2020 coronavirus pandemic in Taiwan

2020 coronavirus pandemic in Taiwan
Confirmed cases per million residents by subdivision
Confirmed cases breakdown by municipalities and counties   0   1   2~4   5~9   10~19   20~29   30~49   50~74   75+   100+
Disease	COVID-19
Virus strain	SARS-CoV-2
Location	Taiwan
First outbreak	Wuhan, Hubei, China
Index case	Taoyuan International Airport
Arrival date	21 January 2020 (3 months, 1 week and 5 days)
Confirmed cases	436 [1] [2]
Recovered	332 [1] [3] [4]
Deaths	6 [1] [3] [4]
Official website
www.cdc.gov.tw/En

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a more moderate impact in Taiwan than in many neighboring countries, with six deaths total as of 30 April 2020. ^{[5] [6] [7]} The number of active cases peaked on 6 April at 307 cases. ^[8]

The Taiwanese government integrated data from the national healthcare system, immigration, and customs authorities to aid in the identification and response to the virus. Government efforts are coordinated through the National Health Command Center (NHCC) of the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, established to aid in disaster management for epidemics following the 2004 SARS outbreak. ^{[9] [10]}

The Journal of the American Medical Association states that Taiwan engaged in 124 discrete action items to prevent the spread of the disease, including early screening of flights from Mainland China and the tracking of individual cases. ^{[11] [6]}

Taiwan's handling of the outbreak has received international praise for its effectiveness in quarantining people and by using the "electronic fence" to slow down the virus, despite being unable to gather WHO information due to being barred by China, and is seen as the model for other countries to learn from. ^{[12] [5]} As of 17 April, 51,603 tests had been conducted in Taiwan with the vast majority not confirming a coronavirus diagnosis. ^[13]

Starting 19 March foreign nationals were barred from entering Taiwan, with some exceptions, such as those carrying out the term of a business contract, holding valid Alien Resident Certificates, diplomatic credentials, or other official documentation and special permits. ^[14]

Timeline

COVID-19 cases in Taiwan  ( v t e )      Deaths        Recoveries        Active cases JanJanFebFebMarMarAprAprMayMayLast 15 daysLast 15 days
Date			# of cases	# of deaths
2020-01-20			0	0(=)
2020-01-21		​	1	0(=)
2020-01-22		​	1(=)	0(=)
2020-01-23		​	1(=)	=
2020-01-24		​	3(+300%)	0(=)
2020-01-25		​	3(=)	0(=)
2020-01-26		​	4(+33%)	0(=)
2020-01-27		​	5(+25%)	0(=)
2020-01-28		​	8(+60%)	0(=)
2020-01-29		​	8(=)	0(=)
2020-01-30		​	9(+12%)	0(=)
2020-01-31		​	10(+11%)	0(=)
2020-02-01		​	10(=)	0(=)
2020-02-02		​	10(=)	0(=)
2020-02-03		​	10(=)	0(=)
2020-02-04		​	11(+10%)	0(=)
2020-02-05		​	11(=)	0(=)
2020-02-06		​ ​	16(+45%)	0(=)
2020-02-07		​ ​	16(=)	0(=)
2020-02-08		​ ​	17(+6%)	0(=)
2020-02-09		​ ​	18(+6%)	0(=)
2020-02-10		​ ​	18(=)	0(=)
2020-02-11		​ ​	18(=)	0(=)
2020-02-12		​ ​	18(=)	0(=)
2020-02-13		​ ​	18(=)	0(=)
2020-02-14		​ ​	18(=)	0(=)
2020-02-15		​ ​	18(=)	0(=)
2020-02-16		​ ​ ​	20(+11%)	1(=)
2020-02-17		​ ​ ​	22(+10%)	1(=)
2020-02-18		​ ​ ​	22(=)	1(=)
2020-02-19		​ ​ ​	24(+9%)	1(=)
2020-02-20		​ ​ ​	24(=)	1(=)
2020-02-21		​ ​ ​	26(+8%)	1(=)
2020-02-22		​ ​ ​	26(=)	1(=)
2020-02-23		​ ​ ​	28(+8%)	1(=)
2020-02-24		​ ​ ​	30(+7%)	1(=)
2020-02-25		​ ​ ​	31(+3%)	1(=)
2020-02-26		​ ​ ​	32(+3%)	1(=)
2020-02-27		​ ​ ​	32(=)	1(=)
2020-02-28		​ ​ ​	34(+6%)	1(=)
2020-02-29		​ ​ ​	39(+15%)	1(=)
2020-03-01		​ ​ ​	40(+3%)	1(=)
2020-03-02		​ ​ ​	41(+2%)	1(=)
2020-03-03		​ ​ ​	42(+2%)	1(=)
2020-03-04		​ ​ ​	42(=)	1(=)
2020-03-05		​ ​ ​	44(+5%)	1(=)
2020-03-06		​ ​ ​	45(+2%)	1(=)
2020-03-07		​ ​ ​	45(=)	1(=)
2020-03-08		​ ​ ​	45(=)	1(=)
2020-03-09		​ ​ ​	45(=)	1(=)
2020-03-10		​ ​ ​	47(+4%)	1(=)
2020-03-11		​ ​ ​	48(+2%)	1(=)
2020-03-12		​ ​ ​	49(+2%)	1(=)
2020-03-13		​ ​ ​	50(+2%)	1(=)
2020-03-14		​ ​ ​	53(+6%)	1(=)
2020-03-15		​ ​ ​	59(+11%)	1(=)
2020-03-16		​ ​ ​	67(+14%)	1(=)
2020-03-17		​ ​ ​	77(+15%)	1(=)
2020-03-18		​ ​ ​	100(+30%)	1(=)
2020-03-19		​ ​ ​	108(+8%)	1(=)
2020-03-20		​ ​ ​	135(+25%)	2(+100%)
2020-03-21		​ ​ ​	153(+13%)	2(=)
2020-03-22		​ ​ ​	169(+10%)	2(=)
2020-03-23		​ ​ ​	195(+15%)	2(=)
2020-03-24		​ ​ ​	215(+10%)	2(=)
2020-03-25		​ ​ ​	235(+9%)	2(=)
2020-03-26		​ ​ ​	252(+7%)	2(=)
2020-03-27		​ ​ ​	267(+6%)	2(=)
2020-03-28		​ ​ ​	283(+6%)	2(=)
2020-03-29		​ ​ ​	298(+5%)	2(=)
2020-03-30		​ ​ ​	306(+3%)	5(+150%)
2020-03-31		​ ​ ​	322(+5%)	5(=)
2020-04-01		​ ​ ​	329(+2%)	5(=)
2020-04-02		​ ​ ​	339(+3%)	5(=)
2020-04-03		​ ​ ​	348(+3%)	5(=)
2020-04-04		​ ​ ​	355(+2%)	5(=)
2020-04-05		​ ​ ​	363(+2%)	5(=)
2020-04-06		​ ​ ​	373(+3%)	5(=)
2020-04-07		​ ​ ​	376(+<1%)	5(=)
2020-04-08		​ ​ ​	379(+<1%)	5(=)
2020-04-09		​ ​ ​	380(+<1%)	5(=)
2020-04-10		​ ​ ​	382(+<1%)	6(+20%)
2020-04-11		​ ​ ​	385(+<1%)	6(=)
2020-04-12		​ ​ ​	388(+<1%)	6(=)
2020-04-13		​ ​ ​	393(+1.3%)	6(=)
2020-04-14		​ ​ ​	393(=)	6(=)
2020-04-15		​ ​ ​	395(+<1%)	6(=)
2020-04-16		​ ​ ​	395(=)	6(=)
2020-04-17		​ ​ ​	395(=)	6(=)
2020-04-18		​ ​ ​	398(+<1%)	6(=)
2020-04-19		​ ​ ​	420(+5.5%)	6(=)
2020-04-20		​ ​ ​	422(+<1%)	6(=)
2020-04-21		​ ​ ​	425(+<1%)	6(=)
2020-04-22		​ ​ ​	426(+<1%)	6(=)
2020-04-23		​ ​ ​	427(+<1%)	6(=)
2020-04-24		​ ​ ​	428(+<1%)	6(=)
2020-04-25		​ ​ ​	429(+<1%)	6(=)
2020-04-26		​ ​ ​	429(=)	6(=)
2020-04-27		​ ​ ​	429(=)	6(=)
2020-04-28		​ ​ ​	429(=)	6(=)
2020-04-29		​ ​ ​	429(=)	6(=)
2020-04-30		​ ​ ​	429(=)	6(=)
2020-05-01		​ ​ ​	429(=)	6(=)
2020-05-02		​ ​ ​	432(+<1%)	6(=)
2020-05-03		​ ​ ​	432(=)	6(=)
Sources: Taiwan Centers for Disease Control [15] /Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU) [16]

On 21 January, the first case in Taiwan was confirmed in a 50-year-old woman who had just returned to Taoyuan International Airport from her teaching job in Wuhan. ^{[17] [18]} She reported on her own initiative and was hospitalised without formal domestic entry. ^[18] The first domestic case was diagnosed in Taiwan on 28 January. ^[19] The first death in Taiwan was confirmed on 16 February involving a man in his 60s who had Hepatitis B and diabetes. ^[20] A woman in Taiwan was reported to have tested positive for novel coronavirus on 19 February 2020, though she had not traveled outside of Taiwan for two years. ^[21] Five new cases of coronavirus were reported in Taiwan on 29 February 2020, four of which marked the first transmission of the disease in a hospital setting. ^[22] Taiwan's fiftieth case of coronavirus was confirmed on 13 March 2020, an American expatriate who hosted four United States citizens at his home in Taiwan. ^[23] The next day, three new cases of coronavirus were confirmed to have been imported from Europe. ^[24] A Taiwanese national aboard the Diamond Princess tested positive on 6 February. ^[25] As of 19 February, five Taiwanese nationals aboard the ship tested positive. ^[26] Two Taiwanese who fell ill on the Diamond Princess were discharged from Japanese hospitals in February 2020. ^[27] The nineteen other Taiwanese passengers on the Diamond Princess were quarantined in Taiwan until 7 March 2020. All tested negative for coronavirus, and were released. ^[28] The index case for coronavirus in Taiwan recovered from the disease and was discharged from hospital on 6 February 2020. ^[29] Approximately a week later, a second Taiwanese national, the tenth case of coronavirus, had also recovered. ^[30] On 15 March, Taiwan announced six new cases, all imported. Taiwan's health minister has advised people to remain in Taiwan and avoid travel. ^[31] On 20 March 2020, Taiwan reported 27 new cases, the highest single-day increase. ^[32] The second death linked to coronavirus in Taiwan was announced on 20 March, and involved a man in his 80s, who had no recent travel history, but did have hypertension, diabetes and relied on kidney dialysis. ^[33] The death of a guide who had led tours to Austria and the Czech Republic was reported on 29 March. ^[34] The next day, two Taiwanese nationals who had traveled to Spain were reported to have died of coronavirus. ^[35] A Taiwanese man who had toured Egypt in March died of coronavirus on 9 April. ^[36] On 18 April 2020, three Republic of China Navy cadets were confirmed to have contracted coronavirus following a military operation in Palau. ^[37] Other personnel on the ship were confirmed to have contracted the disease as part of the first cluster to affect the Republic of China Armed Forces. ^[38] As more cases from that cluster were identified, ^{[39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44]} President Tsai Ing-wen asked the Ministry of National Defense to investigate the situation. ^[45] Defense minister Yen Teh-fa stated that vice admiral Kao Chia-pin and rear admiral Chen Tao-hui had been removed from their posts as commander of Republic of China Naval Fleet Command and leader of the ROCN's Friendship Fleet, respectively. ^[46] On 30 April 2020, an employee of the Taipei Representative Office in France was confirmed to have fallen ill with coronavirus, becoming the first Taiwanese diplomat stationed overseas to contract the disease. ^{[47] [48]}

As of 3 May, there are 436 confirmed cases in Taiwan, including six deaths. ^{[44] [36]} Among the confirmed cases is a Taiwanese man in his 50s who was fined NT$300,000 for failure to report his symptoms and attempting to conceal his subsequent activities, leading to a potential contamination incident at a ballroom in Kaohsiung. ^[49] As of 3 May 2020, 324 people have recovered from coronavirus in Taiwan. ^[50]

Cases

Imported cases: 346; Locally transmitted cases: 55; Navy cases: 35

Preventive measures

Surgical masks used by people in Taiwan

Surgical masks and other medical equipment sold out in Taiwan

Before first case reported

On 31 December 2019, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (CDC) implemented inspection measures for inbound flights from Wuhan, China in response to reports of an unidentified outbreak. ^[51] The passengers of all such flights were inspected by health officials before disembarking. ^[51] Taiwan's Central News Agency reported that Luo Yi-jun, deputy director for Taiwan's Centers for Disease Control, had been reading on PTT in the early hours of New Year's Eve when a thread about an unknown disease causing pneumonia in Wuhan caught his attention. He saw a post including screenshots from a group chat with Li Wenliang. He immediately emailed colleagues and put the country on alert. ^{[52] [53]}

A six-year-old passenger who transferred in Wuhan and developed a fever was closely monitored by the CDC. ^[54] At this time, there were alleged to be 27 cases of the new pneumonia in Wuhan. ^[54]

By 5 January 2020, the Taiwan CDC began monitoring all individuals who had travelled to Wuhan within fourteen days and exhibited a fever or symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections. These people were screened for 26 known pathogens, including SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome, and those testing positive were quarantined. ^[9]

On 20 January, the government deemed the risk posed by the outbreak sufficient to activate the Central Epidemic Command Center (CECC). ^{[55] [56] [57]} Originally established as a level 3 government entity, ^[56] the CECC was promoted to level 1 on 28 February. ^[58] The CECC has coordinated government responses across areas including logistics for citizens on the Diamond Princess, disinfection of public spaces around schools, and providing daily briefings with Chen Shih-chung, the Minister of Health and Welfare. ^[9]

After first case reported

After the first case of the coronavirus was reported on 21 January, the Taiwanese government announced a temporary ban on the export of face masks for a month on 24 January to secure a supply of masks for its own citizens. ^{[59] [60]} The ban was extended twice; on 13 February until the end of April, ^[61] and on 13 April until the end of June. ^[62] On 6 February, the government instituted a mask rationing system, requiring citizens to present their National Health Insurance card. ^{[63] [64]} Prior to its implementation, the system was extended to holders of the Alien Resident Certificate, and people with valid entry permits. ^[65] People with odd-numbered identity documents were permitted to buy masks on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays; those with even-numbered identity documents were to buy masks on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays; anyone is allowed to buy masks on Sundays. Adults were allowed to buy two masks each visit and children four, with the restriction that a minimum of seven days must elapse since the last purchase. The date restriction for children under thirteen years of age was revoked on 27 February. ^{[66] [67]} Starting 5 March, adults were permitted to buy three masks weekly, and the children's quota was raised to five. ^[68] Masks were available for pre-order online from 12 March. ^[69] In April, the mask rationing system was revised, so that adults could buy nine masks every two weeks. From 9 April, the specific date restrictions are to be removed. In addition, Taiwanese nationals can send 30 masks every two months overseas to first or second-degree relatives. ^{[70] [71]} Taiwan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs assumed responsibility for distribution of masks to families of diplomats. ^[72]

With population of 23.8 million, Taiwan has been producing more than 10 million masks per day since March.

On 2 February 2020, Taiwan's Central Epidemic Command Center postponed the opening of primary and secondary schools until 25 February (originally 11 February). ^{[73] [74]} In early February 2020 Taiwan's Central Epidemic Command Center requested the mobilization of the Taiwanese Armed Forces to contain the spread of the virus and to build up the defenses against it. Soldiers were dispatched to the factory floors of major mask manufacturers to help staff the 62 additional mask production lines being set up at the time. ^[75] In early March, Taiwan's average production of surgical face masks reached 9.2 million per day. ^[76] By the end of March, the daily production of surgical face masks reached 13 million. ^[77]

Disinfection against coronavirus

The Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation and the Taiwan Sugar Corporation increased production of 75 percent alcohol for use in sanitation. ^[78] On 25 February 2020, the Heping Women and Children's Hospital, a branch of the Taipei City Hospital  [ zh ], was specially designated to care for patients with coronavirus. ^[79] From 4–31 March, the export of digital thermometers was banned. ^{[80] [81]} On 16 March, the Tsai Ing-wen presidential administration announced that Makalot Industrial and other Taiwanese companies would begin domestic mass production of protective gowns, ending a reliance on American imports from DuPont during the pandemic. ^[82] A ban on the export hand sanitizers and disinfectants was announced on 1 May 2020. ^[83]

The Special Act on COVID-19 Prevention, Relief and Restoration was passed by the Legislative Yuan on 25 February 2020, ^[84] followed by a special budget for coronavirus expenses on 13 March 2020. ^[85] The special budget was raised by an amendment passed on 21 April. ^[86]

As of 14 March, persons returning to Taiwan from most of Europe, plus persons who have transferred through China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Dubai, must quarantine in-home for 14 days. ^[87] As of 17 March, foreign nationals permitted in the country, namely, those who hold Alien Resident Certificates or who are on urgent diplomatic, business or other special missions, can rent a room in a public quarantine center. ^[88] On 20 March, the CECC has raised global travel notice to level 3; Taiwanese citizens are advised to avoid all nonessential travel. ^[89] On 31 March, transportation and communications minister Lin Chia-lung announced that all passengers on trains and intercity buses were required to wear masks, as were people at highway rest stops. The Taiwan High Speed Rail Corporation installed thermal cameras at entrances to all twelve high speed rail stations. The Taiwan Railways Administration did the same for every one of its 239 stations. ^[90] The CECC stated on 3 April that passengers who refuse to wear masks after being asked to do so would be assessed a fine of NT$3,000 to NT$15,000, as stipulated by the Communicable Disease Control Act (傳染病防治法). ^[91]

Travel notices

Due to the coronavirus outbreak, Level 3 travel alerts have been issued by Taiwan for every country or region globally. ^[92] Taiwanese authorities suspended tours to China starting in February 2020. ^[93] The ban's duration was extended through April 2020, ^[94] and expanded to cover Hong Kong and Macau. ^[95] On 31 January, Italy banned flights from Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. ^{[96] [97]} However, China Airlines was permitted to fly Taiwanese nationals in Italy to Taiwan. ^{[98] [99]} Taiwan announced a ban on cruise ships entering all Taiwanese ports from 6 February. ^[100] On 10 February, the Philippines announced a ban on the entry of Taiwanese citizens due to the One-China Policy. ^[101] Later on 14 February, Presidential Spokesperson of Philippines, Salvador Panelo, announced the lifting of the temporary ban on Taiwan. ^[102] On 23 February 2020, Taiwan banned frontline medical professionals working in hospitals from traveling to areas placed under a Level 3 travel alert. ^{[103] [104]} The ban is to remain in place until 30 June. ^[105] On 16 March, the Executive Yuan announced that teachers and students at the secondary school level and below were prohibited from overseas travel until July. ^[106] Starting 19 March foreign nationals were barred from entering Taiwan, with some exceptions, such as those carrying out the term of a business contract, holding valid Alien Resident Certificates, diplomatic credentials, or other official documentation and special permits. ^[14]

Levels	Suggestions	Included countries/regions [107]
Level 1: Watch	Follow local prevention measures Self quarantine for 14 days required upon arrival	None
Level 2: Alert	Further protective measures Self quarantine for 14 days required upon arrival	None
Level 3: Warning	Avoid all nonessential travels Self quarantine for 14 days required upon arrival	Global

Economic impact

Amid Taiwan’s success of preventing mass lockdown that could have devastated the economy, International Monetary Fund (IMF) forecasted Taiwan’s 2020 annual gross domestic product (GDP) with a decline of 4%, lower than 6% average decline of most developed economies. ^[108] Private analysts predict a contraction of just 1.2% of the GDP while the government remains optimistic of a growth of 1.92%. ^[109]

Aviation

In the aviation industry, Taiwanese carrier China Airlines's direct flights to Rome have first been rejected and cancelled since Italy has announced the ban on Taiwanese flights. ^[110] The second-largest Taiwanese airline, Eva Air, has also postponed the launch of Milan and Phuket flights. ^[111] Both Taiwanese airlines have cut numerous cross-strait destinations, leaving just three Chinese cities still served. ^[112] As global cases emerge, air demands for traveling have been decreasing, leaving the country’s largest airport, Taoyuan International Airport, with just 669 passengers arriving or departing without any passenger in Terminal 1 at the lowest point. ^[113] This led to a reconsideration of reducing the amount of boarding gates to 18. ^[114]

Stock markets

Taiwan Capitalization Weighted Stock Index has decreased over 13.1% due to the coronavirus. Foreign investors have sold over NT$200 billion. ^[115] TAIEX has also hit a 42-month low, closing at 8,681.34 points. ^[116] National Stabilization Fund decided on 19 March that it is essential to intervene in the stock market. ^[117]

2020 Chinese Professional Baseball League season

On April 12, the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) resumed its 2020 regular-season play before empty stadiums. The league quickly hired English announcers as this proved to be the only professional baseball season being played in the world. James Lin, a representative of CPBL’s international affairs division, said, "It shows that it's possible to contain the situation, and to return to some semblance of normality." ^[118] To protect player health, the league banned the consumption of sunflower seeds and dipping tobacco, as the use of those items require spitting. ^[119]

Evacuation related to the pandemic

See also: Evacuations related to the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic

Departure date	Evacuees	Departure airport	Arrival airport	Notes
3 February 2020	247	Wuhan Tianhe International Airport	Taoyuan International Airport	Charter flight operated by China Eastern Airlines. [120]
21 February 2020	19	Haneda International Airport	Taoyuan International Airport	Evacuated Diamond Princess passengers. [121]
2 March 2020	11	Istanbul Airport	Taoyuan International Airport	After an Israeli passenger on another Turkish Airlines flight tested positive, the airline ran a special flight to take a Taiwanese tour group on the same flight as the confirmed case home. [122]
10, 11 March 2020	361	Wuhan Tianhe International Airport	Taoyuan International Airport	After some conflict between the Chinese and Taiwanese governments, two flights, one operated by China Airlines with 169 evacuees and another by China Eastern Airlines carrying 192, arrived around 23:00 on 10 March and 4:00 on 11 March respectively. [123]
29, 30 March 2020	367	Shanghai Pudong International Airport	Taoyuan International Airport	A flight operated by China Airlines evacuated 153 Taiwanese nationals from Shanghai on 29 March. [124] An additional 214 evacuees were flown to Taiwan on 30 March. [125]
29 March 2020	55 29 34 14 7	Cusco International Airport Lima International Airport	Miami International Airport	The flight, chartered by LATAM Airlines, departed from Cusco, a southeastern city in Peru, with 38 Taiwanese on board, then flew to the capital, Lima, to pick up an additional 17 Taiwanese nationals. Another 84 passengers of four different nationalities—Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, and the U.S.–boarded the aircraft, bringing the total number of passengers to 139. The flight landed in Miami and all passengers were permitted to stay in the city or continue to their own country. [126] [127]
20, 21 April 2020	460	Shanghai Pudong International Airport	Taoyuan International Airport	On 20 April, a chartered China Airlines flight departed Shanghai with 231 Taiwanese passengers aboard. [128] The next day, another chartered flight operated by the same airline evacuated another 229 Taiwanese nationals. [129]
4 May 2020	295	Indira Gandhi International Airport	Taoyuan International Airport	[130]

International responses

Taiwan's early deployment of epidemic control measures and follow-up actions have received international praise and approval. ^[131] On 13 March 2020, the Taiwanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs arranged for the Minister of Health, Chen Shih-chung, to have a meeting with envoys and representatives from various countries, and the epidemic prevention methods were affirmed. ^[132] Taiwan donated a total of 10 million masks with 7 million masks to Europe (Italy, Spain, Germany, France, Belgium, Netherland, Luxembourg, Czech, Poland, United Kingdom, Switzerland) and 2 million masks to United States, and 1 million to diplomatic allies on 1 April 2020. ^{[133] [134]}

Australia

In an interview, medical researcher Ih-Jen Su told Australian media not to trust the accuracy of data from China or the World Health Organisation (WHO). ^[135] He told them that data from WHO lags behind the real situation. ^[136] Journalist Eryk Bradshaw wrote an article about Taiwan entitled: A population the same as Australia's but a fraction of the coronavirus cases. ^[137]

Canada

The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) pointed out several measures that Taiwan has taken to prevent community spread of the coronavirus. It emphasized that Taiwan has used lessons learned during the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak to combat the coronavirus pandemic. ^[138]

Czech Republic

After establishing sister city with the capital city of Taiwan, Taipei, on 13 January 2020, Shanghai announced to end its ties with Prague. ^[139] Later in April, Prague Mayor Zdenek Hrib, a former health policy expert interned at a hospital at Taipei as a student, criticized the Chinese government of manipulating this pandemic to do businesses such as selling medical equipments to Czech instead of donating. ^[140] Too, several countries including Czech Republic had returned test kits and ventilators sold by the Chinese authorities after discovering that they were unusable. ^[141]

Denmark

Former Prime Minister of Denmark, Anders Fogh Rasmussen, wrote an article for Time, supporting Taiwanese participation within international organizations such as the World Health Organization in an effort to prevent deaths. He has compared preventive actions taken by the Taiwanese government and expressed the belief that other nations should have implemented such measures. ^[142]

Germany

German politician Sandra Bubendorfer-Licht described Taiwanese response to the virus as outstanding. ^[143]

Israel

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu indicated that the Israeli government would use Taiwan's experience to fight the epidemic. ^{[144] [145]}

Japan

On 10 March, the Japanese news site Foresight published an article by a freelance journalist named Nojima who is familiar with Taiwan affairs, analyzing Taiwan's policy decisions regarding the epidemic. ^[146] Japanese media also carried out long reports on Chen Shih-chung, Tang Feng and others. Tang Feng received the most attention in Japan. ^[147]

People's Republic of China

Due to the influence of the Chinese (PRC) government, Taiwan has been excluded from the World Health Organization. ^[148] False reports of the outbreak spreading out of control in Southern Taiwan began in early January. ^[149]

New Zealand

On 15 March, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern said New Zealand would follow Taiwan's example in their strategy to fight the epidemic. ^[150] Several news outlets in New Zealand have also mentioned what Taiwan has done to prevent the coronavirus. ^{[151] [152]} TVNZ1 also reported Taiwan in the Saturday 6 pm Headline. ^[153]

South Korea

During late February when South Korea was suffering from its domestic outbreak, the supplies of masks were running out. South Korean news started to emphasize Taiwan's masks policies, including ban on masks exports and masks selling policies, while criticizing the South Korean government for being too slow to react. ^{[154] [155]}

United States

U.S. newspapers and magazines have suggested Taiwan and other Asian nations have done a better job at combating the coronavirus than the U.S., ^{[156] [157]} and mentioned how Taiwan has banned the export of masks and boosted mask production. ^[158]

International status

Dispute over political status

See also: China and the United Nations

International Civil Aviation Organization

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a specialized civil aviation agency of the United Nations, rejected Taiwan's participation amid the novel coronavirus outbreak, which impacted Taiwan's ability to gather information from the international organization. The Republic of China was the founding member of the ICAO until 1971, when its membership was transferred to the PRC despite losing much of its territory in the late stages of the Chinese Civil War.^{[ citation needed ]}

In response to public inquiry on the organization's decision on Twitter, ICAO commented that their action is intended to "defend the integrity of the information". ^[159] The United Nations Secretary General described these inquiries as a misinformation campaign targeting ICAO. ^[160]

World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) have listed Taiwan as part of China, which resulted in multiple countries including Italy, ^[161] Vietnam, ^[162] and the Philippines ^[163] briefly banning flights from Taiwan in January and February 2020, despite the disease not then having reached epidemic status in Taiwan. ^{[164] [165]}

Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Research Center hosted an interactive map which initially listed Taiwan under the category "country/region", along with Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau. On 10 March, Taiwan's name was switched to Taipei and environs, a designation used by the World Health Organization. When a news organization reached out, the associate professor in charge of the project claimed they would be changing it back to Taiwan immediately. ^{[166] [167]} By 12 March, Taiwan was restored to the map, and the university stated that it would adhere to naming conventions developed by the United States Department of State. ^[168]

Although Taiwan is excluded from the World Health Organization due to opposition from China, and thus has limited access to shared scientific information and data, the country's response has been lauded in international press. ^{[169] [170] [11] [158]} Despite its proximity to China and large human flows, Taiwan has recorded the lowest incidence rate per capita – around 1 in every 500,000 people. ^[158] Success factors cited have included the fact that the country's vice president, Chen Chien-jen, is an epidemiologist who had obtained a doctoral degree at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; ^[170] and the lessons learnt from the SARS epidemic in 2003, which hit Taiwan hard. Infrastructure, including the establishment of a national health command center integrating relevant agencies; data analytics; policies aimed at keeping healthcare affordable; and extensive educational outreach were put in place following the SARS outbreak. ^{[169] [170]} Researchers at Stanford Health Policy researcher published an article in the Journal of the American Medical Association arguing that Taiwan's action plan – which included 124 discrete actions and coordination to be implemented in the first instance – including travel bans, quarantines, surveillance steps, social distancing – had saved Taiwan from a serious epidemic. ^[11]

On March 28, Yvonne Tong of the Hong Kong-based news channel The Pulse interviewed Bruce Aylward, assistant director-general of the World Health Organization. During the interview a question relating to Taiwan came up. After initially claiming he had not heard the question and suggesting that Tong move on to a different question, Tong persisted in her questioning. Aylward proceeded to suddenly hang up the call without explanation. Tong called back and repeated her question about Taiwan, after which Aylward said he had “already talked about China” and proceeded to once again end the call. Aylward’s response was met with widespread outrage and mockery, and his biography was subsequently removed from the World Health Organization's website. ^{[171] [172]}

On 9 April, Taiwan demanded an immediate apology from WHO leader Tedros Adhanom for making false accusations about racist remarks, claiming that the Taiwanese government and populace were slandering him based on his Ethiopian ethnicity instead of his response to the virus. The Taiwanese government and online commentators protested this accusation, noting that Taiwan is open and friendly to all races and has historically given African doctors medical training, including Ethiopian doctors. Ethiopian doctors currently resident in Taiwan were interviewed, affirming that Taiwan is not a racist country. ^{[173] [174]}

Cooperation with the United States

See also: Taiwan–United States relations

See also: Cross-Strait relations

On 4 March, the House of Representatives unanimously (415–0) passed a modified version of the TAIPEI Act, with the goal of supporting Taiwan's attempts to join international organizations. On 11 March, the Senate unanimously passed the House's version of the TAIPEI Act. ^[175] On 27 March, U.S. President Donald Trump signed the TAIPEI Act into law. The TAIPEI Act was denounced by the Chinese (PRC) government. ^[176]

On 18 March, the American Institute in Taiwan announced that the United States would cooperate with Taiwan on researching and developing vaccines and rapid tests. ^[177] The United States and Taiwan held an online forum which focused on the participation of Taiwan in the World Health Organization and how to share the success that Taiwan has achieved throughout the pandemic. ^[178] Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Hua Chunying criticized this action as political manipulations. ^[179]

Controversies

Face mask control measures

President Tsai Ing-wen wearing a mask

The Taiwanese government announced the ban on the export of face masks before the epidemic had spread to many countries, which caused controversy; however, after the outbreak of the epidemic, people rushed to buy masks in many countries around the world. ^[180] Incidents of face mask confiscation by the government also occurred in mainland China, the world's top face mask manufacturer. ^{[181] [182]}

In early February 2020, the Executive Yuan adopted the recommendations of professors Huang Li-min (黃立民) and Chang Shang-chwen of the National Taiwan University Medical School, advocating that healthy people do not need to wear masks in open spaces. On 8 February, Chen Shih-chung, commander of the Central Epidemic Prevention Center, further stated that there was no need to wear a mask on public transportation. ^[183] This caused a storm of protest. The main point of contention is that public transportation such as buses and MRT carriages are confined spaces, and viruses are transmitted more easily than in open spaces. ^[184]

In early April, Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wen announced to donate 10 million masks to countries that suffered severely from the coronavirus pandemic. ^[185] In response to the donation, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen wrote in a tweet that the European Union "really appreciate[d] this gesture of solidarity." ^[186] U.S. National Security Council also wrote a tweet thanking Taiwan to "support and collaborate" with the U.S. ^[187] In a press conference on 1 April, Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson Hua Chunying responded to questions about the mask donations advising anyone in Taiwan who would seek to politicize the pandemic to "think twice and act prudently". ^[188]

Gallery

• 
  President Tsai Ing-wen inspects quarantine at Taoyuan International Airport
• 
  Body temperature checkpoint at National Taiwan Normal University
• 
  National Taiwan University only permits students and employees on campus
• 
  ROCS Panshih

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External links

• Twitter追蹤破百萬 小英總統有話要說！A Message from Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wen to the International Community (in English)
• 防疫大作戰團結一心 守護臺灣 Message from Vice President Chen Chien-jen (in Min Nan Chinese)