List of Italian inventions and discoveries

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Leonardo wrote aerodynamic studies in a notebook eventually titled ''Codex on the Flight of Birds''. Leonardo da Vinci - Codex on the flight of birds - WGA12847.jpg
Leonardo wrote aerodynamic studies in a notebook eventually titled '' Codex on the Flight of Birds ''.
The Barsanti-Matteucci engine, the first proper internal combustion engine Motore a combustione interna Barsanti - Matteucci - Museo scienza tecnologia Milano 08149 2012.jpg
The Barsanti-Matteucci engine, the first proper internal combustion engine
The voltaic pile presented by Alessandro Volta to Napoleone Bonaparte Alessandro Volta presente sa pile electrique a Napoleon en 1801.jpg
The voltaic pile presented by Alessandro Volta to Napoleone Bonaparte
Alessandro Cruto, creator of the first practical long-lasting incandescent light bulb Alessandro Cruto Museo Scienza e Tecnologia Milano.tif
Alessandro Cruto, creator of the first practical long-lasting incandescent light bulb

Italian inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques invented, innovated or discovered, partially or entirely, by Italians.

Contents

Italian people – living in the Italic peninsula or abroad – have been throughout history [3] the source of important inventions and innovations in the fields of writing, [4] [5] calendar, [6] mechanical [7] and civil engineering, [8] [9] [10] [11] musical notation, [12] celestial observation, [13] perspective, [14] warfare, [15] [16] [17] [18] long distance communication, [19] [20] [21] storage [22] and production [23] [24] of energy, modern medicine, [25] polymerization [26] [27] and information technology. [28] [29]

Italians also contributed in theorizing civil law, [30] [31] scientific method (particularly in the fields of physics and astronomy), [32] double-entry bookkeeping, [33] mathematical algebra [34] and analysis, [35] [36] classical and celestial mechanics. [37] [38] Often, things discovered for the first time are also called inventions and in many cases, there is no clear line between the two.

The following is a list of inventions, innovations or discoveries known or generally recognized to be Italian.

Alphabetical list of Italian Inventions

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Z

Medical discoveries and techniques

Law, philosophy and humanities

Math and physical sciences

Theories, Methods and Models

Particles

Astronomy

Military innovations

Strategies, methods and operations

Troops

Music

Notation and performance

Contemporary Styles

Food and Cuisine

Sport

Geography

The following is an extract of the most noteworthy geographical discoveries, partially or totally Italian:

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Evangelista Torricelli</span> Italian physicist and matematician (1608–1647)

Evangelista Torricelli was an Italian physicist and mathematician, and a student of Galileo. He is best known for his invention of the barometer, but is also known for his advances in optics and work on the method of indivisibles. The torr is named after him.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duchy of Milan</span> Former duchy in Italy (1395–1447; 1450–1796)

The Duchy of Milan was a state in Northern Italy, created in 1395 by Gian Galeazzo Visconti, then the lord of Milan, and a member of the important Visconti family, which had been ruling the city since 1277.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duchy of Parma and Piacenza</span> Former Italian state from 1545–1802 and 1814–1859

The Duchy of Parma and Piacenza was an Italian state created in 1545 and located in northern Italy, in the current region of Emilia-Romagna.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Francesco Fontana</span> Italian lawyer and astronomer

Francesco Fontana was an Italian lawyer and an astronomer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Galileo thermometer</span> Thermometer containing several glass vessels of varying density

A Galileo thermometer is a thermometer made of a sealed glass cylinder containing a clear liquid and several glass vessels of varying density. The individual floats rise or fall in proportion to their respective density and the density of the surrounding liquid as the temperature changes. It is named after Galileo Galilei because he discovered the principle on which this thermometer is based—that the density of a liquid changes in proportion to its temperature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vincenzo Viviani</span> Italian mathematician and scientist

Vincenzo Viviani was an Italian mathematician and scientist. He was a pupil of Torricelli and Galileo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guarino Guarini</span> Italian architect, priest, mathematician and writer (1624–1683)

Camillo Guarino Guarini was an Italian architect of the Piedmontese Baroque, active in Turin as well as Sicily, France and Portugal. He was a Theatine priest, mathematician, and writer. His work represents the ultimate achievement of Italian Baroque structural engineering, creating in stone what could be attempted today in reinforced concrete.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terramare culture</span> Archaeological culture in Northern Italy

Terramare, terramara, or terremare is a technology complex mainly of the central Po valley, in Emilia, Northern Italy, dating to the Middle and Late Bronze Age c. 1700–1150 BC. It takes its name from the "black earth" residue of settlement mounds. Terramare is from terra marna, "marl-earth", where marl is a lacustrine deposit. It may be any color but in agricultural lands it is most typically black, giving rise to the "black earth" identification of it. The population of the terramare sites is called the terramaricoli. The sites were excavated exhaustively in 1860–1910.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antonio Nibby</span>

Antonio Nibby was an Italian archaeologist and topographer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leopoldo de' Medici</span> Italian cardinal, scholar, patron of the arts and Governor of Siena

Leopoldo de' Medici was an Italian cardinal, scholar, patron of the arts and Governor of Siena. He was the brother of Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.

Giovanni Faber was a German papal doctor, botanist and art collector, originally from Bamberg in Bavaria, who lived in Rome from 1598. He was curator of the Vatican botanical garden, a member and the secretary of the Accademia dei Lincei. He acted throughout his career as a political broker between Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria and Rome. He was a friend of fellow Linceian Galileo Galilei and the German painters in Rome, Johann Rottenhammer and Adam Elsheimer. He has also been credited with inventing the name "microscope".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Liberation Committee</span> Italian World War II resistance movement

The National Liberation Committee was a political umbrella organization and the main representative of the Italian resistance movement fighting against Nazi Germany's forces during the German occupation of Italy in the aftermath of the armistice of Cassibile, while simultaneously fighting against Italian fascists during the Italian Civil War. It coordinated and directed the Italian resistance and was subdivided into the Central Committee for National Liberation (CCLN), which was based in Rome, and the later National Liberation Committee for Northern Italy (CLNAI), which was based in Milan. The CNL was a multi-party entity, whose members were united by their anti-fascism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Science and technology in Italy</span> Overview of science and technology in Italy

Science and technology in Italy has a long presence, from the Roman era and the Renaissance. Through the centuries, Italy has advanced the scientific community which produced many significant inventions and discoveries in biology, physics, chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, and the other sciences. In 2019, Italy was the 6th world producer of scientific articles publishing more than 155,000 documents. From 1996 to 2000, it published a total of 2 million scientific articles. Italy was ranked 28th in the Global Innovation Index in 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siena</span> Comune in Tuscany, Italy

Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the province of Siena. Siena is the 12th largest city in the region by number of inhabitants, with a population of 53,062 as of 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marino Moretti</span>

Marino Moretti was an Italian poet and author.

Giuseppe Alberigo was an Italian Catholic historian and editor of a history of the Second Vatican Council that focuses on alleged discontinuities and departures from previous Church teaching.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alessandro Grimaldi</span> Doge of the Republic of Genoa and king of Corsica

Alessandro Grimaldi was the 121st Doge of the Republic of Genoa and king of Corsica.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrea Benetti (artist)</span> Italian painter, photographer and draftsman

Andrea Benetti is an Italian painter, the author of the Manifesto of Neo Cave Art presented in 2009, at the 53rd Venice Biennale, at the Ca' Foscari University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Riccardo Felici</span> Italian physicist (1819–1902)

Riccardo Felici was a physicist and Italian professor of the University of Pisa. He is best known for the electrodynamics law that bears his name, through which the total charge passing through a circuit subject to an induced current can be calculated as the difference between the final and initial flux of the magnetic field, divided by the electrical resistance of the circuit. Felici anticipated, by almost fifty years, the experiments by André Blondel in 1914, in his search for the general law of magnetic induction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cinema of Naples</span>

The history of cinema in Naples begins at the end of the 19th century and over time it has recorded cinematographic works, production houses and notable filmmakers. Over the decades, the Neapolitan capital has also been used as a film set for many works, over 600 according to the Internet Movie Database, the first of which would be Panorama of Naples Harbor from 1901.

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