| Ichnovirus | |
|---|---|
Virus classification  | |
| (unranked): | Viriform |
| Family: | Polydnaviriformidae |
| Genus: | Ichnoviriform |
| Synonyms | |
Ichnoviriform
| |
Ichnovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Polydnaviridae . Parasitoid wasps serve as hosts, and these wasps are themselves parasitoids of Lepidoptera. There are 21 species in this genus. [1] [2]
The genus Ichnovirus contained 21 species in ICTV version 1999a-2020: [3] The genus Ichnoviriform contains 22 species starting ICTV version 2021 [2] The species Ichnoviriform rostralis, previously known as Tranosema rostrale bracovirus was moved to ichnoviriform from bracoviriform (bracovirus) in 2021.
| Species | Previous name, Virus name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|
| Ichnoviriform acronyctae | Diadegma acronyctae ichnovirus | DaIV |
| Ichnoviriform annulipedis | Hyposoter annulipes ichnovirus | HaIV |
| Ichnoviriform aprilis | Campoletis aprilis ichnovirus | CaIV |
| Ichnoviriform arjunae | Casinaria arjuna ichnovirus | CarIV |
| Ichnoviriform benefactoris | Olesicampe benefactor ichnovirus | ObIV |
| Ichnoviriform eribori | Eriborus terebrans ichnovirus | EtIV |
| Ichnoviriform exiguae | Hyposoter exiguae ichnovirus | HeIV |
| Ichnoviriform flavicinctae | Campoletis flavicincta ichnovirus | CfIV |
| Ichnoviriform forcipatae | Casinaria forcipata ichnovirus | CfoIV |
| Ichnoviriform fugitivi | Hyposoter fugitivus ichnovirus | HfIV |
| Ichnoviriform fumiferanae | Glypta fumiferanae ichnovirus | GfIV |
| Ichnoviriform geniculatae | Olesicampe geniculatae ichnovirus | OgIV |
| Ichnoviriform infestae | Casinaria infesta ichnovirus | CiIV |
| Ichnoviriform interrupti | Diadegma interruptum ichnovirus | DiIV |
| Ichnoviriform lymantriae | Hyposoter lymantriae ichnovirus | HlIV |
| Ichnoviriform montani | Enytus montanus ichnovirus | X-2 |
| Ichnoviriform pilosuli | Hyposoter pilosulus ichnovirus | HpIV |
| Ichnoviriform rivalis | Hyposoter rivalis ichnovirus | HrIV |
| Ichnoviriform rostralis | Tranosema rostrale bracovirus | TrBV |
| Ichnoviriform sonorense | Campoletis sonorensis ichnovirus | CsIV |
| Ichnoviriform tenuifemoris | Synetaeris tenuifemur ichnovirus | StIV |
| Ichnoviriform terebrantis | Diadegma terebrans ichnovirus | DtIV |
Viruses in Ichnovirus are enveloped, with prolate ellipsoid and cylindrical geometries. Genomes are circular and segmented, around 6.0-20kb in length. [1]
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ichnovirus | Prolate ellipsoid | Enveloped | Circular | Segmented |
Viral replication is nuclear. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear pore export. Parasitoid wasps in the subfamilies Banchinae and Campopleginae serve as hosts, but these wasps are themselves parasites of lepidoptera. The wasp injects one or more eggs into its host along with a quantity of virus. The virus and wasp are in a symbiotic relationship: expression of viral genes prevents the wasp's host's immune system from killing the wasp's injected egg and causes other physiological alterations that ultimately cause the parasitized host to die. Transmission routes are parental. [1]
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ichnovirus | Parasitoid wasps (Ichneumonidae) | Hemocytes; fat bodies | Unknown | Lysis; budding | Nucleus | Nucleus | Unknown |
Polydnaviriformidae ( PDV) is a family of insect viriforms; members are known as polydnaviruses. There are two genera in the family: Bracoform and Ichnoviriform. Polydnaviruses form a symbiotic relationship with parasitoid wasps. Ichnoviriforms (IV) occur in Ichneumonid wasps and Bracoviriforms (BV) in Braconid wasps. The larvae of wasps in both of those groups are themselves parasitic on Lepidoptera, and the polydnaviruses are important in circumventing the immune response of their parasitized hosts. Little or no sequence homology exists between BV and IV, suggesting that the two genera have been evolving independently for a long time.
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Varicellovirus (var′i-sel′ō-vi′rŭs) is a genus of viruses belonging to subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, a member of family Herpesviridae. Humans and other mammals serve as natural hosts. There are 19 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: HHV-3—chickenpox (varicella) and shingles; BoHV-1—infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV); and SuHV-1 —Aujesky's disease.
Iltovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae, in the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. Birds, galliform birds, psittacine birds, chickens, turkeys, and quail serve as natural hosts. There are only two species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: acute respiratory diseases: gaHV-1: infectious laryngotracheitis; psHV-1: Pacheco's disease.
Lymphocryptovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae, in the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. This genus includes the human-infecting Human gammaherpesvirus 4, as well as viruses that infect both Old World monkeys and New World monkeys. Other names for the Lymphocryptovirus genus include Lymphocryptoviridae and gamma-1 herpesviruses. There are nine species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Nudiviruses are animal viruses that constitute the family Nudiviridae. Insects and marine crustaceans serve as natural hosts. There are 11 species in this family, assigned to 4 genera. Diseases associated with this family include: death in larvae, chronic disease in adults.
Bottigliavirus is the only genus in the family Ampullaviridae and contains 3 species. Ampullaviridae infect archaea of the genus Acidianus. The name of the family and genus is derived from the Latin word for bottle, ampulla, due to the virions having the shape of a bottle. The family was first described during an investigation of the microbial flora of hot springs in Italy.
Proboscivirus is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae, in the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae. Elephants serve as natural hosts. EEHV1 is apathogenic for African elephants but causes fatal haemorrhagic disease in Asian elephants. The name "Proboscivirus" comes from the Greek word προβοσκίς or "proboscis" meaning "the elephant trunk," for which the virus accordingly uses as its means of contraction and transmission to enter the elephant's body.
Bracovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Polydnaviridae. Bracoviruses are an ancient symbiotic virus contained in parasitic braconid wasps that evolved off of the nudivirus about 190 million years ago and has been evolving at least 100 million years. It is one of two genera belonging to the Polydnaviridae family, Ichnovirus being the other genus. There are 32 species in this genus.
Babuvirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Nanoviridae. Musa species serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: stunting, severe necrosis and early plant death. BBTV induces banana bunchy top disease (BBTD).
Cavemovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Caulimoviridae order Ortervirales. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: vein-clearing or banding mosaic.
Ictalurivirus is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Alloherpesviridae. Fish serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: channel catfish disease.
Iotapapillomavirus is a genus of viruses in the family Papillomaviridae. Rodents serve as natural hosts. There are two species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include cutaneous lesions and benign skin tumours, such as papillomas and keratoacanthomas.
Macavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae, in the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. Mammals serve as natural hosts. There are nine species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: inapparent infection in their reservoir hosts, but fatal lymphoproliferative disease when they infect MCF-susceptible hosts, including cattle, deer, bison, water buffalo and pigs.
Percavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae, in the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. Mammals serve as natural hosts. There are six species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: conjunctivitis, immunosuppression in foals, pneumonia, respiratory disease.
Siadenovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Adenoviridae. Vertebrates serve as natural hosts. There are eight species in this genus.
Soymovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Caulimoviridae order Ortervirales. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are four species in this genus.
Batravirus is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Alloherpesviridae. Frogs serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: raHV-1: Lucké tumor.
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