COVID-19 lockdown in China

Last updated

COVID-19 lockdown in China
Part of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China
Policemen wearing masks patrolling Wuhan Tianhe Airport during Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.jpg
A nurse measuring the body temperature for outpatients in Hubei TCM Hospital.jpg
Citizens of Wuhan lining up outside of a drug store to buy masks during the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.jpg
Staff monitoring passengers' body temperature in Wuhan railway station during the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.jpg
Passengers lining up in Wuhan railway station for their body temperature to be checked during the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.jpg
Top: Montage of various scenes in Wuhan during the outbreak
Bottom Map Legend:
  •   Areas that have been or are being blocked due to the outbreak
      Areas not yet blocked but with more cases
Date23 January – 8 April 2020 (2 months, 2 weeks and 2 days; most of Hubei ended on 25 March 2020; Wuhan lockdown ended on 8 April 2020)
Location
Hubei, China
Caused by COVID-19 pandemic
GoalsQuarantine the region of the COVID-19 outbreak
MethodsSuspension of all public transport, and control of movement in and out of the city
Resulted inAbout 13 million quarantined in Wuhan;
over 57 million in fifteen other cities [1]
China edcp location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Wuhan in Hubei province, China
People in Wuhan rush to buy vegetables. Wuhan citizens rush to buy vegetables during Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.jpg
People in Wuhan rush to buy vegetables.

On 23 January 2020, the central government of China imposed a lockdown in Wuhan and other cities in Hubei in an effort to quarantine the center of an outbreak of COVID-19; this action was commonly referred to as the Wuhan lockdown (Chinese :武汉封城; pinyin :Wǔhàn fēng chéng). The World Health Organization (WHO), although stating that it was beyond its own guidelines, commended the move, calling it "unprecedented in public health history". [2]

Contents

The lockdown in Wuhan set the precedent for similar measures in other Chinese cities. Within hours of the Wuhan lockdown, travel restrictions were also imposed on the nearby cities of Huanggang and Ezhou, and were eventually imposed on all 15 other cities in Hubei, affecting a total of about 57 million people. [3] [4] On 2 February 2020, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, implemented a seven-day lockdown in which only one person per household was allowed to exit once each two days, and most of the highway exits were closed. [5] On 13 March 2020, Huangshi [6] and Qianjiang [7] became the first Hubei cities to remove strict travel restrictions within part or all of their administrative confines. On 8 April 2020, the Wuhan lockdown officially ended. [8] The lockdown, combined with other public health measures in early 2020, succeeded in suppressing virus transmission and averted a more widespread outbreak in China. [9] [10]

Subsequent lockdowns were introduced in other regions of China in response to localised outbreaks during the two years following. The largest of these was Shanghai in early 2022.

Some Western observers, such as Amnesty International, were initially skeptical of the lockdown; [11] [12] however, as the COVID-19 pandemic spread to other countries and territories, similar measures were enacted around the globe.

A series of protests in mainland China against COVID-19 lockdowns began in November 2022.

On 7 December 2022, China's National Health Commission in a 10-point announcement stipulated that negative COVID-19 tests would no longer be required, apart from vulnerable areas such as nurseries, elderly care facilities and schools. [13]

Background

Wuhan is the capital of Hubei province in China. With a population of over 11 million, it is the largest city in Hubei, the most populous city in Central China, the seventh-most populous Chinese city, and one of the nine National Central Cities of China. Wuhan lies in the eastern Jianghan Plain, on the confluence of the Yangtze River and its largest tributary, the Han River. It is a major transportation hub, with dozens of railways, roads and expressways passing through the city and connecting to other major cities. Because of its key role in domestic transport, Wuhan is known as the "Nine Provinces' Thoroughfare" (九省通衢) [14] and sometimes referred to as "the Chicago of China". [15] [16] [17]

2020 lockdowns

Hubei

The last train on the Wuhan Metro before the lockdown Last train of Wuhan metro before authorities lock down the city for the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.jpg
The last train on the Wuhan Metro before the lockdown
Map of locked down administrative divisions of Hubei Region of Hubei quarantine.png
Map of locked down administrative divisions of Hubei

In mid-December 2019 the Chinese Government acknowledged an emerging cluster of people, many linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, were infected with pneumonia with no clear causes. Chinese scientists subsequently linked the pneumonia to a new strain of coronavirus that was given the initial designation 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Some of the first symptoms appeared on 10 December, and 24 cases were later discovered to have connection to the seafood market. [18]

Within three weeks of the first known cases, the government built sixteen large mobile hospitals in Wuhan and sent 40,000 medical staff to the city. [19] : 137 

On 10 January 2020, the first death and 41 clinically confirmed infections caused by the coronavirus were reported. [20]

By 22 January, the novel coronavirus had spread to major cities and provinces in China, with 571 confirmed cases and 17 deaths reported. Confirmed cases were also reported in other regions and countries, including Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Thailand, Japan, South Korea, and the United States.

According to Li Lanjuan, a professor at Zhejiang University's school of medicine and member of the high-level expert team convened by the National Health Commission, she had urged a lockdown on Wuhan on several occasions between 19 January and 22 January 2020 as a last resort to contain the epidemic. [21]

At 2 am on 23 January, authorities issued a notice informing residents of Wuhan that from 10 am, all public transport, including buses, railways, flights, and ferry services would be suspended. The Wuhan Airport, the Wuhan railway station, and the Wuhan Metro were all closed. The residents of Wuhan were also not allowed to leave the city without permission from the authorities. [22] The notice caused an exodus from Wuhan. An estimated 300,000 people were reported to have left Wuhan by train alone before the 10 am lockdown. [23] By the afternoon of 23 January, the authorities began shutting down some of the major highways leaving Wuhan. [24] The lockdown came two days before the Chinese New Year, the most important festival in the country, and traditionally the peak traveling season, when millions of Chinese travel across the country. [22] [24]

Following the lockdown of Wuhan, public transportation systems in two of Wuhan's neighboring prefecture-level cities, Huanggang and Ezhou, were also placed on lockdown. [22] A total of 12 other county to prefecture-level cities in Hubei, including Huangshi, Jingzhou, Yichang, Xiaogan, Jingmen, Suizhou, Xianning, Qianjiang, Xiantao, Shiyan, Tianmen and Enshi, were placed on traveling restrictions by the end of 24 January, bringing the number of people affected by the restriction to more than 50 million. [1]

Lockdown timeline

  • 23 January, transport in Wuhan, Huanggang and Ezhou severely restricted, including closure of public transit, trains, airports, and major highways
  • 24 January, travel restrictions enacted in 12 additional prefecture-level cities in Hubei
  • 13 February, the Chinese government has issued extension of order to shut down all non-essential companies, including manufacturing plants, in Hubei Province until at least 24:00 20 February.
  • 20 February, the Chinese government has issued extension of order to shut down all non-essential companies, including manufacturing plants, and all schools in Hubei Province until at least 24:00 10 March. [25]
  • 13 March: Huangshi removes controls and permits on road traffic within its urban area; [6] Qianjiang does the same for its entire administrative area. [7]
  • 14 March: Hubei Sanitation and Health Committee (卫生健康委员会) Vice-chairperson Liu Dongru (柳东如) announces that only Wuhan remains a "high-risk area", [26] and that the entirety of the rest of the province is considered medium- or "low-risk areas". Any low-risk township-level divisions, in addition to those medium- and high-risk divisions with no confirmed active cases, could lift their blockades and other mobility controls. [27] Per China News Service reporting, by 14 March, besides the aforementioned Huangshi and Qianjiang, Yichang, Huanggang, Suizhou, Xiantao, Jingzhou, Jingmen, Shiyan, Xiangyang, Tianmen and Shennongjia had announced "measures to lessen controls" and for industries to incrementally resume work and production. [27]
  • 17 March: Jingzhou removes its permit requirements for transport, resuming normal transport operations, and also removes entry/exit controls on xiaoqu . [28]
  • 18 March: The Hubei taskforce to control COVID-19 (湖北省新冠肺炎疫情防控指挥部) announces that, with the exception of exit/entry into Wuhan and the province as a whole, all anti-COVID-19 traffic checkpoints within the province are to be removed. [29]
  • 22 March: Wuhan loosens its two-month lockdown. [30]
  • 25 March: Hubei lifts the lockdown outside of Wuhan, [31] although people will still need to confirm their "Green Code" health classification, designated by Alipay's monitoring system, [31] to travel. [32]
  • 8 April: Wuhan lifts its lockdown, resumes all transportation, [33] with residents intending to leave the city facing similar "Green Code" requirements as those in the rest of the province. [32] [34]
Cities under lockdown in China
PlaceProvinceStart dateEnd date City level PopulationCasesDeathsRecoveriesActive
Wuhan Hubei 2020-01-232020-04-08 [35] [27] [36] Sub-provincial 11,081,00050,3403,86946,4710
Xiaogan Hubei2020-01-242020-03-25 [37] Prefectural 4,920,0003,5181293,3890
Huanggang Hubei2020-01-232020-03-25 [37] Prefectural6,330,0002,9071252,7820
Jingzhou Hubei2020-01-242020-03-17 [38] Prefectural5,590,2001,580521,5280
Ezhou Hubei2020-01-232020-03-25 [37] Prefectural1,077,7001,394591,3350
Suizhou Hubei2020-01-242020-03-25 [37] Prefectural2,216,7001,307451,2620
Xiangyang Hubei2020-01-28 [39] 2020-03-25 [37] Prefectural5,669,0001,175401,1350
Huangshi Hubei2020-01-242020-03-13 [40] Prefectural2,470,7001,015399760
Yichang Hubei2020-01-242020-03-25 [37] Prefectural4,135,850931378940
Jingmen Hubei2020-01-242020-03-25 [37] Prefectural2,896,500928418870
Xianning Hubei2020-01-242020-03-25 [37] Prefectural2,543,300836158210
Shiyan Hubei2020-01-242020-03-25 [37] Prefectural3,406,00067286640
Xiantao Hubei2020-01-242020-03-25 [37] Sub-prefectural 1,140,500575225530
Tianmen Hubei2020-01-242020-03-25 [37] Sub-prefectural1,272,300496154810
Enshi Hubei2020-01-242020-03-25 [37] Prefectural 3,378,00025272450
Qianjiang Hubei2020-01-242020-03-13 [41] Sub-prefectural966,00019891890
Shennongjia Hubei2020-01-272020-03-25 [37] Sub-prefectural78,912110110
Wenzhou Zhejiang 2020-02-022020-02-20 [42] Prefectural9,190,00050715033
Ürümqi Xinjiang2020-07-182020-08-26 [43] Prefectural3,519,60084508450
Shijiazhuang Hebei 2021-01-072021-01-31 [44] Prefectural11,031,200977196214
Xi'an Shaanxi 2021-12-22 [45] 2022-01-16 [46] Sub-provincial8,467,8382,26532,18577
Yuzhou Henan 2022-01-04 [47] 2022-01-31 [48] County 1,167,000----
Anyang Henan2022-01-10 [49] 2022-02-03 [50] Prefectural5,477,61452205220
Shenzhen Guangdong 2022-03-14 [51] [52] 2022-03-21 [53] [54] Sub-provincial 17,560,0009823428551
Shanghai Shanghai2022-04-01 [55] 2022-06-01 [56] Direct-administered municipality 24,870,895
Lockdown total101,602,89568,1354,51263,6230
Outbreak ongoing: Infection and fatality data as of 24:00 (UTC+8) 4 June 2020. [57] [58] Totals will evolve.

Elsewhere in China

Lockdowns by outdoor restrictions

On 1 February in Huanggang, Hubei implemented a measure whereby only one person from each household is permitted to go outside for provisions once every two days, except for medical reasons or to work at shops or pharmacies. Many cities, districts, and counties across mainland China implemented similar measures in the days following, including Wenzhou, Hangzhou, Fuzhou, Harbin, and the whole of Jiangxi.

Chinese administrative divisions with household-based outdoor restrictions
Administrative
division		Division
Level		Provincial
division		Start dateEnd dateOrdinary
population		Population
year		NotesSources
Huanggang PrefecturalHubei2020-02-012020-03-226,162,0692010 [59]
Wenzhou PrefecturalZhejiang2020-02-022020-02-089,190,0002017
Wenling PrefecturalZhejiang2020-02-021,366,8002010
Fangchenggang PrefecturalGuangxi2020-02-022020-02-08860,1002010
Guigang PrefecturalGuangxi2020-02-021,562,200
(Urban only)		2010Urban districts only
Yuzhou, Yulin DistrictGuangxi2020-02-022020-02-09900,0002010
Zhouzhi, Xi'an CountyShaanxi2020-02-02562,7682010One person per household every day
Huyi, Xi'an DistrictShaanxi2020-02-032020-02-09556,3772010One person per household every day
Bengbu PrefecturalAnhui2020-02-033,164,4672010
Huaibei PrefecturalAnhui2020-02-032,114,2762010
Bincheng,
Binzhou 		DistrictShandong2020-02-032020-02-09682,7172010
Taizhou PrefecturalZhejiang2020-02-035,968,8382010
Hangzhou PrefecturalZhejiang2020-02-049,806,0002017
Ezhou PrefecturalHubei2020-02-041,048,6682010
Fuzhou PrefecturalFujian2020-02-047,660,0002017
Xuzhou PrefecturalJiangsu2020-02-042020-02-088,577,2252010
Jingdezhen PrefecturalJiangxi2020-02-042020-03-311,655,0002015 [60]
Harbin PrefecturalHeilongjiang2020-02-0410,635,9712010
Yicheng,
Zhumadian 		DistrictHenan2020-02-04721,7232010One person per household every five days
Xincheng, Xi'an DistrictShaanxi2020-02-04589,7392010
Chang'an, Xi'an DistrictShaanxi2020-02-041,083,2852010
Yanta, Xi'an DistrictShaanxi2020-02-051,178,5292010
Lianhu, Xi'an DistrictShaanxi2020-02-05712,3002015
Ningbo PrefecturalZhejiang2020-02-058,202,0002018
Hailing, Taizhou DistrictJiangsu2020-02-05594,6562010
Hefei PrefecturalAnhui2020-02-057,965,3002017
Fuyang PrefecturalAnhui2020-02-052020-02-087,599,9132010
Benxi PrefecturalLiaoning2020-02-051,709,5382017
Ngawa Autonomous
Prefecture		Sichuan2020-02-05930,1002015
Garzê Autonomous
Prefecture		Sichuan2020-02-051,164,9002015
Liuzhou PrefecturalGuangxi2020-02-053,758,7002010
Guilin PrefecturalGuangxi2020-02-054,961,6002015
Jinchengjiang,
Hechi 		DistrictGuangxi2020-02-05330,1312010One person per household every day
Jiangxi Province–2020-02-062020-03-3145,200,0002013 [60]
Xianyang PrefecturalShaanxi2020-02-065,096,0012010
Jinzhou PrefecturalLiaoning2020-02-063,070,0002010
Kuancheng,
Changchun 		DistrictJilin2020-02-06680,6312010
Tangshan PrefecturalHebei2020-02-077,935,8002018
Baodi, TianjinDistrictTianjin2020-02-09799,0572010
Hubei Province–2020-02-162020-03-13
~2020-04-08		59,020,0002018
Suifenhe CountyHeilongjiang2020-04-0869,6072018One person per household every three days
All233,511,355Sum of census data and population estimates above
Exit-Entry Permit for Residents During the Outbreak of 2019-nCoV.png
Closed management in Jintan District, Changzhou, Jiangsu, where citizens are allowed outside for purchasing once every two days with permit.
Road closure notice on Tianhe Road, Yucheng Street, Yuhuan City, Zhejiang Province-1.jpg
Some areas took road closure measures to avoid the spread of COVID-19. Pictured is a road closure notice on Tianhe Road, Yucheng Subdistrict, Yuhuan, Zhejiang.
Anti-COVID Slogans in Lushunkou District, Dalian City 02.jpg
A slogan for road closure in Lyushunkou District, Dalian, Liaoning.
Community that is closed due to 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan on 27 February 2020.jpg
Residents in Wuhan had to buy daily necessities and food across the fence gate due to their community lockdown.

Closed management of communities

Many areas across China have implemented what is called "closed management" (Chinese :封闭式管理; pinyin :fēngbìshì guǎnlǐ) on a community-basis. In most of the areas where this came into effect, villages, communities, and units in most areas would only keep one entrance and exit point open, and each household is allowed limited numbers of entrances and exits. In some places, night-time access is prohibited, effectively a curfew, and in extreme cases, access is prohibited throughout the day. [61] People entering and leaving are required to wear masks and receive temperature tests. In some areas, vouchers are issued to the public, with vouchers and valid credentials. There are also areas where people are allowed to declare on WeChat mini-programs or public accounts and some apps at the same time. [62] Courier and food delivery personnel are usually prohibited from entering. Control in communities with confirmed cases is more stringent.

List by the time of official announcement:

Closed management of communities in Mainland China during the COVID-19 outbreak
Start DateEnd
Date		PlaceProvinceCity levelSources and Notes
2020-01-312020-03-25 Wanzhou Chongqingcounty [63]
2020-03-25 Liangping county
April 2020 Wuzhong City Ningxiaprefecture
Yinchuan City prefecture
2020-02-022020-02-19 Wenzhou City Zhejiangprefecture [64] [65] [66] [67] [68]
2020-02-032020-04-10 Huai'an City Jiangsuprefecture [69]
Jiangyin City county [70]
2020-02-04 Hangzhou City ZhejiangSub-provincial [71] [72]
Ningbo City prefecture
Zhengzhou City HenanSub-provincial
Zhumadian City prefecture
Linyi City Shandongprefecture
Harbin City HeilongjiangSub-provincial
Nanjing City JiangsuSub-provincial [73]
Xuzhou City prefectureuntil 24:00 on 8 February
Changzhou City prefecture [74]
Nantong City prefecture [75]
Zhenjiang City prefecture [76]
Jiangyan District county [77]
Fuzhou City FujianSub-provincial
Jingdezhen City Jiangxiprefecture [78]
2020-02-05 Haikou City Hainanprefecture
Sanya City prefecture [79]
Kunming City YunnanSub-provincial
Qingdao City Shandongprefecture
Jinan City Sub-provincial
Tai'an City prefecture
Rizhao City prefecture
Nanchang City JiangxiSub-provincial
2020-03-18 Hefei City AnhuiSub-provincial
Nanning City GuangxiSub-provincial
Shijiazhuang City HebeiSub-provincial
Yangzhou City Jiangsuprefecture [80]
Taizhou City prefecture [81]
Suqian City prefecture [82]
Buning County County [83]
2020-02-06—Liaoning
— Jiangxi [84]
Jilin City Jilin
2020-03-18 Ma'anshan City Anhuiprefecture
Zhuhai City Guangdongprefecture
Ya'an City Sichuanprefecture
Neijiang City prefecture
Suzhou City Jiangsuprefecture [85]
2020-02-07— Hubei Community closed management further added on 10 February
2020-03-18— Anhui [86]
— Tianjin [87]
Guangzhou City GuangdongSub-provincial
Shenzhen City prefecture
Lanzhou City GansuSub-provincial
Chengdu City SichuanSub-provincial [88]
Suining City prefecture
Guangyuan City prefecture
Guiyang City GuizhouSub-provincial
Zunyi City prefecture
Tangshan City Hebeiprefecture [89]
Lianyungang City Jiangsuprefecture [90]
Jiangjin District Chongqingcounty
2020-02-08　— Chongqing [91]
Ziyang City Sichuanprefecture
Foshan City Guangdongprefecture
2020-02-09 Deyang City Sichuanprefecture
Mianyang City prefecture
Huizhou City Guangdongprefecture
Dongguan City prefecture
Hanzhong City Shaanxiprefecture
Wuxi City Jiangsuprefecture [92]
2020-02-10—Beijing [93]
—Shanghai [94]
2020-02-12　—Neimenggu [95]
2020-03-31 Jia County HenanCounty [96]
2020-04-08　 Suifenhe City Heilongjiangprefecture [97]
14 March 2022　 Shenzhen City Guangdongprefecture [98] [99] [100]

Impacts and reactions

The exodus from Wuhan before the lockdown resulted in angry responses on the Chinese microblogging website Sina Weibo from residents in other cities who were concerned that it could result in spreading of the novel coronavirus to their cities. Some in Wuhan were concerned with the availability of provisions and especially medical supplies during the lockdown. [24] [101]

The World Health Organization called the Wuhan lockdown "unprecedented" and said it showed "how committed the authorities are to contain a viral breakout". However, WHO clarified that the move was not a recommendation that WHO had made and authorities have to wait and see how effective it is. [2] The WHO separately stated that the possibility of locking down an entire city in this way was "new to science". [102]

The CSI 300 Index, an aggregate measure of the top 300 stocks in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges, dropped almost 3% on 23 January 2020, the biggest single-day loss in almost 9 months, after the Wuhan lockdown was announced as investors reacting to the drastic measure sought safe haven for their investments. [103]

The unprecedented scale of this lockdown generated controversy, and at least one expert criticized this measure as "risky business" that "could very easily backfire" by forcing otherwise healthy people in Wuhan to stay in close conditions with infected people. [104] Drawing a cordon sanitaire around a city of 11 million people raises ethical concerns. It also drew comparisons to the lockdown of the poor West Point neighbourhood in Liberia during the 2014 ebola outbreak, which was lifted after ten days. [104] [105]

The lockdown caused panic in the city of Wuhan, and many expressed concern about the city's ability to cope with the outbreak. At the time, some experts questioned whether the large costs of such a vast lockdown, both financially and in terms of personal liberty, would translate to effective infection control. [102] Medical historian Howard Markel argued that the Chinese government "may now be overreacting, imposing an unjustifiable burden on the population," and said that "incremental restrictions, enforced steadily and transparently, tend to work far better than draconian measures." [106] Others, such as Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, defended the intent behind the lockdowns, saying that they have bought the world a "delay to essentially prepare better." Mathematical epidemiologist Gerardo Chowell of Georgia State University stated that based on mathematical modelling, "containment strategies implemented in China are successfully reducing transmission." [107]

However, as the global COVID-19 pandemic worsened, similar lockdown measures were enacted around the world. After northern Italy became a new hotspot of the outbreak in late February, the Italian government has enacted what has been called a "Wuhan-style lockdown," by quarantining nearly a dozen towns of 50,000 people in the provinces of Lombardy and Veneto. [108] [109] Iran, another developing hotspot for the coronavirus as of 25 February, has come under calls to assume similar lockdown procedures as China and Italy. Security experts such as Gal Luft of the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security in Washington, have said that "The best way for Iran to deal with the disease is to do precisely what China has done – quarantine." and that "If Wuhan with its 11 million population can be under quarantine, so can Tehran with its 8 million" [110]

By late 2020, public health experts estimated that the Wuhan lockdown prevented between 500,000 and 3 million infections and between 18,000 and 70,000 deaths. [111] A November 2021 study examining data from the first half of 2020 estimated that over 347,000 deaths may have been prevented in China by COVID-19 prevention measures from 1 January 2020, to 31 July 2020. The estimate does not solely include deaths that would have occurred due to COVID-19. It includes deaths that were inadvertently prevented, such as from traffic collisions or air pollution. [112]

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020</span> Sequence of major events in a virus pandemic

This article documents the chronology of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020, which originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Some developments may become known or fully understood only in retrospect. Reporting on this outbreak began in December 2019.

Guo Jing is a Chinese women's rights activist, feminist activist, social worker, and book author based in Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China. She is known for writing Wuhan Lockdown Diary, a diary she wrote during the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China. Her work has appeared in or has been covered by The New York Times, The New Yorker, The Guardian, and BBC News among others. Her book, Wuhan Lockdown Diary, was published in March 2020 by Taiwan Linking Publishing Company (台湾联经出版社).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing</span> Ongoing COVID-19 viral pandemic in Beijing

The COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing is part of the worldwide pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease first reached Beijing on 20 January 2020.

This article presents official statistics gathered during the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chinese government response to COVID-19</span> Response from the Chinese government to COVID-19

During the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China, the government of China under CCP general secretary Xi Jinping's administration pursued a zero-COVID strategy to prevent the domestic spread of COVID-19 until December 7, 2022. Aspects of the response have been controversial, with the zero-COVID approach being praised and the government's lack of transparency, censorship, and spread of misinformation being criticized. The government abandoned its zero-COVID policy on 7 December 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Shanghai COVID-19 outbreak</span> COVID-19 viral outbreak in Shanghai in 2022

A COVID-19 outbreak in the city of Shanghai, China began on February 28, 2022, and ended on August 7, 2022. The outbreak was caused by the Omicron variant and became the most widespread in Shanghai since the pandemic began two years prior. Authorities responded with mass COVID-19 testing and a strict lockdown of the city in an effort to uphold China's zero-COVID policy; the latter marked the largest one in the country since the lockdown of Hubei in early 2020. The outbreak caused substantial economic and social disruption across Shanghai with consequences felt elsewhere, and led to the spread of COVID-19 to other parts of China, including Beijing, Guangdong, and Hunan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019–2020 COVID-19 outbreak in mainland China</span> COVID-19 viral pandemic in mainland China in 2020

The 2019–2020 COVID-19 outbreak in mainland China was the first COVID-19 outbreak in that country, and the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). China was the first country to experience an outbreak of the disease, the first to impose drastic measures in response, and one of the first countries to bring the outbreak under control.

The COVID-19 pandemic reached the province of Jilin, China in 2020.

The COVID-19 pandemic reached the province of Zhejiang, China.

References

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