Papadam

Last updated

Papadam
Roasted Papad - Howrah 2013-11-02 4068.jpg
Fire-roasted papadam
Alternative names
  • Papad
  • papar
  • papadum
  • appadam
  • pampas
  • happala
  • poppadam
  • poppadom
  • appalam
  • pappadam
  • pampad
  • puppodum
  • pappadum
  • pompadom
CourseAppetizer or side dish
Main ingredients
Variations
  • Rice papad
  • tapioca papad
  • sago papad
  • potato papad
  • masala papad
  • garlic papad
  • ginger paped
  • jackfruit papad

A papadam (also spelled poppadom, among other variants), also known as papad, is a snack that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Dough of black gram bean flour is either deep fried or cooked with dry heat (flipped over an open flame) until crunchy. Other flours made from lentils, chickpeas, rice, tapioca, millet or potato are also used. Papadam is typically served as an accompaniment to a meal in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and the Caribbean or as an appetizer, often with a dip such as chutneys, or toppings such as chopped onions and chili peppers, or it may be used as an ingredient in curries.

Contents

Etymology

Papadam is a loanword from Tamil பப்படம்pappaṭam, [1] [2] and is likely derived from Sanskrit पर्पटparpaṭa, meaning a flattened disc described in early Jain and Buddhist literature. [3] [4] Papad is known by several names in the various languages of India, e.g. पापड़pāpaṛ in Hindi; అప్పడంappaḍaṁ in Telugu; அப்பளம்appaḷam or பப்படம்pappaṭam in Tamil; ಹಪ್ಪಳhappaḷa in Kannada; පපඩම්papaḍam in Sinhala; പപ്പടംpappaṭam in Malayalam; पापडpāpaḍ in Marathi; [5] ਪਾਪੜpāpaṛ in Punjabi; પાપડpāpaḍ in Gujarati; ପାମ୍ପଡpāmpaḍa in Odia; and পাপড়pāpaḍ in Assamese.[ citation needed ]

Regional variations

Jackfruit papadam from Bengaluru RollednRoastedPapads.jpg
Jackfruit papadam from Bengaluru
Different types of papads are sold at stores. Different Papad - Kolkata 2015-10-21 6134.JPG
Different types of papads are sold at stores.

Papad recipes vary from region to region and from household to household. They are typically made from a flour or paste derived from lentils, chickpeas, black gram, rice, or potatoes. [6]

Salt and peanut oil are added to make a dough, which can be flavored with seasonings such as chili, cumin, garlic, or black pepper. Sometimes, baking soda or slaked lime are also added. The dough is shaped into thin, round flatbreads, dried (traditionally in the sun [7] ), and can be cooked by deep frying, roasting over an open flame, toasting, or microwaving, depending on the desired texture.

In most Indian restaurants around the world, they are served as an appetizer with dips, which often include mango chutney, lime pickle, onion chutney, and raita . [8] Masala papad with sev, onion, tomato and coriander leaves is one of India's most popular appetizers.

Ingredients and preparation

Papadam can be prepared from different ingredients and methods. One popular recipe uses flour ground from hulled split black gram [9] mixed with black pepper, salt, a small amount of vegetable oil and a food-grade alkali, and the mixture is kneaded. A well-kneaded dough is then flattened into very thin rounds and then dried and stored for later preparation and consumption. It may also contain rice, jackfruit, sago, etc., as main ingredients.

Cracked black pepper, red chili powder, asafoetida, cumin or sesame seeds are often used as flavoring agents. Papadam is also made from rice flakes, ragi or horsegram. [10]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rice and curry</span> Popular dish in Sri Lanka

Rice and curry is a popular dish in Sri Lanka, as well as in other parts of the Indian subcontinent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pakora</span> Spiced fritter originally from the Indian subcontinent

Pakora is a fritter originating from the Indian subcontinent. They are sold by street vendors and served in restaurants across South Asia. It often consists of vegetables such as potatoes and onions, which are coated in seasoned gram flour batter and deep fried.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fritter</span> Fried pastry usually consisting of a portion of batter with a filling

A fritter is a portion of meat, seafood, fruit, vegetables, or other ingredients which have been battered or breaded, or just a portion of dough without further ingredients, that is deep-fried. Fritters are prepared in both sweet and savory varieties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sri Lankan cuisine</span> Culinary traditions of Sri Lanka

Sri Lankan cuisine is known for its particular combinations of herbs, spices, fish, vegetables, rices, and fruits. The cuisine is highly centered around many varieties of rice, as well as coconut which is a ubiquitous plant throughout the country. Seafood also plays a significant role in the cuisine, be it fresh fish or preserved fish. As a country that was a hub in the historic oceanic silk road, contact with foreign traders brought new food items and cultural influences in addition to the local traditions of the country's ethnic groups, all of which have helped shape Sri Lankan cuisine. Influences from Indian, Indonesian and Dutch cuisines are most evident with Sri Lankan cuisine sharing close ties to other neighbouring South and Southeast Asian cuisines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chaat</span> Savory Indian-originated snack

Chaat, or chāt is a family of savoury snacks that originated in India, typically served as an hors d'oeuvre or at roadside tracks from stalls or food carts across South Asia in India, Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh. With its origins in Uttar Pradesh, India, chaat has become immensely popular in the rest of South Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rajasthani cuisine</span> Cuisine of the Rajasthan region in North West India

Rajasthani cuisine is the traditional cuisine of the Rajasthan state in north-west India. It was influenced by various factors like the warlike lifestyles of its inhabitants, the availability of ingredients in an arid region and by Hindu temple traditions of sampradayas like Pushtimarg and Ramanandi. Food that could last for several days and could be eaten without heating was preferred.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iraqi cuisine</span> Culinary traditions of Iraq

Iraqi cuisine is a Middle Eastern cuisine that has its origins in the ancient Near East culture of the fertile crescent. Tablets found in ancient ruins in Iraq show recipes prepared in the temples during religious festivals—the first cookbooks in the world. Ancient Iraq's cultural sophistication extended to the culinary arts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Levantine cuisine</span> Cuisine of the Eastern Mediterranean

Levantine cuisine is the traditional cuisine of the Levant, in the sense of the rough area of former Ottoman Syria. The cuisine has similarities with Egyptian cuisine, North African cuisine and Ottoman cuisine. It is particularly known for its meze spreads of hot and cold dishes, most notably among them ful medames, hummus, tabbouleh and baba ghanoush, accompanied by bread.

Maharashtrian or Marathicuisine is the cuisine of the Marathi people from the Indian state of Maharashtra. It has distinctive attributes, while sharing much with other Indian cuisines. Traditionally, Maharashtrians have considered their food to be more austere than others.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gujarati cuisine</span> Cuisine of Gujarat, India

Gujarati cuisine is the cuisine of the Indian state of Gujarat. The typical Gujarati thali consists of rotli, dal or curry, rice, and shaak. The thali will also include preparations made from pulses or whole beans such as moong, black eyed beans etc., a snack item (farsaan) like dhokla, pathra, samosa, fafda, etc. and a sweet (mishthaan) like mohanthal, jalebi, sevaiya etc.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chili sauce and paste</span> Condiment prepared with chili peppers

Chili sauce and chili paste are condiments prepared with chili peppers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian bread</span> Wide variety of flatbreads and crêpes which are an integral part of Indian cuisine

Indian breads are a wide variety of flatbreads and crêpes which are an integral part of Indian cuisine. Their variation reflects the diversity of Indian culture and food habits.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sindhi cuisine</span> Cuisine of the Sindh, Pakistan

Sindhi cuisine refers to the distinct native cuisine of the Sindhi people from Sindh, Pakistan. Sindhi cuisine has been influenced by Central Asian, Iranian, Mughal food traditions. It is mostly a non-vegetarian cuisine, with even Sindhi Hindus widely accepting of meat consumption. The daily food in most Sindhi households consists of wheat-based flat-bread (Mani) or rice accompanied by two dishes, one gravy and one dry with curd, papad or pickle. Freshwater fish and a wide variety of vegetables are usually used in Sindhi cuisine. Restaurants specializing in Sindhi cuisine are rare, although it is found at truck stops in rural areas of Sindh province, and in a few restaurants in urban Sindh.

Bhojpuri cuisine is a style of food preparation common among the Bhojpuri people of Bihar, Jharkhand and eastern Uttar Pradesh in India, and also the Terai region of Nepal. Bhojpuri foods are mostly mild and tend to be less hot in terms of spices used. The cuisine consists of both vegetable and meat dishes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eggplant salads and appetizers</span>

Many cuisines feature eggplant salads and appetizers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andhra cuisine</span> Culinary tradition

Andhra cuisine, culturally known as Telugu cuisine, is a cuisine of India native to the state of Andhra Pradesh and is the culinary style of Telugu people. It is generally known for its tangy, hot, and spicy taste.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malaysian Indian cuisine</span> Cuisine of ethnic Indian communities of Malaysia

Malaysian Indian cuisine, or the cooking of the ethnic Indian communities in Malaysia, consists of adaptations of authentic dishes from India, as well as original creations inspired by the diverse food culture of Malaysia. Because the vast majority of Malaysia's Indian community are of South Indian descent, and are mostly ethnic Tamils who are descendants of immigrants from a historical region which consists of the modern Indian state of Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka's Northern Province, much of Malaysian Indian cuisine is predominantly South Indian inspired in character and taste. A typical Malaysian Indian dish is likely to be redolent with curry leaves, whole and powdered spice, and contains fresh coconut in various forms. Ghee is still widely used for cooking, although vegetable oils and refined palm oils are now commonplace in home kitchens. Before a meal it is customary to wash hands as cutlery is often not used while eating, with the exception of a serving spoon for each respective dish.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pholourie</span> Fried, spiced dough balls

Pholourie, also spelled phulourie or phoulourie, is a snack food commonly eaten in Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname and other parts of the Caribbean. It consists of fried, spiced split pea and flour dough balls that are served with a chutney.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vada (food)</span> Category of savoury fried snacks from India

Vada, vadai, wada, bara, or bora is a category of savoury fried snacks native to India. Vadas can be described variously as fritters, cutlets, or dumplings. Vadas are sometimes stuffed with vegetables and traditionally served with chutneys and sambar.

References

  1. "poppadom, n." OED Online. December 2006. Oxford University Press.<http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/147794?redirectedFrom=poppadum#>.
  2. "Digital Dictionaries of South Asia". 1962.
  3. "Poppadom - Definition and synonyms of poppadom in the English dictionary". educalingo.com. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  4. "Lip-Smacking Ways to Use Papad: From Masala Papad to Rolls and Chaats". NDTV Food. Retrieved 12 September 2022. According to food historian and author KT Achaya, "The parpata (papad) is first mentioned in about 500BC in Buddhist-Jain canonical literature, and the medical authorities note that they are made from pulses like urad, masoor, chana and the like."
  5. Khedkar, Renu; Shastri, Pratima; Bawa, Amarinder Singh (2016). "Standardization, Characterization and Shelf Life Studies on Sandge, a Traditional Food Adjunct of Western India". International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology. 1 (2): 237–243. doi: 10.22161/ijeab/1.2.18 .
  6. Aoyagi, William Shurtleff; Akiko (17 February 2019). History of Soy Flour, Flakes and Grits (510 CE to 2019): Extensively Annotated Bibliography and Sourcebook. Soyinfo Center. p. 814. ISBN   978-1-948436-06-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. B.Gangwar (21 January 2013). Solving The Pulses Crisis. New India Publishing Agency. p. 197. ISBN   978-93-81450-48-2.
  8. "Poppadom Dips Recipe (easy Indian dips)". 23 May 2023.
  9. J. Smartt; Emmanuel Nwokolo (6 December 2012). Food and Feed from Legumes and Oilseeds. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 28. ISBN   978-1-4613-0433-3.
  10. "Poha papad, Rice flakes Papad, Summer Recipe". Udupi-Recipes. 11 March 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2020.