COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China

Last updated

COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China
Chart of COVID-19 vaccine doses administered in Mainland China.png
COVID-19 vaccine doses administered in mainland China.
Date22 July 2020 (2020-07-22) – 13 April 2023 (2023-04-13)
LocationFlag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
Cause COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China
TargetImmunization against COVID-19
Organized by Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic of the State Council  [ zh ]
(headquartered at National Health Commission)
Participants3,491,077,000 [1] (total doses administered)
Outcome1,310,292,000 [1] (total vaccinated)
1,276,760,000 [1] (fully vaccinated)


COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China is an ongoing immunization campaign against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in mainland China, in response to the ongoing pandemic in the region.

Contents

As of July 2022, it is estimated that about 89.7% of the country's population has received a vaccine, and about 56% of the population has received a booster dose. [2]

Administration

In June 2020, the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine (BBIBP-CorV) was authorized for emergency use in China. On 22 July, Chinese authorities started the emergency use of COVID-19 vaccines. [3]

On 15 December 2020, the COVID-19 vaccination for people under high risk started in China. [4] On 19 December 2020, the National Health Commission (NHC) said that there has been 1 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine administered in China as of the day, and no serious adverse reactions were observed. [5]

On 31 December 2020, NHC announced that the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine has been approved through the conditional marketing authorization process, and more than 3 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine has been administered in China. [6] At the same time, NHC declares that COVID-19 vaccination is free to Chinese citizens. [7]

On 27 January 2021, NHC said that the vaccination is being carried out in order, and there has been 22.767 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine administered in China as of 26 January. [8]

On 1 March 2021, Zhong Nanshan said that the vaccination rate of COVID-19 vaccine in China was currently 3.56%, and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention hoped the rate reach 40% by the end of June 2021. [9]

Since late March 2021, the authorities has accelerated the promotion of free COVID-19 vaccination for the whole population. [4] On 22 March 2021, Sun Chunlan, the Vice Premier of the State Council, stated that COVID-19 vaccination in China should be accelerated and the vaccination rate should be increased. [10] On 24 March 2021, NHC announced that the number doses of COVID-19 vaccine administered will be daily reported on its website and social media account since that day. [11] On 29 March 2021, NHC released the first version of the COVID-19 Vaccine Technology Guide. [12]

On 21 April 2021, NHC stated that more than 200 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine has been administered in China, and 80% of doctors and nurses has been vaccinated. [13]

On 14 May 2021, NHC restated that the COVID-19 administration progress should be accelerated due to the proportion of mutated SARS-CoV-2 and the re-appearance of local cases. [14]

On 19 June 2021, NHC announced that more than 1.01489 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccine has been administered in China. [15]

While public authorities have mandated lockdowns and mandatory mass testing for areas with infection, there has not been any rule to making vaccination mandatory. Some facilities within China have made vaccination mandatory for entry, including things like movie theatres, fitness centres, internet bars, museums and libraries. [16]

In July 2022, according to official figures, while 89% had received 2 doses, only 56% of eligible people had received a booster dose. Furthermore, this was even lower among vulnerable elderly age groups, with only 19.7% of people over the age of 80 having received a booster dose. According to BBC reporting, this may have been attributed to public confidence in the ability of authorities to control outbreaks, the narrative presented by public authorities within China that the virus was mainly an overseas problem as well as some doctors within China who warned vulnerable people of the health risks of the vaccine. [16]

Doses of COVID-19 vaccine administrated in mainland China
As ofDoses administrated
(in million)		References
19 Dec
(2020)		>1 [5]
31 Dec
(2020)		>3 [6]
27 Jan
(2021)		22.767 [8]
9 Feb40.52 [17]
15 Mar64.98 [18]
28 Mar102.417 [DR 1]
21 Apr204.191 [DR 2]
7 May308.226 [DR 3]
16 May406.938 [DR 4]
23 May510.858 [DR 5]
28 May602.991 [DR 6]
2 Jun704.826 [DR 7]
8 Jun808.962 [DR 8]
14 Jun904.134 [DR 9]
19 Jun1,010.489 [DR 10]
24 Jun1,120.643 [DR 11]
28 Jun1,206.714 [DR 12]
4 July1,305.499 [DR 13]
14 July1,414.609 [DR 14]
22 July1,507.605 [DR 15]
28 July1,601.249 [DR 16]
3 August1,708.356 [DR 17]
10 August1,808.092 [DR 18]
18 August1,900.127 [DR 19]
26 August2,003.914 [DR 20]

Vaccines

As of 21 November 2022, seven vaccines have been approved in mainland China through conditional marketing authorization or emergency use authorization.

In 2021 Nature reported that "studies have questioned the length of protection" that domestic vaccines such as CoronaVac and Sinopharm offer, especially when compared to mRNA vaccines. [19] A 2022 meta-analysis found about 65% vaccine effectiveness against infection for CoronoVac, compared with about 90% for Pfizer and 98% for Moderna. [20] Some analysts have criticized China's reluctance to import mRNA vaccines. [21]

VaccineTypeMade byOriginDose required for vaccinationEffective rate (Phase III)ApprovalDeploymentWHO Listed
Sinopharm BIBP Inactivated Beijing Institute of Biological ProductsChina2 doses [22] 78.1% [23] Green check.svg Conditional
(31 December 2020) [24] 		Green check.svg 31 December 2020Green check.svg 7 May 2021
CoronaVac Inactivated Sinovac Biotech China2 doses [22] 50.7% - 83.5% [25] [26] Green check.svg Conditional
(5 February 2021) [27] 		Green check.svg 5 February 2021Green check.svg 1 June 2021
Sinopharm WIBP Inactivated Wuhan Institute of Biological ProductsChina2 doses [22] 72.8% [23] Green check.svg Conditional
(25 February 2021) [28] 		Green check.svg 25 February 2021
KCONVAC Inactivated Kangtai Biological Products Co. Ltd.China2 doses [22] —Green check.svg EUA
(14 May 2021) [29] 		Green check.svg 1 June 2021
Covidful Inactivated Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences China2 doses [22] —Green check.svg EUA
(9 June 2021) [30] 		Green check.svg 9 June 2021
Convidecia Viral vector CanSino China1 dose [22] 65.7% [31] Green check.svg Conditional
(25 February 2021) [32] 		Green check.svg 25 February 2021Green check.svg 19 May 2022 [33]
ZIFIVAX Subunit Zhifei Bio-techChina3 doses [22] 82% [34] [35] Green check.svg EUA
(10 March 2021) [36] 		Green check.svg 10 March 2021

The Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, agented by Fosun Pharma in mainland China, is waiting for approval. [37]

VaccineTypeMade byOriginDose required for vaccinationEffective rate (Phase III)ApprovalDeploymentWHO Listed
Comirnaty mRNA BioNTech and Fosun Pharma GermanyWaiting for Approval [37] Green check.svg 31 December 2020

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">COVID-19 vaccine</span> Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2

A COVID‑19 vaccine is a vaccine intended to provide acquired immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chang Shan-chwen</span> Taiwanese medical researcher

Chang Shan-chwen is a Taiwanese medical researcher and academic administrator. He convenes the advisory specialist panel of the Central Epidemic Command Center (CECC), which is associated with the Centers for Disease Control in Taiwan. Chang Shan-chwen is vice president of National Taiwan University and professor of medicine in the university's medical college.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Convidecia</span> Vaccine against COVID-19

AD5-nCOV, trade-named Convidecia, is a single-dose viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 that is also used as an inhaled booster. It was developed by CanSino Biologics, with Phase III trials conducted in Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Pakistan, Russia, and Saudi Arabia with 40,000 participants.

This article documents the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic in Inner Mongolia, the People's Republic of China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CoronaVac</span> Vaccine against COVID-19

CoronaVac, also known as the Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine, was a whole inactivated virus COVID-19 vaccine developed by the Chinese company Sinovac Biotech. It was phase III clinically trialled in Brazil, Chile, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Turkey and relies on traditional technology similar to other inactivated-virus COVID-19 vaccines, such as the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine, another Chinese vaccine, and Covaxin, an Indian vaccine. CoronaVac does not need to be frozen, and both the final product and the raw material for formulating CoronaVac can be transported refrigerated at 2–8 °C (36–46 °F), the temperatures at which flu vaccines are kept.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine</span> Vaccine against COVID-19

The Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine, also known as BBIBP-CorV, the Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine, or BIBP vaccine, is one of two whole inactivated virus COVID-19 vaccines developed by Sinopharm's Beijing Institute of Biological Products. It completed Phase III trials in Argentina, Bahrain, Egypt, Morocco, Pakistan, Peru, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) with over 60,000 participants. BBIBP-CorV shares similar technology with CoronaVac and Covaxin, other inactivated virus vaccines for COVID-19. Its product name is SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine, not to be confused with the similar product name of CoronaVac.

The COVID-19 vaccination program in the Philippines was a mass immunization campaign against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in response to the pandemic in the country. The vaccination program was initiated by the Duterte administration on March 1, 2021, a day after the arrival of the country's first vaccine doses which were donated by the Chinese government.

This article presents official statistics gathered during the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand</span> Ongoing COVID-19 vaccine programme in New Zealand

COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand began on 20 February 2021, and will continue throughout the pandemic with the goal of vaccinating all willing New Zealanders aged 5 or older. Those aged 5 to 11 require a parent, caregiver or legal guardian accompany them to their appointment and provide consent for them to be vaccinated. As of 1 September, anyone in New Zealand, regardless of their immigration status, is eligible to be vaccinated.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">COVID-19 vaccination in Africa</span> Immunisation programme against COVID-19 in Africa

COVID-19 vaccination programs are ongoing in the majority countries and territories in Africa, with 51 of 54 African countries having launched vaccination programs by July 2021. As of October 2023, 51.8% of the continent's population is fully vaccinated with over 1084.5 million doses administered.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MVC COVID-19 vaccine</span> Vaccine against COVID-19

The MVC COVID-19 vaccine, designated MVC-COV1901 and also known as the Medigen COVID-19 vaccine, is a protein subunit COVID-19 vaccine developed by Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation in Taiwan, American company Dynavax Technologies, and the U.S. National Institutes of Health.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">West China Hospital COVID-19 vaccine</span> Vaccine candidate against COVID-19

West China Hospital COVID-19 vaccine is a COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed by West China Hospital.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT</span> Vaccine against COVID-19

DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT is a COVID-19 vaccine developed by Beijing Wantai Biological, Xiamen University and the University of Hong Kong. It is administered as a single dose intranasal spray.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">V-01</span> Vaccine candidate against COVID-19

V-01 is a protein subunit COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed by a subsidiary of Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore</span> Plan to immunize against COVID-19

The COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore is an ongoing immunisation campaign against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in response to the ongoing pandemic in the country. Singapore has a very high vaccination rate, with more than 92% of its total population having completed their vaccination regimen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">COVID-19 vaccine card</span> Medical record for COVID-19 vaccination

A COVID-19 vaccine card is a record often given to those who have received a COVID-19 vaccine showing information such as the date(s) one has received the shot(s) and the brand of vaccine one has received, sometimes including the lot number. The card also contains information identifying the recipient and the location where the shot was given. Depending on the country, it could serve as an official document verifying one has received vaccination, which could be required by some institutions, such as a school or workplace, when boarding a cruise ship, or when crossing an international border, as proof that one has been vaccinated.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan</span> Plan to immunize against COVID-19

COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan is an ongoing immunization campaign against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in response to the ongoing pandemic in the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">COVID-19 pandemic in China</span> Ongoing COVID-19 viral pandemic in China

The COVID-19 pandemic in China is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). China was the first country to experience an outbreak of the disease, the first to impose drastic measures in response, and one of the first countries to bring the outbreak under control.

The COVID-19 pandemic reached the province of Zhejiang, China.

References

Daily reports on COVID-19 vaccination
  1. ↑ National Health Commission (29 March 2021). "新冠病毒疫苗接种情况". Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  2. ↑ National Health Commission (22 April 2021). "新冠病毒疫苗接种情况".
  3. ↑ National Health Commission (8 May 2021). "新冠病毒疫苗接种情况".
  4. ↑ National Health Commission (17 May 2021). "新冠病毒疫苗接种情况".
  5. ↑ National Health Commission (24 May 2021). "新冠病毒疫苗接种情况".
  6. ↑ National Health Commission (29 May 2021). "新冠病毒疫苗接种情况". Archived from the original on 30 May 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  7. ↑ National Health Commission (3 June 2021). "新冠病毒疫苗接种情况".
  8. ↑ National Health Commission (9 June 2021). "新冠病毒疫苗接种情况".
  9. ↑ National Health Commission (15 June 2021). "新冠病毒疫苗接种情况".
  10. ↑ National Health Commission (20 June 2021). "新冠病毒疫苗接种情况".
  11. ↑ National Health Commission (25 June 2021). "新冠病毒疫苗接种情况".
  12. ↑ National Health Commission (29 June 2021). "新冠病毒疫苗接种情况". Archived from the original on 30 June 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  13. ↑ National Health Commission (5 July 2021). "新冠病毒疫苗接种情况".
  14. ↑ National Health Commission (15 July 2021). "新冠病毒疫苗接种情况". Archived from the original on 16 July 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  15. ↑ National Health Commission (23 July 2021). "新冠病毒疫苗接种情况". Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  16. ↑ National Health Commission (29 July 2021). "新冠病毒疫苗接种情况".
  17. ↑ National Health Commission (4 August 2021). "新冠病毒疫苗接种情况". Archived from the original on 5 August 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  18. ↑ National Health Commission (11 August 2021). "新冠病毒疫苗接种情况". Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  19. ↑ National Health Commission (19 August 2021). "新冠病毒疫苗接种情况".
  20. ↑ National Health Commission (27 August 2021). "新冠病毒疫苗接种情况".
News and Articles
  1. 1 2 3 Ritchie, Hannah; Mathieu, Edouard; Rodés-Guirao, Lucas; Appel, Cameron; Giattino, Charlie; Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban; Hasell, Joe; Macdonald, Bobbie; Beltekian, Diana; Dattani, Saloni; Roser, Max (2020–2022). "Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19)". Our World in Data . Retrieved 17 August 2024.
  2. ↑ Liu, Roxanne; Tian, Yew Lun (24 July 2022). "Two years after drive began, China reveals Xi Jinping received local COVID vaccine". The Age. Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 24 July 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  3. ↑ "中国于7月22日启动新冠疫苗紧急使用 接种人数超2万". Jiefang Daily . 23 August 2020. Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  4. 1 2 陈席元; 徐鹏航 (20 June 2021). "十亿来之不易，你我仍需努力". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  5. 1 2 "目前累计已完成100多万剂次新冠疫苗紧急接种 未出现严重不良反应". SCIO . 19 December 2020. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  6. 1 2 "中国首度正式批准新冠疫苗上市 大规模接种或将迅速展开". BBC.com. Archived from the original on 31 December 2020. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
  7. ↑ "中国新冠疫苗全民免费提供，关于疫苗的最权威信息都在这". The Beijing News . Archived from the original on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
  8. 1 2 彭韵佳 王琳琳 (27 January 2021). "目前我国已接种新冠疫苗2276.7万剂次". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  9. ↑ "钟南山：中国疫苗接种率为3.56%，计划6月底达40%". Guancha.cn. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  10. ↑ "孙春兰出席全国新冠病毒疫苗接种工作电视电话会议并讲话". Xinhua. 22 March 2021. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021– via the State Council.
  11. ↑ "中国今起开始日报冠病疫苗接种数量". Lianhe Zaobao . 24 March 2021. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
  12. ↑ NHC Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention (29 March 2021). "新冠病毒疫苗接种技术指南（第一版）". National Health Commission. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  13. ↑ "全国新冠疫苗接种超2亿剂次". Chinanews.com. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  14. ↑ "国家卫健委：5月至今新增境外输入确诊病例142例 必须加快推进新冠疫苗接种". People.com.cn. 14 May 2021. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
  15. ↑ "权威快报|全国新冠疫苗接种剂次超10亿". Xinhuanet.com. Xinhua News Agency. 20 June 2021. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  16. 1 2 "中国新冠病毒"清零"政策对习近平造成危险". BBC News 中文 (in Simplified Chinese). 9 July 2022. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  17. ↑ 张曼玉 (10 February 2021). "全国累计报告接种新冠疫苗4052万剂次，现有本土确诊病例连续15天下降". China Youth Daily. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  18. ↑ 彭韵佳 王琳琳 (15 March 2021). "我国新冠疫苗接种已达6498万人次". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  19. ↑ Mallapaty, Smriti (14 October 2021). "China's COVID vaccines have been crucial — now immunity is waning". Nature. 598 (7881): 398–399. Bibcode:2021Natur.598..398M. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-02796-w. PMID   34650240. S2CID   238990258. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
  20. ↑ Zheng, Caifang; Shao, Weihao; Chen, Xiaorui; Zhang, Bowen; Wang, Gaili; Zhang, Weidong (January 2022). "Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines: a literature review and meta-analysis". International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 114: 252–260. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.11.009 . PMC   8595975 . PMID   34800687. S2CID   244134232.
  21. ↑ "Zero-Covid policy: why is China still having severe lockdowns?". the Guardian. 29 November 2022. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "新冠病毒疫苗接种问答来了！涉及34个关键问题". Chinanews.com. 1 April 2021. Archived from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  23. 1 2 Al Kaabi, Nawal; Zhang, Yuntao; Xia, Shengli; Yang, Yunkai; Al Qahtani, Manaf M.; Abdulrazzaq, Najiba; Al Nusair, Majed; Hassany, Mohamed; Jawad, Jaleela S. (26 May 2021). "Effect of 2 Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines on Symptomatic COVID-19 Infection in Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial". JAMA. 326 (1): 35–45. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.8565 . ISSN   0098-7484. PMC   8156175 . PMID   34037666.
  24. ↑ "大陸宣布首款新冠疫苗有條件上市 保護率近八成". UDN (in Traditional Chinese). 31 December 2020. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
  25. ↑ Tanriover, Mine Durusu; Doğanay, Hamdi Levent; Akova, Murat; Güner, Hatice Rahmet; Azap, Alpay; Akhan, Sıla; et al. (8 July 2021). "Efficacy and safety of an inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac): interim results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial in Turkey". The Lancet. 398 (10296): 213–222. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01429-X. ISSN   0140-6736. PMC   8266301 . PMID   34246358.
  26. ↑ Toscano, Cristiana (29 April 2021). "Evidence Assessment: Sinovac/CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccine" (PDF). World Health Organization (WHO). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  27. ↑ "China approves Sinovac vaccines for general public use". South China Morning Post. 6 February 2021. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  28. ↑ "国家药监局附条件批准国药中生武汉公司新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗（Vero细胞）注册申请". National Medical Products Administration . 25 February 2021. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  29. ↑ "深圳康泰生物新冠灭活疫苗被纳入紧急使用". Xinhuanet.com. 15 May 2021. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  30. ↑ UDN (9 June 2021). "中國大陸再有一新冠病毒滅活疫苗上市使用". UDN (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Archived from the original on 10 June 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  31. ↑ "CanSinoBIO's COVID-19 vaccine 65.7% effective in global trials, Pakistan official says". Reuters. 8 February 2021. Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
  32. ↑ "中国国家药监局附条件批准国药集团武汉和康希诺两公司新冠疫苗注册申请". Reuters . 6 February 2021. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  33. ↑ "Who Validates 11TH Vaccine for COVID-19". WHO . 19 May 2022. Archived from the original on 19 May 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  34. ↑ "New Chinese vaccine shows 82% effectiveness against serious Covid-19". The Straits Times. 27 August 2021. Archived from the original on 30 August 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
  35. ↑ "Chinese three-shot vaccine nearly 82 per cent effective, says maker". South China Morning Post. 28 August 2021. Archived from the original on 30 August 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
  36. ↑ "新冠疫苗｜智飛生物與中科院微生物所合作研發產品獲批緊急使用". HK01 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). 16 March 2021. Archived from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  37. 1 2 "直击复星医药股东大会：mRNA新冠疫苗审批进展成焦点". National Business Daily. 12 June 2021. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.