National regulatory authorities have granted full or emergency use authorizations for 40 COVID-19 vaccines.
Ten vaccines have been approved for emergency or full use by at least one stringent regulatory authority recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO): Pfizer–BioNTech, Oxford–AstraZeneca, Sinopharm BIBP, Moderna, Janssen, CoronaVac, Covaxin, Novavax, Convidecia, and Sanofi–GSK. [1] Seven others are under assessment by the WHO: Sputnik V, Sinopharm WIBP, Abdala, Zifivax, Corbevax, COVIran Barekat, and SCB-2019. [2]
Of the 40 vaccines, 16 have a full or emergency authorization in only one country, 12 in ten or fewer countries, and 12 in more than ten countries.
Note that in some countries, vaccines may be authorized solely for travel purposes. They may not be approved for the general population. For example, the CoronaVac, Covishield, BBIBP-CorV and Covaxin vaccines are not part of Australia's national vaccination program; however, they are recognized for the purpose of travel to Australia. [3] [4] [5]
Full authorization Emergency authorization Allowed for travel Usage stopped | |||
The Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, sold under the brand names Vaxzevria [6] and Covishield, [7] is a viral vector vaccine [8] produced by the British University of Oxford, British-Swedish company AstraZeneca, and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations. [8] [9] [10] Finland, Denmark, and Norway suspended the use of the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine due to a small number of reports of a rare blood clot disorder. [11] [12] [13] [14] Slovakia suspended its use after the death of a predisposed recipient. [15] South Africa suspended its use because a small trial found only minimal protection against mild to moderate disease from the locally predominant Beta variant. [16] Japan approved the vaccine for emergency use in May 2021, but did not plan to use them immediately because of rare cases of a blood clotting disorder reported overseas. [17] Later, Japan started to use the vaccine for people aged 40 or over to mitigate the surge of the Delta variant in August. [18] Finland ceased use of the vaccine as the last batch expired on 30 November 2021. Until then it was only offered for those aged 65 or more due to extremely rare coagulation disorders among younger recipients of the vaccine. After this Finland will not procure more of the vaccine. [19] [20] [21] [22] The AstraZeneca vaccine is the most widely accepted internationally, [23] and the most popular in terms of total inoculated worldwide, over 1.3 billion. [24] [25] [26] [27] The AstraZeneca vaccine is administered in more countries than any other vaccine. [28]
EMA countries [37] [38] [39] [1]
CARPHA countries and entities [143]
EMA countries [6] [38] [155] [1]
| |||
The Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, sold under the brand name Comirnaty, [37] is an mRNA vaccine [156] produced by the German company BioNTech and the American company Pfizer. [156] [157] [158] In Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan, Comirnaty is distributed by Fosun Pharma. [159] [160] [161] [162] [163] [164]
CARPHA countries and entities [246] [247]
Full authorization Full authorization, not used Emergency authorization Allowed for travel Usage stopped | |||
The Janssen COVID-19 vaccine [258] is a viral vector vaccine [259] produced by Janssen Pharmaceutica (a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson) and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. [260] [261] It is also known as Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 Vaccine and as COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen. [262] Three countries, Denmark, Finland, and Norway, discontinued the use of the Janssen vaccine in favor of other available vaccines due to a possible link between the vaccine and a rare blood clot disorder. [263] [19] [264] The use of the Janssen adenovirus vector vaccine began in Finland in October 2021. It is only offered for those aged 65 and over because of a very rare risk of thrombosis in younger age groups. [20] [22] [21] The United States began use of the Janssen vaccine in March 2021, [265] but discouraged use in favor of other available vaccines in December 2021 due to the risk of a rare clotting disorder. [266] The Janssen vaccine became unavailable in the United States in May 2023 after all existing doses expired. [267]
EMA countries [262] [38] [307] [1]
CARPHA countries and entities [308]
Non-country entities
| |||
The Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, also known as Spikevax, [316] is an mRNA vaccine [317] produced by the American company Moderna, the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the U.S. Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations. [318] [319] The Moderna vaccine is not offered for men under 30 years of age in Finland as a precaution to reduce a very rare risk of myocarditis. [320] [22]
EMA countries [316] [38] [328] [1]
CARPHA countries and entities [246] [308]
Non-country entities
| |||
The Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine is an inactivated virus vaccine produced by the China National Pharmaceutical Group (Sinopharm) and its Beijing Institute of Biological Products. [382] [383]
CARPHA countries and entities [461]
Full authorization Emergency authorization Authorization expired Allowed for travel Rejected | |||
The Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine is a viral vector vaccine [504] produced by the Russian Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology.
| |||
The CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccine is an inactivated virus vaccine [594] produced by the Chinese company Sinovac Biotech. [594] [595] [596]
| |||
The Novavax COVID-19 vaccine, sold under the brand names Nuvaxovid and Covovax, is a subunit COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed by Novavax and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations. [657] [658]
CARPHA countries and entities [245] [677]
| |||
Covaxin is an inactivated virus vaccine produced by the Indian company Bharat Biotech in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research–National Institute of Virology.
CARPHA countries and entities [245] [677]
Full authorization Emergency authorization Allowed for travel | |||
VLA2001 is an inactivated vaccine developed by Valneva SE and Dynavax Technologies.
The Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine, sold under the brand name VidPrevtyn Beta, is a subunit vaccine developed by Sanofi Pasteur and GSK plc. It is based on the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant.
Full authorization Emergency authorization Allowed for travel | |||
Sputnik Light is a viral vector vaccine, [704] produced by the Russian Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. It consists of the first dose of the Sputnik V vaccine, which is based on the Ad26 vector. [705]
Non-country entities
Full authorization Emergency authorization Allowed for travel | |||
Convidecia is a viral vector vaccine [730] produced by the Chinese company CanSino Biologics and the Beijing Institute of Biotechnology of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences.
Full authorization Emergency authorization Allowed for travel | |||
The Sinopharm WIBP COVID-19 vaccine is an inactivated virus vaccine produced by the China National Pharmaceutical Group (Sinopharm) and its Wuhan Institute of Biological Products.
Full authorization Emergency authorization Allowed for travel | |||
Abdala is a subunit vaccine developed by the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology in Cuba.
Full authorization Emergency authorization Allowed for travel | |||
EpiVacCorona is a peptide vaccine produced by the Russian State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR. [752]
Full authorization Emergency authorization Allowed for travel | |||
Zifivax is a subunit vaccine produced by the Chinese company Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical. [758]
Full authorization Emergency authorization Allowed for travel | |||
Soberana 02, is a conjugate vaccine developed by the Finlay Institute in Cuba. [764]
Full authorization Emergency authorization Allowed for travel | |||
CoviVac is an inactivated virus vaccine [704] produced by the Chumakov Centre at the Russian Academy of Sciences. [768]
Full authorization Emergency authorization Allowed for travel | |||
QazCovid-in, also known as QazVac, is an inactivated virus vaccine developed by the Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems in Kazakhstan. [771]
Full authorization Emergency authorization Allowed for travel | |||
Minhai COVID-19 vaccine, is an inactivated virus vaccine developed by Minhai Biotechnology Co. and Shenzhen Kangtai Biological Products Co. Ltd. in China. [775]
Full authorization Emergency authorization Allowed for travel | |||
MVC-COV1901, is a protein subunit vaccine developed by Taiwan's Medigen Vaccine Biologics and Dynavax Technologies. [777]
1. Somaliland [779]
Corbevax is a protein subunit vaccine developed by Texas Children's Hospital at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, and licensed to Indian biopharmaceutical firm Biological E. Limited (BioE) for development and production. [665] [783]
COVIran Barekat, is an inactivated virus vaccine developed by Shifa Pharmed Industrial Co. in Iran. [785]
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences COVID-19 vaccine, is an inactivated virus vaccine developed by Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. [789]
ZyCoV-D, is a DNA plasmid based COVID-19 vaccine developed by the Indian pharmaceutical company Cadila Healthcare with support from the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council. [790]
FAKHRAVAC (or MIVAC), is an inactivated virus vaccine developed in Iran by the Organization of Defensive Innovation and Research, an organization of Iran's Ministry of Defense. [791]
COVAX-19, also known as SpikoGen, is a protein subunit vaccine jointly developed by Australian-based company Vaxine and Iran-based company CinnaGen. [792]
Razi Cov Pars is a protein subunit vaccine developed by Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute. [793]
Turkovac is an inactivated vaccine developed by Health Institutes of Turkey and Erciyes University. [794]
Sinopharm CNBG COVID-19 vaccine (NVSI) is a recombinant protein subunit vaccine developed by the National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI, 中生研究院), a subsidiary of China National Biotec Group (CNBG), which in turn is a subsidiary of Sinopharm. [795]
Soberana Plus is a single-dose of conjugate vaccine developed by the Finlay Institute in Cuba. [796]
CoVLP is a virus-like particle vaccine grown in an Australian weed, Nicotiana benthamiana . It was developed by Medicago, and is marketed under the name Covifenz Archived 24 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine .
Noora is a protein-based vaccine developed by the Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences.
SKYCovione is a protein subunit vaccine developed by SK Bioscience.
Walvax COVID-19 vaccine is an RNA vaccine developed by Walvax Biotechnology, Suzhou Abogen Biosciences, and the PLA Academy of Military Science. [802]
iNCOVACC, also called BBV154 is an adenovirus vector vaccine developed by Bharat Biotech, Precision Virologics, and Washington University School of Medicine.
Gemcovac, or GEMCOVAC-19, is a self-amplifying mRNA vaccine manufactured by Gennova Biopharmaceuticals.
V-01 is a protein subunit vaccine developed by Livzon Mabpharm.
IndoVac is a protein subunit vaccine developed by Indonesian pharmaceutical company Bio Farma and Baylor College of Medicine.
Vaccine diplomacy, a form of medical diplomacy, is the use of vaccines to improve a country's diplomatic relationship and influence of other countries. Meanwhile, vaccine diplomacy also "means a set of diplomatic measures taken to ensure access to the best practices in the development of potential vaccines, to enhance bilateral and/or multilateral cooperation between countries in conducting joint R&D, and, in the case of the announcement of production, to ensure the signing of a contract for the purchase of the vaccine at the shortest term." Although primary discussed in the context of the supply of COVID-19 vaccines, it also played a part in the distribution of the smallpox vaccine.
CoronaVac, also known as the Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine, was a whole inactivated virus COVID-19 vaccine developed by the Chinese company Sinovac Biotech. It was phase III clinically trialled in Brazil, Chile, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Turkey and relies on traditional technology similar to other inactivated-virus COVID-19 vaccines, such as the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine, another Chinese vaccine, and Covaxin, an Indian vaccine. CoronaVac does not need to be frozen, and both the final product and the raw material for formulating CoronaVac can be transported refrigerated at 2–8 °C (36–46 °F), the temperatures at which flu vaccines are kept.
COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access, abbreviated as COVAX, is a worldwide initiative aimed at equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines directed by the GAVI vaccine alliance, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), and the World Health Organization (WHO), alongside key delivery partner UNICEF. It is one of the four pillars of the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator, an initiative begun in April 2020 by the WHO, the European Commission, and the government of France as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. COVAX coordinates international resources to enable low-to-middle-income countries equitable access to COVID-19 tests, therapies, and vaccines. UNICEF is the key delivery partner, leveraging its experience as the largest single vaccine buyer in the world and working on the procurement of COVID-19 vaccine doses, as well as logistics, country readiness and in-country delivery.
The Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine, also known as BBIBP-CorV, the Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine, or BIBP vaccine, is one of two whole inactivated virus COVID-19 vaccines developed by Sinopharm's Beijing Institute of Biological Products. It completed Phase III trials in Argentina, Bahrain, Egypt, Morocco, Pakistan, Peru, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) with over 60,000 participants. BBIBP-CorV shares similar technology with CoronaVac and Covaxin, other inactivated virus vaccines for COVID-19. Its product name is SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine, not to be confused with the similar product name of CoronaVac.
The COVID-19 vaccination program in the Philippines was a mass immunization campaign against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in response to the pandemic in the country. The vaccination program was initiated by the Duterte administration on March 1, 2021, a day after the arrival of the country's first vaccine doses which were donated by the Chinese government.
The COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Albania is a mass immunization campaign that was put in place by the Albanian authorities in order to respond to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It started on 11 January 2021.
The COVID-19 vaccination in Morocco is an ongoing immunisation campaign against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in response to the ongoing pandemic in the country.
The COVID-19 vaccination program in Colombia is an ongoing effort of mass immunization put in place by the Colombian government in order to respond to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The virus causing COVID-19 was confirmed to have reached Colombia on 6 March 2020. Colombia's preparation and readiness for a vaccine program allowed it to join the first group of countries who received vaccines through COVAX. The first vaccine in Colombia was given to a nurse on 17 February 2021.
COVID-19 vaccination programs are ongoing in the majority countries and territories in Africa, with 51 of 54 African countries having launched vaccination programs by July 2021. As of October 2023, 51.8% of the continent's population is fully vaccinated with over 1084.5 million doses administered.
The COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam is an ongoing immunization campaign against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in response to the ongoing pandemic in the country. Following the approval of the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine on 30 January 2021, vaccinations commenced on 8 March 2021, and will continue throughout the year with the goal of vaccinating 80% of the population by June 2022. The Sputnik V was later approved for use on 23 March 2021. The Sinopharm BIBP vaccine was approved for emergency use on 4 June 2021, while Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, Moderna COVID-19 vaccine and Janssen COVID-19 vaccine were approved on 12 June 2021, 29 June 2021, and 15 July 2021, respectively. Vietnam approved Abdala vaccine from Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology on 18 September 2021, and Covaxin from Bharat Biotech on 10 November 2021.
COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico is an ongoing immunization campaign against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in response to the ongoing pandemic in the country.
COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea is an ongoing immunization campaign against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in response to the ongoing pandemic in the country.
The COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia is an ongoing mass immunization in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. On 13 January 2021, the program commenced when President Joko Widodo was vaccinated at the presidential palace. In terms of total doses given, Indonesia ranks third in Asia and fifth in the world.
The COVID-19 vaccination program in Argentina is an ongoing effort of mass immunization. Vaccination against COVID-19 began in Argentina on 29 December 2020 aiming at health professionals. Argentina struck a deal with the United Kingdom in November 2020 for a British made vaccine produced by the pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford. The vaccines are part of a deal where Argentina received 22.4 million doses. During the first week, 39,599 doses were applied to health professionals.
Bangladesh began the administration of COVID-19 vaccines on 27 January 2021 while mass vaccination started on 7 February 2021.
The COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore is an ongoing immunisation campaign against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in response to the ongoing pandemic in the country. Singapore has a very high vaccination rate, with more than 92% of its total population having completed their vaccination regimen.
Nepal began administration of COVID-19 vaccines on 27 January 2021. 1 million Oxford-Astrazeneca vaccines were provided by India as a grant while Nepal brought 2 million doses from Serum Institute of India (SII) and was one of the first to receive COVID-19 vaccines. The delivery of the first 1 million doses arrived on 21 February. In March, India's decision to ban exports of vaccines created uncertainty over whether Nepal would be able to continue its vaccinations. By April, SII had only provided half of the 2 million doses for which Nepal had paid in full. A spokesperson for the Indian Ministry of External Affairs rejected the notion of an export ban and said "We will export vaccines taking into account the domestic demand." By late July, there was still uncertainty in Nepal over when SII would deliver the vaccines that were purchased, although Prime Minister Narendra Modi said India would "resume the supply of vaccines soon."
COVID-19 vaccination in Sri Lanka is an ongoing immunisation campaign against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, in response to the ongoing pandemic in the country. As of late July, the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine accounted for 78% of the total 13.8 million vaccines obtained by Sri Lanka to date. The United States donated over 1.5 million Moderna vaccine through COVAX.
The COVID-19 vaccination in the United Arab Emirates is an ongoing mass immunization campaign, in response to the ongoing pandemic.
That is why it is important to emphasise that it is still an approved vaccine.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.The vaccine, known as Ad26.COV2.S, is a replication-incompetent adenovirus type 26 (Ad26) vectored vaccine encoding a stabilized variant of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein.
