ^[381] More concerts followed suit, including K-pop concerts by Taeyeon, NCT Group, ^[382] Got7 (initially scheduled on 22 February), ^[383] Stage Club play, ^[384] Welsh singer Novo Amor (postponed to July), ^[385] 98 Degrees (initially scheduled on 20 February), ^[386] and First Fleet (a Mandarin play initially from 14 to 23 February, rescheduled to March 2021). ^[387] K-pop band Winner cancelled its concert, which was scheduled to be held on 8 February. Several Huayi events in Esplanade were cancelled due to travel restrictions. ^[384]

Societal impact

Local shopping

The retail and food industry has been significantly affected by the drop in consumer spending. Foot traffic in shopping malls dropped, ^[388] with some malls choosing to shorten their opening hours. ^[389] Tenants are pushing landlords for rental rebates, citing significant drops in revenue. ^[390]

Several malls and landlords including Jewel Changi Airport and CapitaLand have implemented rental rebates. ^{[391] [392]} The National Environment Agency (NEA) has also implemented rent waivers and rebates for all stallholders in hawker centres operated by NEA or NEA-appointed operators. ^[393]

According to CapitaLand in February 2020, foot traffic at malls were almost back to normal. ^[388] However, on 28 March, after the government reminded the public to remain at home and not to visit places unless it was essential, The Straits Times reported that the Orchard Road shopping area was noticeably quieter. ^[394]

In response to the government's lockdown measures for April, Suntec City announced that it would waive rent for all tenants for the month of April. ^[395]

Panic buying and price gouging

Panic buying and price gouging of personal protective equipment (PPEs) such as masks began with the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Singapore on 23 January 2020. ^[4] By 24 January, both N95 and surgical masks had run out at retail outlets. ^[396] The Ministry of Health assured the public that there were sufficient N95 masks in the event of a surge in demand. ^[396] This has prompted local retailers including NTUC FairPrice, Watsons and Guardian to impose limits on the number of masks, hand sanitisers and thermometers each consumer can buy. ^[397] The government has urged the public to only wear masks if they are unwell, citing unsustainable consumption patterns and the possibility of a false sense of security. ^{[398] [399]}

The shortage of masks and other PPEs has caused many retailers to engage in profiteering by price gouging and scalping. ^[242] This included both local brick-and-mortar stores as well as retailers on ecommerce platforms. ^{[242] [400]} The government has applauded platforms Carousell and Qoo10 for threatening to suspend profiteers. ^[400] The governmental price controller has also issued warnings to retailers who engage in price gouging and requested information from e-commerce platforms on potential profiteers. ^{[242] [401] [402]}

Panic buying and hoarding of essentials such as rice, instant noodles and toilet paper occurred with the raising of the DORSCON level from yellow to orange on 7 February 2020, with empty shelves at supermarkets within hours. ^[403] In response, both the government and local retailers stated that there was sufficient supply of essentials, urging Singaporeans not to hoard. ^{[404] [405]} Local supermarket chain NTUC Fairprice imposed limits on the amount of essentials each consumer can buy, with these limits initially set for paper products, rice products, instant noodle packets and vegetables. ^[406] NTUC Fairprice and Dairy Farm Singapore announced that it would introduce specific hours for those members of the community who were more vulnerable such as Pioneer Generation members. ^[407]

A second wave of panic buying and hoarding occurred on 17 March when Malaysia announced its lockdown from 18 March, sparked by fears of food shortages. The government has clarified that the flow of goods, cargo and food supplies between Singapore and Malaysia will continue, urging the public not to panic buy. They added that Singapore has diverse sources of essential goods and was not facing an immediate shortage of food or essentials. ^[408] NTUC Fairprice has expanded its list of items that are limited per consumer to include eggs, vegetables and poultry. ^[409] 10 days later, NTUC FairPrice expanded its list to include canned food, cooking oil and frozen meat, with reduced purchasing limits for paper products. ^[410]

In order to deal with the massive increase in online shopping orders, RedMart on 2 April said that it would prioritise daily essentials such as milk powder, flour, eggs and rice while limiting orders to 35 items and reducing its range of goods to focus on the essentials. It also said that it would stop taking orders until 4 April to implement additional measures. ^[411]

Ahead of tighter measures on 7 April, shoppers queued at shopping malls despite government requests for people to remain at home. ^[412]

Religious services

The Catholic Church of Singapore announced that it was suspending masses indefinitely from noon of 15 February. ^[413] They were set to resume on 14 March, ^[414] but continue to be indefinitely suspended in light of the World Health Organization declaring a pandemic. ^[415]

The Islamic Religious Council of Singapore has asked Muslims to take precautions to maintain personal hygiene while the Singapore Buddhist Federation advised temples to cancel activities. ^[416] Some churches have opted to suspend services, live streaming them instead. Religious institutions have stepped up disinfection procedures. ^[416]

On 12 March, the Islamic Religious Council of Singapore announced the closure of all mosques for five days from 13 March for disinfection, coming after two people were infected from a gathering in Malaysia. Prayers were cancelled on 13 March, with activities stopped until 27 March. ^[417] The closure of mosques is extended until further notice.^{[ citation needed ]}

Hindu Temples and Sikh Temples also recorded a drop in the attendance. Hindu temples in Singapore have stepped up precautionary measures such as checking temperature of the visitors. Some Hindu temples have put measures to provide livestreaming of puja for devotees. Some Sikh Temples had to suspend their langar services. However, five private temple were providing langar on a smaller scale. Most processions were also cancelled. ^[418]

Transportation

Taxi and private hire vehicles were hit by the impact of COVID-19. A S$77 million package was provided to help them tide through this period, co-funded by the Government, taxi and private-hire companies. In addition, a S$2.7 million fund was set up by the Government and National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) for drivers who are not eligible. ^[419] In view of the worsening coronavirus impact, the package will be enhanced from May 2020, extending until September 2020. This will cost an additional $95 million. ^[420] On 6 April, directors of the ComfortDelGro Group (ComfortDelGro, SBS Transit and VICOM) announced its board of directors would take a voluntary 20 per cent cut in directors' fees until the end of 2020. ^[421]

Various banks have suggested that Singapore Airlines will have a loss in FY21, with OCBC credit analysts Ezien Hoo and Wong Hong Wei arguing that the airline will have to tap the markets for more funds and possibly even need state support. ^[422]

Singapore Airlines, SilkAir and Scoot have announced plans to slash their capacity. Singapore Airlines will be slashing 96% of its capacity until end-April. The news resulted in STI crashing down by 164.63 (6.83%). Scoot will ground 47 out of the 49 planes they have in their fleet. ^[423] With the significant reduction in flights, Singapore Airlines agreed to provide some 300 staff to help with possible manpower shortages at hospitals in Singapore. ^[424]

The Land Transport Authority announced that all certificate of entitlement (COE) bidding for the month of April would be suspended. ^[425]

Transport services were gradually reduced in stages. Train service frequency on all lines were reduced during off-peak hours and departure times of last trains brought forward in view of the lower demand. Measures also involve imposition of queuing at station exit points. Cross-border bus services 160, 170 and 170X were amended to serve only local sectors of its route, while Cross-border service 950 was suspended in lieu of Malaysia's Movement Control Order. All City Direct, Chinatown Direct, NightRider, NiteOwl and Express bus services were temporarily suspended in tranches from 8 April 2020, with the exception of Express 89e which was reinstated on 24 April 2020 to better serve essential workers at the Changi Airfreight Centre. The bus frequency and train frequency will see more improvements from 20 April 2020. ^{[426] [427]}

Scams

Several parties have engaged in scams related to the pandemic. For instance, scammers have pretended to be MOH officials engaging in contact tracing. ^[428] The MOH and police clarified that no financial details or transfer of money will be requested during contact tracing. ^[429] The police have also arrested scammers on e-commerce platform Carousell. ^[430] On 4 April, SPF announced that they had arrested a man for suspected money-laundering offences in relation to a COVID-19 linked scam which saw an overseas pharmaceutical company defrauded to the tune of €6.636 million (S$10.3 million) over the purchase of surgical masks and hand sanitisers. ^[431] The Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF) and SPF were investigating possible abuses of the COVID-19 Temporary Relief Fund (TRF), which is supposed to provide financial assistance to those eligible as a result of the coronavirus. ^[432] There were cases of scammers impersonating the Chinese police force asking for many personal details. The SPF announced that since March, more than S$110,000 had been lost as a result of these scams and that the public should remain vigilant. ^[433]

Stranded Malaysia-based workers due to Malaysia's movement control order

On 16 March, the Malaysian government announced a movement control order (MCO) that took effect on 18 March, preventing Malaysians from leaving the country. ^[434] With approximately 300,000 Malaysians or almost a tenth of Singapore's labour force working in Singapore, the MCO is expected to significantly affect Singapore's economy, including sectors providing essential services. ^[435]

The MCO caused long queues at immigration checkpoints as Malaysian workers in Singapore scrambled to collect their belongings and return to Singapore, while Singaporeans returned home. ^[436] Various firms across Singapore rushed to find temporary accommodation for their workers before the MCO took effect. ^[437] The Singapore government has advised workers to try to stay with relatives, friends, and colleagues, and seek housing in hotels, dormitories and rental flats if this is not possible. ^[438] The government is also providing $50 for each worker per day, up to 14 days to support employers finding accommodation. ^[439] As of 17 March, the government announced that 10,000 Malaysian workers have been matched with temporary housing. ^[439] Some workers could not immediately find accommodations and resorted to sleeping in public areas. ^[440] Authorities, in addition to the monetary offer above, had other measures in place, Ministry of Social and Family Development repurposed Jurong East Sports Hall into a temporary relief area for remaining Malaysian workers who were unable to find temporary accommodations immediately after the MCO, while the Ministry of Manpower stepped up patrols to look out for such stranded workers. ^[441] A number of residents also had stepped up to offer their spare rooms to accommodate Malaysian workers at little to no costs. ^[442]

The MCO resulted in suspension of all bus services between Johor Bahru and Singapore. While train service (KTMB Shuttle Tebrau) continues to operate between the two checkpoints, only citizens returning to their respective countries are allowed to board. ^[443] The lockdown also sparked fears of food shortages, triggering a second wave of panic buying and hoarding of essential items. On April 26, Malaysia announced that Malaysians wanting to return back to Malaysia will need to obtain permits from the Malaysian High Commission in Singapore. But the number of permits issued is only 400. ^[444]

International relations

Repatriation

• 30 January: 92 Singaporeans were brought back from Wuhan, Hubei on a Scoot flight arranged by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. ^[445]
• 19 March: Singapore Airlines and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs agreed to work together to help bring back Singaporeans stuck in the UK as a result of the pandemic. The arrangement made was to prioritise students but also to bring back Singaporeans and Singapore Permanent Residents with the aim for the exercise to be completed by the end of March. ^{[446] [447]} Singaporeans who were returning from the US and the UK were also required to spend the 14 day SHN period at hotels designated by the Singapore government. The cost of the hotels would be borne by the government. ^[448] While it was not officially announced which hotels were being used for this enforced stay at home notice, it was reported that these included: Shangri-La's Rasa Sentosa Resort & Spa, Grand Park Orchard, the Village Hotel Albert Court, Village Hotel Sentosa, The Elizabeth Hotel and Swissotel the Stamford. ^{[449] [450]}
• 22 March: A small number of Singaporeans were evacuated from Tehran, Iran by Malaysia and served a 14-day quarantine in Kuala Lumpur. ^[451]
• 28 March: Nazrul Syahmi arrived back in Singapore after being stuck in Slovenia after it shut its borders to manage its COVID-19 outbreak. His journey was facilitated by MFA through various countries including Austria, Netherlands and the UK. ^[452]
• 4 April: Singaporeans in Nepal were brought home via a repatriation flight led by Malaysia. ^[453]
• 8 April: 224 Singaporeans in Egypt were brought home led by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. ^[454]
• 10 April: It was reported that Singapore and Bangladesh were in discussions to repatriate their respective citizens if necessary. ^[455]
• 11 April: 699 Singapore citizens and residents were evacuated from India. They were stranded due to the lockdown imposed in the nation. ^[456]
• 12 April: Singapore Airlines arranged for a flight, SQ191, to carry Singaporeans and Australians between Phnom Penh, firstly to Singapore and then on to Sydney. ^[457]
• 24 April: 85 Singaporeans were brought home from Saudi Arabia on a flight arranged by the Singapore Government ^[458]
• 25 April: 7 Singaporeans were brought back from Fiji via Japan. ^[459]

Border controls

Land and seas checkpoints

On 16 March, the Malaysian government announced a movement control order that would take effect from 18 March, preventing Malaysians from leaving and most foreigners from entering the country. ^[434] Both Singapore and Malaysia authorities quickly worked to ensure that the essential goods could still cross the two land checkpoints, ^[460] with further fine-tuning of transportation arrangement being subsequently conducted as there were still confusion by some of the supplying companies in Malaysia. ^{[461] [462]}

Assistance to other countries

Both the Singapore government and private sector had sent support packages as a result of COVID-19 to Indonesia. This has included test kits and personal protective equipment. ^{[463] [464]}

The Singapore government sent swabs and other supplies to Malaysia in order to help with sample collection and testing. ^[465]

Temasek Foundation donated 30,000 test kits to India and this was affirmed and thanked by High Commissioner of India to Singapore, Mr Jawed Ashraf. ^[466] Spicejet, a low cost carrier based in India operated flights from and to Bangalore, Chennai and Singapore to deliver the testing kits. ^[467]

Economic measures

With the impact of coronavirus becoming greater, it was becoming clear to analysts that Singapore would need to respond with large scale government spending. ^[468] With the three Budgets, Singapore will spend 12% of GDP to ensure the impact on the economy is softened and to help the economy recover back to the original state. ^[469] He also added that based on economic terms, this will be the worst contraction ever since Independence. ^[470]

First stimulus package – "Unity Budget"

In the 2020 Budget delivered on 18 February, the Government has set aside S$6.4 billion in support funds, ^[471] which are a S$1.6 billion Care and Support Package for household expenses, ^[472] a S$4 billion Stabilisation and Support Package for businesses and workers ^[473] and an additional S$800 million for efforts including the healthcare sector. In addition, the Goods and Services Tax will not be raised by 9% in 2021 owing to the economic impact, with a S$6 billion Assurance Package should it be raised by 2025. ^[474]

Second stimulus package – "Resilience Budget"

Less than a month after the first budget support package was introduced, it was announced that the government was working a second stimulus package to mitigate the effects of the outbreak on the economy. ^[475] The package was delivered in a Ministerial Statement by DPM Heng Swee Keat on 26 March, known as the Resilience Budget. ^[476] The coronavirus has hit the economy so hard that President Halimah had given her 'in-principle support' to draw on past reserves for this second package, which will amount to S$17 billion. ^[477] In addition to S$6.4 billion announced in the first package, the government is prepared to spend a further S$48.4 billion to support businesses, workers and families, amounting to around 11% of GDP.^{[ citation needed ]}

Among the measures include increasing government co-funding of wages for most local workers from 8% to 25%, with those in food services getting 50% support and those in the aviation sector getting up to 75% support. Self-employed workers would receive S$1,000 per month. These measures would last until the end of 2020.^{[ citation needed ]}

A $350 million aviation support package was introduced to fund the measures such as rebates on waiving off parking charges. ^[478]

In spite of this large spending package, several private sector economists were still expecting the economy to contract in 2020. ^[479]

Third stimulus package – "Solidarity Budget"

It was announced on 5 April that Finance Minister Heng Swee Keat would propose a third round of support measures through a "Solidarity Budget" when Parliament returned on 6 April. ^[480] A total of S$5.1 billion was allocated for the package, with S$4 billion to be drawn from past reserves.^{[ citation needed ]}

Monetary Authority of Singapore Package

In order to help financial institutions and FinTech companies tide over the virus, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) released a $125 million package to help financial institutions and FinTech companies to strengthen long-term capabilities. ^[481]

Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) Measures

On 14 April, the Infocomm Media Development Authority announced that they will launch Public Service Content worth S$8 million and fund 90% of the course fees for Self-Employed Persons under Talent Assistance (T-Assist) Programme. In order to reduce operating costs, the Film Exhibition and Distribution Licence Fees will be waived from 17 April. ^[482]

Criticisms and reactions

On 18 February and 10 March, the WHO praised Singapore's efforts to contain COVID-19 infections through tracing and quarantining close contacts, testing every case of influenza-like illness and pneumonia, and Singapore's "all-government approach" in the containment of COVID-19. The Singapore Police Force, Singapore Armed Forces and Ministry of Health are coordinating to do aggressive contact tracing. ^[483] While many international medical experts praised Singapore's efforts to control the outbreak in Singapore, The New York Times argued that this could well be the continuation of erosion of civil liberties. ^[484]

Mistreatment of healthcare workers

It was reported in February that healthcare workers faced mistreatment from the public. President Halimah Yacob urged Singaporeans to appreciate the work of healthcare workers. ^[485] Grab announced that they will be launching GrabCare to transport healthcare workers to and from their work places. ^[252]

On 12 April, CNA reported that some staff members of Lee Ah Moi were evicted by landlords. This comes even as authorities mention that landlords who evict tenants on Leave of Absence or Stay-Home Notices would be penalised. ^[486]

Leaked recording of SCCCI dialogue

On 17 February, a leaked recording of a closed-door dialogue session on 10 February of Chan Chun Sing with business people from the Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SCCCI) went viral in Singapore. In response to the leak, SCCCI said that the leak is "deeply disappointing" and a "betrayal of trust", adding that it was investigating the source of the leak. ^[487]

Living conditions at foreign worker dormitories

The pandemic brought the living conditions at foreign worker dormitories to media attention. Dormitories were reported to be unsanitary and crowded, making preventative measures like social distancing difficult. ^[488] Retired diplomat Tommy Koh criticised the living conditions, calling it "third world" and "a time bomb waiting to explode". ^[489] Amnesty International called the situation a "recipe for disaster". ^[490] Dominique Mosbergen at the Huffington Post said that COVID-19 "exposes ugly truth about Singapore’s treatment of migrant workers". ^[491] Minister of Manpower Josephine Teo vowed to improve the living conditions of foreign workers after the quarantine was handled. ^[492]

On 9 April, MOM said in a press release that it will improve quality of meals of foreign workers during quarantine and formed a task force to improve the living conditions of foreign workers. ^[493] As of 25 April, 25 dormitories have been gazetted as isolation areas. ^[348] Some healthy workers are also progressively being moved to numerous empty premises such as SAF camps, HDB blocks, floating hotels and Changi Exhibition Centre. ^{[494] [495]} On 16 April, Minister of Manpower Josephine Teo said that there will be a "three-pronged strategy"; containing the spread, imposing lockdowns and separating workers in essential services. ^[496]

Social distancing on public transport

Many commuters have criticized the Public Transport Operators and Land Transport Authority for not implementing safe distancing measures on Public Transport. ^[497] Many even questioned the need for public transport services to run normally despite the surge in COVID-19 cases. This was before the circuit breaker was implemented. On 9 April 2020, LTA announced that they have pasted stickers in buses and trains to enforce the measures with Auxiliary Officers and Transport Ambassadors enforcing it. ^[498]

Allegations of political campaigning

On 12 April, Minister of Parliament Chia Shi-Lu made a Facebook post detailing his trip to Alexandra Village Hawker Centre to distribute masks. This drew criticism for apparently violating the circuit breaker measures to campaign. ^[499] Chia defended himself, stating that he was there to educate the public to wear masks. ^[500] The People's Action Party announced that it was suspending all ground engagement activities on 13 April. ^[501]

Home-Based Business

On 26 April, HDB, URA and MND released a joint statement that home-based business will have to suspend operations due to the circuit breaker measures. This has resulted in many urging the government to allow the home-based business to continue. Many depend on the home-based business for income. ^[502] Since then, rules announced on 2 May will allow these businesses to continue from 12 May. ^[351]

Censorship

Some critics of the government have been threatened or arrested for allegedly spreading false information about the coronavirus pandemic. ^{[503] [504]}

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External links

• Worldwide Coronavirus Map, confirmed Cases – Map the route paths of coronavirus confirmed cases.
• Updates on COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) Local Situation – Ministry of Health (Singapore)
• Official Update of COVID -19 Situation in Singapore
• CNA's COVID-19 clusters
• CNA's COVID-19 map
• The Straits Times article tracking every single case in Singapore
• CoronaTracker – Statistics on the coronavirus cases in Singapore
• Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases and historical data by Johns Hopkins University