In 2004, Crozier reported to Strike Fighter Squadron 94 (VFA-94), another F/A-18 Hornet unit known as the Mighty Shrikes, as a department head, and was again deployed with Nimitz in 2005. In 2006, Crozier was assigned to VFA-125, the "Rough Raiders," and served as an instructor and Fleet Replacement Squadron Operations Officer. The following year, he reported in 2007 to the Naval War College, where he earned a master's degree in National Security and Strategic Studies.
Crozier later served as the executive officer, then commanding officer (CO) of VFA-94, based at Naval Station Lemoore in California. As squadron CO, he made multiple deployments for U.S. Third, Fifth, and Seventh Fleet operations, numerous exercises and Operations Southern Watch and OIF.[8] He led his squadron on expeditionary deployments with Marine Aircraft Group 12 from Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni, Japan, to support Pacific operations and the Afghan and Iraq Wars. His squadron CO tour ended in August 2010.
Crozier was captain of Theodore Roosevelt, then deployed in the Pacific, on March 24, 2020, when three members of the crew tested positive for COVID-19. The next day, eight sailors were infected, and within a few days it was "dozens." The sailors became ill after more than two weeks at sea.[a] The initial cases were airlifted to a military hospital.[14]Theodore Roosevelt was ordered to Guam, where she docked on March 27, and all 4,865[15] aboard were ordered to be tested for the virus.[16][17] About 100 affected sailors were offloaded, and the rest of the crew remained on board. Crozier wanted to have most of the crew immediately taken ashore, saying it was impossible to prevent the spread of the virus in the close quarters of the ship. However, his superior, Rear AdmiralStuart P. Baker, believed that to be impractical and too drastic.[18]
On March 30, Crozier emailed a four-page memorandum to ten Naval officers. Three were admirals in his chain of command, including his immediate commander Rear Admiral Baker, Admiral John Aquilino, the commander of the Pacific Fleet, and Vice Admiral DeWolfe Miller III, commander of naval air forces in the Pacific. Crozier copied the message to seven other captains, five of whom were on board the Roosevelt and two who were executive assistants to the admirals.[19] Crozier did not email Vice Admiral William R. Merz, who was higher than Baker in Crozier's chain of command.[20] In the memorandum, Crozier pleaded for authorization to have most of the crew evacuated and quarantined ashore, citing the impossibility of following CDC recommendations on social distancing and quarantine procedures on the Roosevelt, a ship more crowded than the cruise ship Diamond Princess infected earlier.[21] On March 31, the letter was leaked to the San Francisco Chronicle, which published it.[21] On April 1, the Navy ordered the aircraft carrier evacuated, with a skeleton crew to remain aboard to maintain the nuclear reactors, the fire-fighting equipment, and the galley.[16]
On April 2, 2020, Crozier was relieved of command by acting Secretary of the NavyThomas Modly. At the time of his removal, 114 of 4,865 crew members had tested positive for the coronavirus.[22][23][24] As he disembarked, sailors cheered him and chanted his name; videos of the scene were posted to Twitter and subsequently picked up by major news organizations.[25][26]
After being relieved of command
Crozier himself reportedly began showing symptoms of coronavirus before he was relieved, according to two of his Naval Academy classmates. He was placed in quarantine in Guam.[27] Crozier was replaced by the interim commander Captain Carlos A. Sardiello.[10]
At a Pentagon news conference on April 3, Modly said that Crozier had "raised alarm bells unnecessarily" and showed "extremely poor judgment."[28] Modly mischaracterized the distribution list of the memorandum, inaccurately claiming that Crozier had copied 20 to 30 other people; Crozier in fact sent the memo to ten officers.[20][29]
In an April 4 interview with radio host Hugh Hewitt, Modly criticized Crozier's decision to send the letter to what he characterized as "a large list of other people," adding "And that, to me, just represented just extremely poor judgment, because once you do that in this digital era, you know that there is no way that you can control where that information's going to go."[30]
A joint statement from four Democrats on the House Armed Services Committee, including the committee chair, Representative Adam Smith of Washington, said that Crozier "did not handle the immense pressure appropriately" but that he "was justifiably concerned about the health and safety of his crew" and "relieving him of his command is an overreaction."[31] President Donald Trump criticized Crozier's letter on April 4, saying "I thought it was terrible, what he did, to write a letter. This isn't a class on literature. This is a captain of a massive ship that's nuclear-powered."[32]Joe Biden criticized Crozier's dismissal, saying: "I think it's close to criminal, the way they're dealing with this guy. ... he should have a commendation, rather than be fired."[33]
Modly, Defense Secretary Mark Esper, and Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Michael Gilday each defended the decision to remove Crozier,[34][35] although Gilday and General Mark A. Milley, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, had each advised Modly not to proceed until a Navy investigation into the matter had been completed.[10] Modly said that there was no White House pressure when the decision was made to remove Crozier.[34] On April 6, Modly visited the ship in person and made a speech to the crew over the ship's public address system. In it, he excoriated Crozier, saying he was "too naïve or too stupid to be a commanding officer" if he did not realize that the letter would be leaked to the media. An audio recording and transcript of Modly's speech was leaked to the media within hours.[36] Later that day, Modly apologized for the comment.[37] The following day, he resigned his position.[38]
The Navy conducted an internal preliminary investigation into the Theodore Roosevelt affair, conducted by Admiral Robert P. Burke, the Vice Chief of Naval Operations. The investigation centered on the circumstances surrounding Crozier's firing and whether "a breakdown in communications" had taken place.[10] The investigation did not examine why the Theodore Roosevelt went ahead with the scheduled four-day port call in Da Nang, Vietnam, beginning on March 5, despite reported coronavirus cases in the country at that time, a decision that Navy officials defended.[10]
One crew member, Chief Petty Officer Charles Robert Thacker Jr., died of the virus on April 13.[39]
The findings of the Navy's preliminary investigation went to Gilday, and on April 15, it was reported that Gilday was considering reinstating Crozier as captain of the Theodore Roosevelt.[10] Gilday confirmed that he was not ruling out reinstatement. A reinstatement of a dismissed captain would be unprecedented in the Navy.[40]
By April 17, 94% of the Theodore Roosevelt's crew had been tested for COVID-19, with 660 sailors testing positive for the virus,[13] an infection rate greater than 14%.[20] Of the sailors who tested positive, some 60% were asymptomatic, suggesting a high level of "stealth transmission" of the virus.[41] The Theodore Roosevelt returned to sea on May 21, after being sidelined for nearly two months in Guam.[42]
After the initial inquiry Gilday and the acting Secretary of the Navy, James E. McPherson, recommended on April 24 that Crozier be reinstated as captain of the Theodore Roosevelt.[43] However, Defense Secretary Esper delayed a decision pending a "deeper review" of the situation. In the interim, Crozier was reassigned to San Diego, where he served as the special assistant to the Naval Air Forces chief of staff.[44]
A second Navy inquiry, whose results were announced on June 19, concluded that Crozier and Baker made poor decisions regarding the coronavirus outbreak, so that Crozier would not be restored to command of the ship, and Baker's scheduled promotion would be put on hold.[45] The remotely conducted investigation criticized Crozier for his planning of how to move sailors off the ship, waiting for hotel rooms to open up instead of fully using available base facilities, and not strictly following social distancing rules onboard a densely crewed ship. Democratic senators Richard Blumenthal and Chris Van Hollen questioned the conclusion, saying that the Navy was retroactively applying current anti-COVID-19 best practices to a situation at the start of the pandemic to justify the dismissal.[46]
In 2023, Crozier wrote a memoir, Surf When You Can: Lessons in Life, Loyalty, and Leadership from a Maverick Navy Captain, in which he describes how surfing has helped him balance his life. He told Joe Garofoli of the San Francisco Chronicle: "The more time I've spent with family, friends—things outside of work—the better I could focus and the better I could perform at work."[49][48]
Crozier also spoke to a video interview with Navy Times, discussing the book and his time in the Navy.[50] Crosier has been interviewed by several media outlets.[51][52][53]
Li Wenliang, Chinese doctor who first raised the alarm in regards to the early COVID-19 cases and was reprimanded by authorities.
Notes
↑ The initial source of the outbreak aboard the ship has not been definitively established. Beginning on March 5, the Theodore Roosevelt began a scheduled four-day port call in Da Nang, Vietnam, after Philip S. Davidson, the commander of the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command, ordered the visit to proceed. An April 15, 2020, New York Times article reported that "Navy officials publicly say they are not sure how the virus got aboard the ship, but privately acknowledge that it almost certainly happened during the port call."[10] However, the Navy subsequently said that the virus may have been first spread to the carrier by flight crews—either the Carrier Air Wing Eleven (CVW-11) or the Fleet Logistics Support Squadron 30 (VRC-30), which made carrier onboard delivery (COD) supply flights.[11][12][13]
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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, was detected on the aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt in March 2020 while she was at sea. Affected crew members were evacuated and the ship was ordered to Guam. The captain, Brett Crozier, wanted most of the crew to be removed from the ship to prevent the spread of the disease, but his superiors were reluctant. After several days Crozier e-mailed three of his superior officers and seven other Navy Captains, outlining a plan for the ship to be largely evacuated because the virus could not be contained on board. The letter leaked to the press, and the next day the Navy ordered most of the crew to be taken ashore, but the captain was relieved of command by Acting Secretary of the Navy Thomas Modly. Modly's order was controversial, and his later speech to the crew aboard Theodore Roosevelt was criticized. Modly resigned a few days later. By mid-April hundreds of crew members including Crozier had tested positive for the virus, and one had died.
The COVID-19 pandemic spread to many military ships. The nature of these ships, which includes working with others in small enclosed areas and a lack of private quarters for the vast majority of crew, contributed to the rapid spread of the disease, even more so than on cruise ships.
In April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic reached the French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle and the Aeronaval Group of the Naval Action Force, its carrier battle group.
↑ Crozier, Brett (June 13, 2023). Surf When You Can: Lessons in Life, Loyalty, and Leadership from a Maverick Navy Captain. Simon and Schuster. ISBN978-1-9821-9100-9.
↑ FOX 5 San Diego (June 20, 2023). Surf When You Can. Retrieved May 29, 2024– via YouTube.{{cite AV media}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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