Open access to scholarly communication in Italy has grown since the early 2000s. [1] During an academic conference in Messina in November 2004, Italian universities joined the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities, in Italy thereafter known as the "Declaration of Messina". [2]
Francesco de Sanctis was a leading Italian literary critic and scholar of Italian language and literature during the 19th century.
Paolo Gorini was an Italian mathematician, professor, scientist, and politician renowned as a pioneer of cremation in Europe, primarily in the United Kingdom.
Giorgio Bàrberi Squarotti was an Italian academic, literary critic and poet. He taught at the University of Turin from 1967 until his death in 2017. He was considered to be one of the most important literary critics of his time.
Virgilio Tosi is an Italian documentary filmmaker and historian of early film.
Michelangelo Tilli or Michele Angelo Tilli was an Italian physician and botanist, noted for his publication of Catalogus Plantarum Horti Pisani.
The Ministry of Education, University and Research is the ministry of the Italian government for the national education system, the Italian universities and research agencies. The current Italian Minister of Public Education is Giuseppe Valditara and the Italian Minister of University and Research is Maria Cristina Messa.
OPAR L'Orientale Open Archive is the institutional repository of the University of Naples "L'Orientale", designed according to the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in Science and Humanities and the Messina Declaration ratified by CRUI in 2004. OPAR L'Orientale Open Archive is a digital repository, accessible to all. Registered users can deposit different items: articles, technical reports, Ph.D. theses, books, working papers and preprints, articles already appeared in journals, conference papers and chapters from books already published, training aid, dataset and more.
Giulio Giorello was an Italian philosopher, mathematician, and epistemologist.
The Consorzio ICoN is an interuniversity consortium for Italian Studies established in 1999. It consists of 21 Italian universities and focuses on philology and cultural studies. The consortium is based and administrated at the University of Pisa and is supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research. It aims at diffusing Italian language, culture and literature.
Pasquale Orsini is an Italian palaeographer, librarian, and Professor from Università di Catania-Siracusa.
The Alfa Romeo Mille is an eight-ton forward control lorry produced by Alfa Romeo between 1958 and 1964. It was the last Alfa Romeo heavy commercial vehicle.
Edoardo Zavattari was an Italian zoologist who was a director at the Institute of Zoology in the Sapienza University of Rome from 1935 to 1953. He supported fascism and anti-semitism on the basis of his ideas from biology and was a signatory to the "Manifesto della Razza".
Amedeo Benedetti was an Italian scholar and writer.
Giuliana Luigia Evelina Mameli, was an Italian botanist, and naturalist.
In Belgium, open access to scholarly communication accelerated after 2007 when the University of Liège adopted its first open-access mandate. The "Brussels Declaration" for open access was signed by officials in 2012.
Open access scholarly communication of Norway can be searched via the Norwegian Open Research Archive (NORA). "A national repository consortium, BIBSYS Brage, operates shared electronic publishing system on behalf of 56 institutions." Cappelen Damm Akademisk, Nordic Open Access Scholarly Publishing, University of Tromsø, and Universitetsforlaget belong to the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association. Norwegian signatories to the international "Open Access 2020" campaign, launched in 2016, include CRIStin, Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi, Norwegian Institute of Palaeography and Historical Philology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, University of Tromsø, University of Bergen, University of Oslo, and Wikimedia Norge.
Open access scholarly communication of Greece is preserved in repositories maintained by several academic institutions.
The Conferenza dei Rettori delle Università Italiane is an association of public and private universities in Italy. It began in 1963 as a private organization, later becoming an official advisor to the government. The supporting Fondazione CRUI (foundation) formed in 2001. CRUI operates from headquarters at the Piazza Rondanini in the Sant'Eustachio rione of Rome.
The National Library Service of Italy is a Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities promoted network of Italian libraries, in collaboration with Regions and Universities, and coordinated by the Central Institute for the Union Catalogue of Italian Libraries and Bibliographic Information.
Maria Cristina Messa is an Italian doctor and academic, Minister of University and Research in the government of Mario Draghi.
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