This is a list of inventors from the Russian Federation, Soviet Union, Russian Empire, Tsardom of Russia and Grand Duchy of Moscow , including both ethnic Russians and people of other ethnicities.
This list also includes those who were born in Russia or its predecessor states but later emigrated, and those who were born elsewhere but immigrated to the country or worked there for a considerable time, (producing inventions on Russian soil).
For Russian inventions in chronological order, see the Timeline of Russian inventions and technology records.
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Vladimir Chelomey (1914–1984) Russian Empire Soviet Union | first space station (Salyut 1), further space stations of Salyut series, Proton rocket (the most used heavy lift launch system) [36] | ||
Pavel Cherenkov (1904–1990) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Cherenkov detector [37] | ||
Evgeniy Chertovsky (1902–?) Russian Empire Soviet Union Russian Federation | pressure suit [38] | ||
Alexander Chizhevsky (1897–1964) Russian Empire Soviet Union | air ionizer (Chizhevsky's chandelier) [39] | ||
Andrey Chokhov (c. 1545–1629) Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of Russia | Tsar Cannon, the largest bombard by caliber but inoperative [40] |
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Ivan Elmanov Russian Empire | first monorail (the so-called "Road on Pillars" near Moscow, with horse-drawn carriages) [48] |
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Peter Carl Fabergé (1846–1920) Russian Empire | Fabergé Eggs [49] | ||
Nicolas Florine (1891–1972) Russian Empire Belgium (born in Georgia) | first tandem rotor helicopter to fly freely [50] | ||
Ivan Fyodorov (c. 1510–1583) Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of Russia Poland-Lithuania | invented multibarreled mortar, introduced printing in Russia [51] | ||
Svyatoslav Fyodorov (1927–2000) Soviet Union Russian Federation | radial keratotomy [52] | ||
Vladimir Fyodorov (1874–1966) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Fedorov Avtomat (first self-loading battle rifle, arguably the first assault rifle) [53] |
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Waldemar Haffkine (1860–1930) Russian Empire Switzerland | developed and used first vaccines against cholera and bubonic plague [69] [70] |
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Gavriil Ilizarov (1921–1992) Soviet Union Russian Federation | Ilizarov apparatus, external fixation, distraction osteogenesis [71] [72] | ||
Sergey Ilyushin (1894–1977) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Il-series fighter aircraft, including Ilyushin Il-2 bomber (the most produced military aircraft in history) [73] | ||
Aleksei Isaev (1908–1971) Russian Empire Soviet Union (second left on photo) | first rocket-powered fighter aircraft, BI-1 (together with Bereznyak) [25] | ||
Isidore Grand Duchy of Moscow | Russian vodka [74] | ||
Vladislav Ivanov (1936–2007) Soviet Union Russian Federation | Pioneer of Magnetic resonance imaging [75] [76] [77] |
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Boris Jacobi (1801–1874) Prussia Russian Empire | electrotyping (an application of electroplating to typography), electric boat [78] |
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Theophil Wilgodt Odhner (1845–1903) Sweden Russian Empire | the Odhner Arithmometer (a mechanical pinwheel calculator) | ||
Lucien Olivier (1838–1883) Russian Empire (Belgian or French origin) | Russian salad (Olivier salad) |
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Leonid Ramzin (1887–1948) Russian Empire Soviet Union | straight-flow boiler (Ramzin boiler) [128] | ||
Peter I of Russia (Romanov) (1672–1725) Tsardom of Russia Russian Empire | decimal currency, yacht club, sounding line with separating plummet (sounding weight probe) [129] [130] [131] | ||
Ida Rosenthal (1886–1973) Russian Empire United States (born in Belarus, Jewish descent) | modern brassiere (Maidenform), the standard of cup sizes, nursing bra, full-figured bra, the first seamed uplift bra (all with her husband William) [132] [133] [134] | ||
Boris Rosing (1869–1933) Russian Empire Soviet Union | CRT television (first TV system using cathode ray tube on the receiving side) [135] [136] | ||
Eugene Roshal (born 1972) Soviet Union Russian Federation | FAR file manager, RAR file format, WinRAR file archiver [137] |
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Vladimir Utkin (1923–2000) Soviet Union Russian Federation | railcar-launched ICBM (RT-23 Molodets), other Soviet rockets [153] |
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Vladimir Vakhmistrov (1897–1972) Russian Empire Soviet Union | first bomber with a parasite aircraft (Zveno project) | ||
Viktor Vasnetsov (1848–1926) Russian Empire Soviet Union | budenovka military hat | ||
Vladimir Veksler (1907–1966) Russian Empire Soviet Union | synchrophasotron, co-inventor of synchrotron [34] [154] |
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Paul Walden (1863–1957) Russian Empire Germany (born in Latvia, Baltic German descent) | Walden inversion, Ethylammonium nitrate (the first room temperature ionic liquid) |
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Pavel Yablochkov (1847–1894) Russian Empire | Yablochkov candle (first commercially viable electric carbon arc lamp) | ||
Alexander Yakovlev (1906–1989) Russian Empire Soviet Union | Yak-series aircraft, including Yakovlev Yak-40 (the first regional jet) | ||
Vladimir Yourkevitch (1885–1964) Russian Empire France United States | modern ship hull design | ||
Sergei Yudin (1891–1954) Russian Empire Soviet Union | cadaveric blood transfusion and other medical operations [155] |
Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Ludwik Łazarz Zamenhof (1859–1917) Russian Empire (Poland) | Esperanto language | ||
Yevgeny Zavoisky (1907–1976) Russian Empire Soviet Union | EPR spectroscopy, co-developer of NMR spectroscopy [156] | ||
Nikolay Zelinsky (1861–1953) Russian Empire Soviet Union | the first effective filtering activated charcoal gas mask in the world | ||
Nikolai Zhukovsky (1847–1921) Russian Empire Russian SFSR | an early wind tunnel, co-developer of the Tsar Tank [98] [157] | ||
Vladimir Zvorykin (1889–1982) Russian Empire United States | pioneer of television technology Iconoscope, kinescope | ||
Vasily Zvyozdochkin (1876–1956) Russian Empire Soviet Union | matryoshka doll (together with painter Sergey Malyutin) [158] |
Mikhail Timofeyevich Kalashnikov was a Soviet and Russian lieutenant general, inventor, military engineer, writer, and small arms designer. He is most famous for developing the AK-47 assault rifle and its improvements, the AKM and AK-74, as well as the RPK light machine gun and PK machine gun.
The Buran programme, also known as the "VKK Space Orbiter programme", was a Soviet and later Russian reusable spacecraft project that began in 1974 at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute in Moscow and was formally suspended in 1993. In addition to being the designation for the whole Soviet/Russian reusable spacecraft project, Buran was also the name given to orbiter 1K, which completed one uncrewed spaceflight in 1988 and was the only Soviet reusable spacecraft to be launched into space. The Buran-class orbiters used the expendable Energia rocket as a launch vehicle.
Pavlov's House was a fortified apartment building which Red Army defenders held for 60 days against the Wehrmacht offensive during the Battle of Stalingrad. The siege lasted from 27 September to 25 November 1942 and eventually the Red Army managed to relieve it from the siege.
Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov was a Soviet Red Army soldier who became a Hero of the Soviet Union for his role in defending the eponymous "Pavlov's House" during the Battle of Stalingrad.
Ivan Petrovich Kulibin was a Russian mechanic and inventor. He was born in Nizhny Novgorod in the family of a trader. From childhood, Kulibin displayed an interest in constructing mechanical tools. Soon, clock mechanisms became a special interest of his. His realizations as well as his prolific imagination inspired the work of many.
Hero of Belarus is the highest title that can be bestowed on a citizen of Belarus. The title is awarded to those "who perform great deeds in the name of freedom, independence and prosperity of the Republic of Belarus". The deed can be for military performance, economic performance or great service to the State and society. The design of the medal is similar to that of its predecessor, Hero of the Soviet Union. Similar titles to the Hero of Belarus include the Hero of the Russian Federation, Hero of Ukraine, and Hero of Uzbekistan. Since its creation, the title has been awarded to eleven people.
Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov was a Soviet general and a posthumous Hero of the Soviet Union, known for his command of the 316th Rifle Division during the defense of Moscow at the Second World War.
Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant also known as CTZ-Uraltrak (ЧТЗ-УРАЛТРАК) is a tractor construction plant in the Russian city of Chelyabinsk.
Igor Vasilyevich Gorynin was a Soviet and Russian metallurgist, creator of many new titanium and aluminium alloys, and reactor steels. He was the director of the Prometey Central Scientific Research Institute Of Structural Materials.
The 18th Machine Gun Artillery Division is a division of the Russian Ground Forces stationed in Sakhalin Oblast with administration over the Kuril Islands.
Arkhyp Mykhailovych Lyulka was a Soviet scientist and designer of jet engines, head of the OKB Lyulka, member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.
Gleb Yevgenyevich Lozino-Lozinskiy was a Ukrainian engineer, General Director and General Designer of the JSC NPO Molniya, lead developer of the Russian Spiral and Shuttle Buran programme, Doctor of Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labour, laureate of Lenin Prize (1962) and Stalin Prizes.
The 20th Guards Combined Arms Army is a field army. In 1991, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the army became part of the Russian Ground Forces. Military Unit Number в/ч 89425.
Russian Aircraft Corporation "MiG", commonly known as Mikoyan and MiG, is a Russian aerospace and defence company headquartered in Begovoy District, Moscow.
Aleksandr Davidovich Nadiradze was a Soviet engineer of Georgian ethnicity who was instrumental in militarization of the former Soviet space program.
This timeline of Russian innovation encompasses key events in the history of technology in Russia.
Mikhail Feodorovich Panov was a Soviet general.
The Order of Lenin, was an award named after Vladimir Lenin, the leader of the October Revolution. It was established by the Central Executive Committee on 6 April 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration bestowed by the Soviet Union. The order was awarded to:
The 37th Guards "Rechitsa" Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Red Army which fought during World War II.
Vasily Ivanovich Bakalov was a Soviet and Russian military engineer and designer who worked on the designs of armoured vehicle defence systems and anti-tank guided missiles.
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