The following ancient Chinese states were parts of the geopolitical milieu during the Zhou dynasty of early China, during one or more of its main chronological subdivisions: the Western Zhou period, Spring and Autumn period, and Warring States period. Listed below are the names of various polities, the aristocratic houses and lineages of their ruling families, locations relative to modern Chinese geography, noble titles of the rulers, start and end years, and conquerors.
| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | 西周 | Ji (姬姓) | Nominal rule over all under Heaven, directly controlling the capital of Fenghao, Zongzhou (present Xi'an, Shaanxi Province), Luoyi, Chengzhou (present Luoyang, Henan Province), and nearby areas. | King (Son of Heaven) | 1046–771 BCE | Shen, Quanrong |
| Eastern Zhou | 東周 | Ji (姬姓) | Nominal rule (loosely) over all under Heaven, in reality only controlling a small area around the capital city of Luoyi (present Luoyang) | King (Son of Heaven) | 770–256 BCE | Qin |
| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qin | 秦國 | Ying (嬴姓) Zhao(趙氏) [1] | South central Shaanxi Province and eastern Gansu Province; later expanded into Sichuan Province, Chongqing, western Henan Province, western Hubei Province, and other areas. Unified in 221 BCE. |
| Approximately 900–206 BCE | Western Chu Hegemon–King Xiang Yu and Emperor Gaozu of Han |
| Wey | 衛國 | Ji (姬姓) Wey (衛氏) | Qi County and Puyang City, Henan Province | Hou, Jun (renamed 330 BCE) | 1040–209 BCE | Qin |
| Yue | 越國 | Si (姒姓) | Zhejiang Province. Became Minzhong Commandery after being conquered by Qin in 222 BCE. Granted kingship over Minyue and Dong'ou after the fall of the Qin Dynasty. | Zi (Self-styled Wang) | c. 20th century BCE–222 BCE | Qin, (Successor states of Minyue and Dong'ou conquered by the Han dynasty) |
| Yan | 燕國 | Ji (姬姓) Yan (燕氏) | Southern Liaoning Province, Beijing City, Tianjin City, northern Hebei Province | Hou, Wang (Self-proclaimed 323 BCE) | 1046–222 BCE | Qin |
| Chu | 楚國 | Mi (芈姓) Xiong (熊氏) | Hubei Province, southern Henan Province, and later parts of Anhui Province, Jiangxi Province, Hunan Province, Jiangsu Province, and Zhejiang Province | Zi, Wang (Self-Proclaimed 704 BCE) | Before 1046 BCE–223 BCE | Qin |
| Lu | 魯國 | Ji (姬姓) Lu (魯氏) | Qufu City, Shandong Province | Hou | 1046–256 BCE | Chu |
| Song | 宋國 | Zi (子姓) Song (宋氏) | Shangqiu City, Tongxu County, Henan Proince | Gong, Wang (Self-Proclaimed 323 BCE) | 1040–286 BCE | Qi, Wei, Chu |
| Jin, originally known as Tang (唐國) | 晉國 | Ji (姬姓) Jin (晉氏) | Shanxi Province, northern Henan Province, eastern Shaanxi Province, western Hebei Province | Hou | 1033–349 BCE | Han, Zhao, Wei |
| Zheng | 鄭國 | Ji (姬姓) Zheng 鄭氏 | Hua County, Shaanxi Province. Later moved to Xinzheng City, Henan Province | Bo | 806–375 BCE | Han |
| Qi, historically known as Jiang Qi | 齊國 | Jiang (姜姓) Lü (吕氏) | Eastern Shandong Province; southern Hebei Province | Hou | 1046–386 BCE | Tian Qi |
| Cai | 蔡國 | Ji (姬姓) Cai (蔡氏) | Xincai County, Henan Province | Hou | 1046–447 BCE | Chu |
| Wu | 吳國 | Ji (姬姓) Gufa (姑发氏) | Jiangsu Province; eastern Anhui Province | Zi (Self-styled Wang) | 1096–473 BCE | Yue |
| Chen | 陳國 | Gui (媯姓) Chen (陳氏) | Huaiyang County, Henan Province | Hou | 1046–478 BCE | Chu |
| Cao | 曹國 | Ji (姬姓) Cao (曹氏) | Southwestern Dingtao County, Shandong Province | Bo | 1046–487 BCE | Song |
| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feng | 酆國 | Ji (姬姓) | Hu County, Shaanxi Province | Hou | 1046–1023 BCE | Zhou dynasty |
| Fan | 樊國 | Ji (姬姓) Fan (樊氏) | Southeastern Chang'an District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. Later moved to Jiyuan City, Henan Province | Bo | Reign of King Xuan–635 BCE | Jin |
| Dan | 單國 | Ji (姬姓) Dan (單氏) | Mei County, Shaanxi Province. Later moved eastward with the Zhou royal family to Southeastern Mengjin County, Henan Province. | Zi | Reign of King Wen–Spring and Autumn Period | Zhou dynasty |
| Shao | 召國 (邵國) | Ji (姬姓) Shao (邵氏) | Southern Qishan County, Shaanxi Province | Gong | 1046 BCE | |
| Liang | 梁國 | Ying (嬴姓) Liang (梁氏) | Weinan City, Shaanxi Province. Later moved to Shanxi Province | Bo | 821–641 BCE | Qin |
| Mao | 毛國 | Ji (姬姓) Mao (毛氏) | Qishan County; Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province. Later moved to Yiyang County, Henan Province | Bo | 1046 BCE | Qin |
| Bi | 畢國 | Ji (姬姓) Bi (畢氏) | Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province | Gong | 1046 BCE | Xirong |
| Jing | 井國 | Jiang (姜姓) Jing (井氏) | Baoji City, Shaanxi Province | Bo | Wey | |
| Zhou | 周國 | Ji (姬姓) Zhou (周氏) | Fengxiang County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province | Gong | 1046 BCE | |
| Wangshu | 王叔國 | Ji (姬姓) | Gong | Reign of King Xiang | ||
| Wen | 溫國 | Ji (己姓) Su (蘇氏) | Southwestern Wen County, Henan Province | Zi | 1046–650 BCE | Beidi |
| Liu | 劉國 | Ji (姬姓) Liu (劉氏) | Southwestern Fengshi Town, Yanshi City, Henan Province | Zi | 712–455 BCE | Zhou dynasty |
| Rong | 榮國 | Ji (姬姓) Rong (榮氏) | Gongyi City, Henan Province | Gong | 1046 BCE | |
| Gan | 甘國 | Ji (姬姓) Gan (甘氏) | Yuanyang County, Henan Province | Gong | Reign of King Xiang | |
| Yin | 尹國 | Ji (姞姓) Yin (尹氏) | Southeastern Xin'an County; northwestern Yiyang County, Henan Province | Gong | 770–513 BCE | Jin |
| Gan | 甘國 | Ji (姬姓) Gan (甘氏) | Hu County, Shaanxi Province | Gong | Reign of King Wu | |
| Yuan | 原國 | Ji (姬姓) Yuan (原氏) | Jiyuan City, Henan Province | Gong | 1046 BCE | Jin |
| Zhan | 詹國 | Ji (姬姓) Zhan (詹氏) | Hou | 827 BCE | Chu | |
| Gong | 鞏國 | Ji (姬姓) Gong (鞏氏) | Xikangdian Village, Xiaoyi Town, Gongyi City, Henan Province | 516 BCE | Jin | |
| Ying | 應國 | Ji (姬姓) Ying (應氏) | Pingdingshan City, Henan Province | Gong | 1046 BCE | Chu |
| Da Luo | 大駱國 | Ying (嬴姓) Zhao (趙氏) | Gong | Xirong |
| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feng | 酆國 | Ji (姬姓) | Hu County, Shaanxi Province | Hou | 1046–1023 BCE | Zhou dynasty |
| Fan | 樊國 | Ji (姬姓) Fan (樊氏) | Initially southeastern Chang'an District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province; later moved to Jiyuan City, Henan Province | Zhong (仲) | ?–635 BCE | Jin |
| Zhou | 周國 | Ji (姬姓) Zhou (周氏) | Fengxiang County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province | Gong | 1046 BCE–? | |
| Shao | 召國 | Ji (姬姓) Shao (召氏) | Southern Qishan County, Shaanxi Province | Gong | 1046 BCE–? | |
| Zhan | 詹國 | Ji (姬姓) Zhan (詹氏) | Unknown, possibly near Chang'an District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province | Bo | 827 BCE–? | |
| Mao | 毛國 | Ji (姬姓) Mao (毛氏) | Qishan County; Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province. Later moved to Yiyang County, Henan Province | Bo | 1046–516 BCE | Qin |
| Bi | 畢國 | Ji (姬姓) Bi (畢氏) | Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province | Gong | 1046 BCE–Early Spring and Autumn Period | Xirong |
| Jing | 井國 | Jiang (姜姓) Jing (井氏) | Baoji City, Shaanxi Province | Bo | ||
| Liang | 梁國 | Ying (嬴姓) Liang (梁氏) | Southern Hancheng City, Shaanxi Province | Bo | 8th century BCE–641 BCE | Qin |
| Northern Rui | 北芮國 | Ji (姬姓) Rui (芮氏) | Liangdai Village, Hancheng City, Shaanxi Province | Bo | 1046 BCE–640 BCE | Qin |
| Southern Rui | 南芮國 | Ji (姬姓) Rui (芮氏) | Chaoyi Town, Dali County, Shaanxi Province | Bo | 806 BCE–? | Qin |
| Xiaoguo | 小虢國 | Ji (姬姓) Guo (虢/郭氏) | Eastern Baoji City, Shaanxi Province | Gong | Early Spring and Autumn Period–687 BCE | Qin |
| Chong | 崇國 | Chong (崇氏) | Eastern Huyi County, Shaanxi Province | |||
| Han | 韓國 | Ji (姬姓) Han (韓氏) | Hancheng City, Shaanxi Province (or Gu'an County, Hebei Province) | Hou | ?–757 BCE | Jin |
| Du | 杜國 | Qi (祁姓) Du (杜氏) | Southeastern Chang'an District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province | Bo | ||
| Hao | 郝國 | Feng (風姓) Hao (郝氏) | Hao Village, Zu'an Town, Hu County, Shaanxi Province (or Hao Township, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province) | 11th century BCE–7th century BCE | Qin | |
| Mixu | 密須國 | Ji (姞姓) | Lingtai County, Gansu Province | c. 21st century–10th century BCE | Zhou dynasty | |
| Li | 驪戎 | Ji (姬姓) [2] | Nan | Jin |
| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Western Guo (Southern Guo) | 西虢國 (南虢國) | Ji (姬姓) | From Northeastern Pinglu County, Shanxi Province and Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, to Lingbao City, Henan Province; Western Tongguan County, Shaanxi Province, to Southern Lushi County, Henan Province | Gong | 1046–655 BCE | Jin |
| Northern Guo (Eastern Guo) | 北虢國 (東虢國) | Ji (姬姓) | Pinglu County, Shanxi Province | Possibly Bo or Hou | Early Spring and Autumn Period–655 BCE | Jin |
| Xun | 荀國 (郇國) | Ji (姬姓) Xun (荀氏) | Northeastern Xinjiang County, Shanxi Province | Hou | 1046 BCE – 7th century BCE | Jin |
| Ji | 冀國 | Qi (祁姓) Ji (冀氏) | Hejin City, Shanxi Province | 1046 BCE–? | Jin | |
| Dong | 董國 | Ji (己姓) Dong (董氏) | Eastern Wenxi County, near Dong Town and Liyuan town, Shanxi Province | Hou | ca. 21st century BCE–ca. 7th century BCE | Jin |
| Jia | 賈國 | Ji (姬姓) Jia (賈氏) | Eastern Xiangfen County, Shanxi Province (or Southwestern Rongcheng County, Hebei Province) | Bo | 11th century BCE–678 BCE | Jin |
| Yang | 楊國 | Ji (姬姓) Yang (楊氏) | Southeastern Hongtong County, Shanxi Province | Hou | 786 BCE–ca. 7th century BCE | Jin |
| Geng | 耿國 | Ji (姬姓) Geng (耿氏) | Hejin City, Shanxi Province | ?–661 BCE | Jin | |
| Wei | 魏國 | Ji (姬姓) Wei (魏氏) | Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province | Hou | ?–661 BCE | Jin |
| Huo | 霍國 | Ji (姬姓)霍氏 | Southwestern Huozhou City, Shanxi Province | Hou | 1046–661 BCE | Jin |
| Yu | 虞國 | Ji (姬姓) Yu (虞氏) | Pinglu County, near Xia County, Shanxi Province | Gong | 1046–655 BCE | Jin |
| Shen | 沈國 | Ji (姬姓) | Along the banks of Fen River in Shanxi Province | Jin | ||
| Si | 姒國 | Ji (姬姓) | Along the banks of Fen River in Shanxi Province | Jin | ||
| Ru | 蓐國 | Ji (姬姓) | Along the banks of Fen River in Shanxi Province | Jin | ||
| Huang | 黃國 | Ji (姬姓) | Along the banks of Fen River in Shanxi Province | Jin | ||
| Peng | 倗國 | Jiang County, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province | Bo | Jin | ||
| Ba | 霸國 | Kui (媿姓) Ba (霸氏) | Yicheng County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province | Bo | Jin | |
| Li | 黎國 | Qi (祁姓) Li (黎氏) | Northeastern Licheng County, Shanxi Province | Hou | ? –604 BCE | Lushi |
| Dai | 代國 | Zi (子姓) | Northeastern Shanxi Province | Zhao |
| Name of State | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhu (Zhuqi, Qi) | 祝國 (祝其國、其國) | Ji (姬姓) Zhu (祝氏) | Northeastern Changqing District, Jinan City, Shandong Province | 1046–768 BCE | Qi | |
| Nie | 聶國 | Jiang (姜姓) Nie (聶氏) | Chiping District, Shandong Province | |||
| Ji | 紀國 | Jiang (姜姓) Ji (紀氏) | Southern Shouguang City, Shandong Province | Hou | Shang Era–690 BCE | Qi |
| Yu | 鄅國 | Yun (妘姓) Yu (禹氏) | Lanling County, Linyi City, near Yinan County, Shandong Province | Zi | Lu | |
| Zhu (Zou, Zhulou) | 邾國 (鄒國、邾婁國) | Cao (曹姓) Zhu (朱氏) | Zoucheng City, Shandong Province | Zi | 1046–281 BCE | Chu |
| Ju | 莒國 | Ji or Ying (己/嬴姓) Ju (莒氏) | Jiaozhou City; Ju County, Shandong Province | Zi | 1046–431 BCE | Chu |
| Xiang | 向國 | Jiang (姜姓) Xiang (向氏) | Southwestern Ju County, Shandong Province | Zi | ?–721 BCE | Ju |
| Ji | 極國 (遽國) | Ji (姬姓) Ji (遽氏) | Southern Jinxiang County, Shandong Province | ?–721 BCE | Lu | |
| Shi | 邿國 (詩國、寺國) | Ren (妊姓) | Southeastern Jining City, Shandong Province | ?–560 BCE | Lu | |
| Teng | 滕國 | Ji (姬姓) Teng (滕氏) | Tengzhou City, Shandong Province | Hou, or Zi | 1046 BCE–297 BCE | Song |
| Xue | 薛國 | Ren (任姓) Xue (薛氏) | Tengzhou City, Shandong Province | Hou, Bo | Xia Era–298 BCE | Qi, Wei |
| Ni (Xiao Zhu / Xiao Zhulou) | 郳國 (小邾國、小邾婁國) | Cao (曹姓) Ni or Yan (倪/颜氏) | Eastern Tengzhou City, Shandong Province | Zi | c. 20th century BCE (653 BCE as Xiao Zhu)–325 BCE | Chu |
| Lan | 濫國 | Cao (曹姓) | Yangzhuang Town, Tengzhou City, Shandong Province | 643 BCE–510 BCE | Lu | |
| Tan | 郯國 | Ji (己姓) | Southwestern Tancheng County, Shandong Province | Zi | ?–414 BCE | Chu (or Yue) |
| Zhuan | 鄟國 | Northeastern Tancheng County, Shandong Province | ?–585 BCE | Lu | ||
| Cheng | 郕國 (成國、宬國) | Ji (姬姓) Cheng (成氏) | Northern Wenshang County, Shandong Province | Bo | 1046 BCE–408 BCE | Qi, Lu (or Chu) |
| Su | 宿國 | Feng (風姓) Su (宿氏) | Southwestern Dongping County, Shandong Province | Nan | 1046 BCE–684 BCE | Song |
| Tan | 譚國 | Si (姒姓) Tan (譚氏) | Jinan City, Shandong Province | Zi | 1046 BCE–684 BCE | Qi |
| Sui | 遂國 | Gui (媯姓) | Northwestern Ningyang County, Shandong Province | Xia Era–681 BCE | Qi | |
| Xuju | 須句國 | Feng (風姓) | Western Dongping County, Shandong Province | Zi | ?–639 BCE | Zhu |
| Zeng | 鄫國（繒國） | Si (姒姓) Zeng (曾氏) | Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province | Zi | Xia Era–567 BCE | Ju |
| Zhang | 鄣國 | Jiang (姜姓) Zhang (章氏) | Pingyin County, Shandong Province | ?–664 BCE | Qi | |
| Chunyu (Zhou) | 淳于國 (州國) | Jiang (姜姓) Chunyu (淳于氏) | Northeastern Anqiu City, Shandong Province | Gong | 1046 BCE–? | Qi (杞國) |
| Gao | 郜國 | Ji (姬姓) Gao (郜氏) | Southeastern Chengwu County, Shandong Province | Zi | 1046 BCE–Early Spring and Autumn Period | Song |
| Mao | 茅國 | Ji (姬姓) Mao (茅氏) | Jinxiang County, Shandong Province | Bo | 1046 BCE–? | Zhu |
| Ren | 任國 | Feng (風姓) Ren (任氏) | Jining City, Shandong Province | Qi | ||
| Pi | 邳國 | Ren (任姓) Xue (薛氏) | Southern Tengzhou City, Shandong Province; Northeastern Pizhou City, Jiangsu Province | Bo, Hou | Xia Era–? | Chu |
| Mou | 牟國 | Mou (牟氏) | Laiwu City, Shandong Province | Zi | Lu | |
| Genmou | 根牟國 | Jiang (姜姓) | Lingquan Town, Junan County, Shandong Province | 1046–600 BCE | Lu | |
| Yu Yuqiu (Yu Qiu) | 於餘邱國 (餘邱國) | Linshu County, Shandong Province | ||||
| Biyang (Fuyang) | 偪陽國 (傅陽國) | Yun (妘姓) | Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province | Zi | ?–563 BCE | Jin, Lu, Qi, Song, Wey, Cao |
| Guo | 郭國 | Ren (任姓) Guo (郭氏) | Northeastern Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province | Bo (Demoted to Zi under the Shang Dynasty) | ?–670 BCE | Qi |
| Zhuanyu | 顓臾國 | Feng (風姓) | Pingyi County, Shandong Province | [ citation needed ] | Qin | |
| Zhu | 鑄國 | Qi (祁姓) | Feicheng City, bordering Ningyang County, Shandong Province | Qi | ||
| Yang | 陽國 | Ji (姬姓) Yang (陽氏) | Yishui County, Shandong Province | Hou | ?–660 BCE | Qi |
| Fei | 費國 | Ji (季姓) Fei (費氏) | Cao County, Shandong Province | Chu | ||
| Zhu | 諸國 | Si or Peng (姒/彭姓) Zhu (諸氏) | Zhucheng City; Anqiu City, Shandong Province | |||
| Jie (Yi) | 介國 (夷國) | Yun (妘姓) | Qingdao City, Shandong Province | Huang | ||
| Kan | 闞國 | Kan (闞氏) | Northern Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province | |||
| Guo | 過國 | Ren (任姓) Han (寒氏) | Laizhou City, Yantai City, Shandong Province | Xia Era–? | ||
| Lai (Laiyi) | 萊國 (萊夷國) | Southeastern Longkou City, Shandong Province | Hou, Gong | ?–567 BCE | Qi | |
| Rong | 戎國 | Cao County, Shandong Province | Qi | |||
| Mie | 蔑國 | Sishui County, Shandong Province | Lu |
| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yu | 魷國 (魚國) | Er | Yufu (now Baidicheng) | Bo | ?–612 BCE | Chu |
| Ba | 巴國 | Ji (姬姓) | Chongqing and part of eastern Sichuan Province | Zi | 1046–316 BCE | Qin |
| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shu | 蜀國 | Du (杜姓) Kaiming (开明氏) | Sichuan Province | Non–Zhou kingdom coinciding with this period. Monarchs bearing the title of emperor. | ?–316 BCE | Qin |
| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shen | 沈國 | Ji (姬姓) Shen (沈氏) | Pingyu County, Henan Province; Gucheng Village, Sheqiao Town, Linquan County, Anhui Province | Zi | 1040–506 BCE | Cai |
| Liu (Lu) | 六國 (錄國) | Yan (偃姓) | Northern Lu'an City, Anhui Province | Bo | 1046–622 BCE | Chu |
| Ying | 英國 | Yan (偃姓) Ying (英氏) | Lu'an City, Anhui Province | 1046–646 BCE | Chu | |
| Tong | 桐國 | Yan (偃姓) | Tongcheng City, Anhui Province | Chu | ||
| Yang | 養國 | Ying (嬴姓) | Yangqiao Town, Linquan County, Anhui Province | Bo | ? –528 BCE | Chu |
| Xiao | 蕭國 | Zi (子姓) Xiao (蕭氏) | Northwestern Xiao County, Anhui Province | Hou | ?–579 BCE | Chu |
| Shu | 舒國 | Yan (偃姓) Shu (舒氏) | Shucheng County, Anhui Province | Zi | 1046–657 BCE | Xu |
| Shuyong | 舒庸國 | Yan (偃姓) | Shucheng County, Anhui Province | 1046–574 BCE | Chu | |
| Shujiu | 舒鳩國 | Yan (偃姓) | Shucheng County, Anhui Province | 1046–548 BCE | Chu | |
| Shuliao (Liao) | 舒蓼國 (蓼國) | Yan (偃姓) | Gushi County, Henan Province; Huoqiu County, Anhui Province | 1046–601 BCE | Chu | |
| Shulong | 舒龍國 | Yan (偃姓) | 1046 BCE– | Chu | ||
| Shugong | 舒龔國 | Yan (偃姓) | 1046 BCE– | Chu | ||
| Shubao | 舒鮑國 | Yan (偃姓) | 1046 BCE– | Chu | ||
| Zong | 宗國 | Yan (偃姓) Zong (宗氏) | Shucheng County, Lujiang County, Anhui Province | Chu | ||
| Chao | 巢國 | Yan (偃姓) Chao (巢氏) | Chaohu City, Anhui Province | Bo | ? –518 BCE | Wu |
| Wan | 皖國 | Yan or Xia (偃/夏姓) | Qianshan City, Anhui Province | Bo | 1046 BCE–? | Chu |
| Lu | 廬國 | Hefei City, Anhui Province | Zi | 1046 BCE–? | Chu | |
| Zhongli | 鍾離國 | Ying (嬴姓) Zhongli (鍾離氏) | Fengyang County, Anhui Province | Zi | Chu | |
| Zhoulai | 州來國 | Fengtai County, Anhui Province | Chu | |||
| Nanhu | 南胡國 | Gui (媯姓) Hu (胡氏) | Fuyang City, Anhui Province | Zi | ? –496 BCE | Chu |
| Yuezhang | 越章國 | Mi (羋姓) Xiong (熊氏) | Yi'an District, Tongling City, Anhui Province | Zi | 880 BCE–? |
| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Han | 邗國 | Southeastern Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province | 1046 BCE–? | |||
| Zhongwu | 鍾吾國 | Suqian City, Jiangsu Province | Zi | ?–518 BCE | Wu | |
| Peng | 彭國 | Peng (彭氏) | Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province | |||
| Xu | 徐國 | Ying (嬴姓) Xu (徐氏) | Tancheng County, Shandong Province; Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province | Hou, Zi (Self-styled Wang) | ?–512 BCE | Wu |
| Yan | 奄國 | Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province | Early Spring and Autumn Period–? | Wu |
| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fei | 肥國 | Gaocheng District, Hebei Province | ?–530 BCE | Jin | ||
| Gu | 鼓國 | Ji (姬姓) | Western Jinzhou City, Hebei Province | ?–521 BCE | Jin | |
| 邢國 | Ji (姬姓) | Xingtai City, Hebei Province | Hou | 1040–635 BCE | Wey, Jin | |
| Dai | 代國 | Zi (子姓) | Northwest Hebei Province | Zhao |
| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guzhu | 孤竹國 | Zi (子姓) Motai (墨胎氏) | Southwestern Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province | Hou | Start of the Shang Dynasty–664 BCE | Yan, Qi |
| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ji (Gija Joseon) | 箕國 (箕氏朝鮮) | Zi (子姓) | Northern Korean Peninsula | Hou | Start of the Zhou Dynasty–Start of the Han Dynasty | Wiman Joseon |
| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xianyu | 鮮虞國 | Ji (姬姓) | ?–506 BCE (Restored as Zhongshan) | Jin | ||
| Yiqu | 義渠國 | Yiqu (義渠) | Shang Era–272 BCE | Qin | ||
| Yanjing Rong | 燕京戎 | Jingle County, Qi County, Jiexiu City, Shanxi Province | Zhou dynasty | |||
| Mianzhu | 綿諸國 | Qin | ||||
| Shanrong | 山戎 | Qi | ||||
| Luhun Rong | 陸渾戎 | ? –525 BCE | Jin | |||
| Yiluo Rong | 伊洛戎 | Han, Wei | ||||
| Quanrong [3] | 犬戎 | Qin | ||||
| Xirong | 西戎 | Qin | ||||
| Rongman (Manshi) | 戎蠻（蠻氏、曼氏） | Southeastern Ruyang County, Southwestern Ruzhou County, Henan Province | Zi | ?–491 BCE | Chu | |
| Baidi | 白狄 | Ji (姬姓) | Jin | |||
| Chidi | 赤狄 | Jin | ||||
| Changdi | 長狄 | Qi (漆姓) | Jin | |||
| Chou You | 仇由 | ?–5th century BCE | Jin | |||
| Jiashi | 甲氏 | Kui (媿姓) | ?–593 BCE | Jin | ||
| Duo Chen | 鐸辰 | Kui (媿姓) | ?–593 BCE | Jin | ||
| Liuxu | 留吁 | Kui (媿姓) | ?–593 BCE | Jin | ||
| Qiang Gao Ru | 嗇咎如 | Kui (媿姓) | ?–588 BCE | Jin | ||
| Lushi (Dongshan Gaoluo clan) | 潞氏（東山皋落氏） | Kui (媿姓) | Northeastern Lucheng District, Shanxi Province | Zi | 604 BCE–594 BCE | Jin |
| Maorong | 茅戎 | Jin | ||||
| Souman | 鄋瞞 | ?–594 BCE | Jin | |||
| Wuzhong | 無終國 | Qi | ||||
| Lingzhi | 令支國 | Yan |
| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qin | 秦國 | Ying (嬴姓) Zhao(趙氏) [1] | Central and southern Shaanxi Province, eastern Gansu Province, Sichuan Province, Chongqing City, western Henan Province, western Hubei Province. Unified China in 221 BCE. |
| 770–206 BCE | Western Chu |
| Yan | 燕國 | Ji (姬姓) Yan (燕氏) | Southern Liaoning Province, Beijing City, Tianjin City, northern Hebei Province | Hou, Wang (Self-Proclaimed, 323 BCE) | 1046–221 BCE | Qin |
| Chu | 楚國 | Mi (芈姓) Xiong (熊氏) | Hubei Province, northern Hunan Province, western Anhui Province, western Jiangxi Province, southern Henan Province; later expanded to Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province | Zi, Wang (Self-proclaimed, 704 BCE) | Before 1046 BCE–223 BCE | Qin |
| Zhao | 趙國 | Ying (嬴姓) Zhao (趙氏) [1] [4] | Western Hebei Province, northern Shanxi Province, and southern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region | Hou, Wang (Self-proclaimed, 296 BCE) | 403–222 BCE | Qin |
| Wei | 魏國 | Ji (姬姓) Wei (魏氏) | Southern Shanxi Province, northern Henan Province, eastern Shaanxi Province, and parts of Hebei Province | Hou, Wang (Self-proclaimed, 344 BCE) | 403–225 BCE | Qin |
| Han | 韓國 | Ji (姬姓) Han (韓氏) | Henan Province | Hou, Wang (Self-proclaimed, 324 BCE) | 403–230 BCE | Qin |
| Qi, historically known as Tian Qi | 齊國 | Gui (媯姓) Tian (田氏) | Eastern Shandong Province; southern Hebei Province | Hou, Wang (Self-proclaimed, 334 BCE) | 386–221 BCE | Qin |
| Name of state | Hanzi | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eastern Zhou | 東周國 | Ji (姬姓) | Southwestern Gongyi City, Henan Province | Jun (君) | 367–249 BCE | Qin |
| Western Zhou | 西周國 | Ji (姬姓) | Luoyang City, Henan Province | Jun (君) | 440–2566 BCE | Qin |
| Qi, historically known as Jiang Qi | 齊國 | Jiang (姜姓) Lü (吕氏) | Eastern Shandong Province, Southern Hebei Province | Hou | 1046–379 BCE | Tian Clan |
| Lu | 魯國 | Ji (姬姓) Lu (魯氏) | Qufu City, Shandong Province | Hou | 1046–256 BCE | Chu |
| Cai | 蔡國 | Ji (姬姓) Cai (蔡氏) | Xincai County; Shangcai County, Henan Province | Hou | 1046–447 BCE | Chu |
| Wey | 衞國 | Ji (姬姓)Wey (衞氏) | Qi County; Puyang City, Henan Province | Hou, Jun (After 330 BCE) | 1040–209 BCE | Qin |
| Song | 宋國 | Zi (子姓) Song (宋氏), Zi (子姓) Dai (戴氏) | Shangqiu City; Tongxu County, Henan Province | Gong, Wang (Self-proclaimed 323 BCE) | 1040–286 BCE | Qi, Wei, Chu |
| Jin | 晉國 | Ji (姬姓) Jin (晉氏) | Shanxi Province, Northern Henan Province, Eastern Shaanxi Province, Eastern Hebei Province | Hou | 1033–349 BCE | Han, Zhao, Wei (Partition of Jin) |
| Yue | 越國 | Si (姒姓) | Zhejiang Province, formerly reached southern Shandong Province and northern Fujian Province | Zi, Wang (Self-styled) | 2032–222 BCE | Qin |
| Zheng | 鄭國 | Ji (姬姓) Zheng 鄭氏 | Xinzheng City, Henan Province | Bo | 806–375 BCE | Han |
| Qi | 杞國 | Si (姒姓) Qi (杞氏) | Qi County, Kaifeng City, Henan Province | Bo | 1046–445 BCE | Chu |
| Zhu (Zou) | 邾國（鄒國） | Cao (曹姓) Zhu (朱氏) | Zoucheng City, Shandong Province | Zi | 1046–281 BCE | Chu |
| Xue | 薛國 | Ren (任姓) Xue (薛氏) | Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province | Hou | Xia Era–298 BCE | Qi, Wei |
| Ni (Xiao Zhu / Xiao Zhulou) | 郳國 (小邾國, 小邾婁國) | Cao (曹姓) Ni or Yan (倪/颜氏) | Eastern Tengzhou City, Shandong Province | Zi | c. 8th century BCE (653 BCE as Xiao Zhu)–325 BCE | Chu |
| Teng | 滕國 | Ji (姬姓) Teng (滕氏) | Tengzhou City, Shandong Province | Hou or Zi | 1046–297 BCE | Song |
| Ju | 莒國 | Ji or Ying (己/嬴姓) Ju (莒氏) | Ju County, Shandong Province | Zi | 1046–431 BCE | Chu |
| Ren | 任國 | Feng (風姓) Ren (任氏) | Jining City, Shandong Province | Lu | ||
| Tan | 郯國 | Ji (己姓) | Southwestern Tancheng County, Shandong Province | Zi | ?–414 BCE | Chu (or Yue) |
| Fei | 費國 | Ji (季姓) Fei (費氏) | Fei County, Shandong Province | Lu | ||
| Pi | 邳國 | Ren (任姓) Xue (薛氏) | Pizhou City, Jiangsu Province | Xia Era–? | Chu | |
| Zhongshan | 中山國 | Ji (姬姓) | Eastern foothills of the Taihang Mountains, Central Hebei Province | Wang (Self-Proclaimed, 323 BCE) | ?–296 BCE | Wei, Zhao |
| Shu | 蜀國 | Du (杜姓) Kaiming (开明氏) | Central Sichuan Province | Non-Zhou kingdom coinciding with this period. Later monarchs bore the title of Di, emperor, (帝). | ?–316 BCE | Qin |
| Ba | 巴國 | Ji (姬姓) | Chongqing City and parts of eastern Sichuan Province | Zi | ?–316 BCE | Qin |
| Ju | 苴國 | Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province | Hou (Title granted by Shu) | 368 BCE–316 BCE | Qin | |
| Anling | 安陵國 | Ji (姬姓) | Northwestern Yanling County, Henan Province | Jun (君) | Qin | |
| Fulou | 縛婁國 | Huizhou City, Guangdong Province | Qin? | |||
| Yangyu | 陽禺國 | Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province | Qin? |
Ma Chao (176–222), courtesy name Mengqi, was a Chinese military general and warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty and early Three Kingdoms period of China. A descendant of the general Ma Yuan, Ma Chao was the eldest son of Ma Teng, a prominent warlord in Liang Province. In 211, he formed a coalition with Han Sui and other northwestern warlords and revolted against the Han central government, which was led by the warlord Cao Cao. The coalition broke up after losing the Battle of Tong Pass against Cao Cao's forces. Ma Chao initially retreated, but later returned to attack and seize control of Liang Province by killing the provincial inspector Wei Kang and forcing Wei Kang's subordinates to submit to him. About a year after Ma Chao started his uprising, Emperor Xian issued an imperial decree ordering the execution of Ma Chao's family members, who were in Ye city at the time. In the meantime, Wei Kang's subordinates, led by Zhao Ang, Yang Fu and others, rebelled against Ma Chao and forced him out of Liang Province. Ma Chao retreated to Hanzhong Commandery, where he borrowed troops from the warlord Zhang Lu, and returned to attack Liang Province but was ultimately defeated and driven back. Ma Chao took shelter under Zhang Lu for a while until around 214, when he heard that the warlord Liu Bei was fighting for control over Yi Province with Yi Province's governor, Liu Zhang. He defected to Liu Bei's side and assisted Liu Bei in capturing Yi Province from Liu Zhang. Ma Chao had served as a general under Liu Bei since then and participated in the Hanzhong Campaign in 219. He died in 222.
The Yellow Turban Rebellion, alternatively translated as the Yellow Scarves Rebellion, was a peasant revolt during the late Eastern Han dynasty of ancient China. The uprising broke out in 184 CE, during the reign of Emperor Ling. Although the main rebellion was suppressed by 185 CE, it took 21 years for full suppression of resistant areas and emerging rebellions by 205 CE. The weakening of the imperial court and the rising political influence of ultra-autonomous regional military-governors, who helped suppress the rebellion, eventually led to rampant warlord dominance and the resultant Three Kingdoms period.
Taishi Ci (166–206), courtesy name Ziyi, was a Chinese military general who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He had served as a minor Han official, before eventually coming to serve warlords Liu Yao, Sun Ce, and Sun Ce's successor Sun Quan.
Ying Ziying, also known as Ziying, King of Qin, was the third and last ruler of the Qin dynasty of China. He ruled over a fragmented Qin Empire for 46 days, from mid-October to early December 207 BC. Unlike his predecessor, he ruled as a king instead of emperor. He is referred to in some sources with the posthumous name Emperor Shang of Qin (秦殤帝) although the Qin dynasty had abolished the tradition of according posthumous names to deceased monarchs.
Gun, also known as Count of Chong, is a figure in Chinese mythology, sometimes noted as the father of Yu the Great, the founder of the Xia dynasty. Gun was appointed to the task of controlling the Great Flood by Emperor Yao on the advice of the Four Mountains. Gun used dykes to try to stop the flooding but the dykes collapsed, killing many people.
Meng Yi was a Chinese military general and politician. As an official of the Qin dynasty, he served in the court of Qin Shi Huang. He was a younger brother of the general Meng Tian. After Qin Shi Huang's death, Meng Yi and his brother were executed by Qin Er Shi on the urging of Zhao Gao.
The Jingnan campaign, or Jingnan rebellion, was a three-year civil war from 1399 to 1402 in the early years of the Ming dynasty of China. It occurred between two descendants of the Ming dynasty's founder Zhu Yuanzhang: his grandson Zhu Yunwen by his first son, and Zhu Yuanzhang's fourth son Zhu Di, Prince of Yan. Though Zhu Yunwen had been the chosen crown prince of Zhu Yuanzhang and been made emperor upon the death of his grandfather in 1398, friction began immediately after Yuanzhang's death. Zhu Yunwen began arresting Zhu Yuanzhang's other sons immediately, seeking to decrease their threat. But within a year open military conflict began, and the war continued until the forces of the Prince of Yan captured the imperial capital Nanjing. The fall of Nanjing was followed by the demise of the Jianwen Emperor, Zhu Yunwen. Zhu Di was then crowned the Ming Dynasty's third emperor, the Yongle Emperor.
Sima Fang (149–219), courtesy name Jiangong or Wenyu, was an official who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty of China. Through his second son Sima Yi, he was an ancestor of the ruling Sima clan of the Jin dynasty (266–420) of China.
This article contains the family trees of members of the Sun clan, who ruled the state of Eastern Wu (229–280), in the Three Kingdoms period (220–280), in China.
This article contains the family trees of members of the Liu clan, who ruled the state of Shu Han (221-263) in the Three Kingdoms period (220-280) in China. They were related to the House of Liu, the imperial clan of the Han dynasty.
This article contains the family trees of members of the Cao clan, who ruled the state of Cao Wei (220–265) in the Three Kingdoms period (220–280) in China. Only Cao Cao's lineage is shown in this article. The lineages of his relatives, such as Cao Ren, Cao Zhen and others, are not included here.
Sima Yi (179–251) was a general, politician and regent of the state of Cao Wei (220–266) in the Three Kingdoms period (220–280) in China. Two of his sons, Sima Shi (208–255) and Sima Zhao (211–265), rose to power in the 250s and consecutively served as regents throughout the reigns of the last three Wei emperors. After Sima Zhao died in September 265, his son Sima Yan (236–290) forced the last Wei ruler, Cao Huan (246–303), to abdicate the throne in his favour in February 266, ending the Wei regime and establishing the Jin dynasty (266–420). This article contains the family trees of Sima Yi, his brothers, and their descendants up to Sima Yan's generation. For more details on the family trees of the Jin emperors, see Chinese emperors family tree (early)#Jin Dynasty and Chu.
The Battle of Handan began in 259 BC and concluded in 257 BC, during which the garrison of Handan, the capital city of Zhao, joined by the allied force of Wei and Chu, defeated the invading army of Qin. It was one of the most remarkable failures of the Qin army after the Reform of Shang Yang.
Yao Xiang (331?–357), courtesy name Jingguo, posthumously honored Prince Wu of Wei, was an ethnic Qiang warlord during the Sixteen Kingdoms and Jin dynasty (266–420) in Chinese history. He was the fifth son and heir of the Later Zhao general Yao Yizhong. After the destruction of Zhao and the death of Yizhong in 352, he went south to serve under the Jin dynasty. However, due to animosity between him and the Jin commander, Yin Hao, he broke away and roved the Central Plains to establish a base while fighting against Jin and the Former Qin. Although he suffered major losses from time to time, his charismatic personality allowed him to win and keep the support of the people wherever he went. In the end, he was killed in an ambush in 357 while fighting Qin forces at Sanyuan. After his death, his brother, Yao Chang, surrendered to Qin and became one of its generals. In 384, he rebelled and established the Later Qin, posthumously honouring Yao Xiang as a prince in the process.
Deng Qiang was a Chinese military general of the Former Qin dynasty during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. He came to prominence during the reign of Fu Sheng when he helped defeat and kill the Qiang warlord Yao Xiang, but for most of his career he would serve Sheng's successor, Fu Jian. He was a leading figure in the rise of Former Qin, along with Wang Meng, as he led Fu Jian's army to victory against Zhang Ping and Former Yan. He stamped out corruption in the government and put down the rebellions of Fu Jian's relatives and Zhang Yu (張育). He and his peer Zhang Ci were known as the "Enemies of Ten Thousands (萬人敵)", a title previously held by the generals Guan Yu and Zhang Fei during the end of the Han dynasty.
Yang Ding was a ruler of Chouchi and a military general of Former Qin during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. His family was a part of the Yang clan that ruled Chouchi but fled to Former Qin after they failed to usurp their relatives' throne. Yang Ding became the son-in-law of Qin's ruler, Fu Jian, and after the Battle of Feishui, he became one of the state's most powerful supporters up to its destruction in 394. However, he also took advantage of Qin's period of weakness by restoring the Chouchi state in 385, which had been conquered by Qin in 371. His reign is seen as the start of Later Chouchi (後仇池).
Chen An, courtesy name Huhou, was a Chinese military general and warlord of the Jin dynasty (266–420) and Han-Zhao during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. During the aftermath of the Disaster of Yongjia in northern China, Chen An became a favored general of the Jin prince Sima Bao in Qinzhou, but an assassination attempt on him made by one of Bao's subordinates in 315 prompted him to declare independence in Longcheng. He submitted to the Zhao state in 319 but then rebelled in 322, declaring himself the King of Liang. His reign was short-lived, as he was defeated and executed by Zhao forces the following year.
Yang Nandi was a ruler of Chouchi during the Jin dynasty (266–420) and Sixteen Kingdoms period. He was the son of Yang Maosou who founded Chouchi in 296. During his reign, attacks on Chouchi by Former Zhao and Cheng-Han became more frequent. Nandi met these with mixed results, sometimes having to resort to vassalage, but was ultimately successful in preserving the survival of Chouchi.
Li Mi (224–287), courtesy name Lingbo, was an official and scholar of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. After the fall of Shu in 263, he continued serving under the Jin dynasty, that succeeded Cao Wei state in 266.
