People's Progressive Party | |
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Malay name | Parti Progresif Penduduk ڤرتي ڤروڬريسيف ڤندودوق |
Chinese name | 人民進步黨 人民进步党 rénmín jìnbù dǎng |
Abbreviation | PPP |
President | Datuk Dr. Loga Bala Mohan |
Secretary-General | Dato' Inder Singh |
Vice President | Datuk Mohan Kandasamy Dato Elayppen Muthusamy Datuk Lee Heng |
Women's Chief | Punitha Munusamy |
Youth Chief | Sathiah Sudakaran |
Founder | D. R. Seenivasagam |
Founded | 10 April 1953 19 April 2023 re-registered |
Dissolved | 14 January 2019 [1] |
Preceded by | Perak Progressive Party |
Headquarters | Wisma PPP 74, Jalan Rotan, Kampung Attap, 50460 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
Youth wing | PPP Pemuda Movement |
Women's wing | PPP Women's Movement |
Men's youth wing | PPP Putera Movement |
Women's youth wing | PPP Puteri Movement |
Membership (2006) | 500,000 |
Ideology | Liberal conservatism Civic nationalism |
Political position | Centre-right |
National affiliation | Alliance (1953–1955) Malaysian Solidarity Convention (1965) United Front (1966) Barisan Nasional (1973–2018, allied since 2023) |
Colours | Gold |
Slogan | "Peace, Progressive, Prosperity" |
Website | |
www | |
People's Progressive Party on Facebook |
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The People's Progressive Party (PPP; Malay : Parti Progresif Penduduk) is a multiracial political party in Malaysia and was one of the component members of the Barisan Nasional coalition from 1973 to 2018.
The party had two distinct phases - the first as an opposition party from the 1950s to the 1970s which led the administration of Ipoh and had Perak as its stronghold. The second was as a minor party in the Barisan Nasional coalition that only won a single parliamentary seat in more than four decades.
The loss of the Barisan Nasional in the 2018 Malaysian general election caused the party to split into two factions – one led by Maglin Dennis D'Cruz who supported myPPP remaining part of the coalition and the other led by party president M. Kayveas who insisted on myPPP leaving the BN coalition. The latter emerged victorious in the immediate power struggle and myPPP subsequently exited the Barisan Nasional coalition. [2] However, the Registrar of Societies de-registered the party in 2019 amid a renewed dispute between D'cruz and Kayveas. [1]
PPP was formed in 1953 as the Perak Progressive Party by the Seenivasagam brothers mainly as an opposition party to the Alliance; the party's first president was Kanagaratnam Pillai with the Seenivasagam brothers as senior office bearers. It was a hugely popular party upon inception, particularly due to the popularity of the brothers who spoke up for justice, equality and the common man.
For a short period in 1954, PPP joined the ruling Alliance with UMNO, MIC, and MCA (which would later become the Barisan Nasional), but withdrew in 1955 over disagreement with the Alliance on allocation of seats, to become an opposition party again. In 1956, it changed its name to the People's Progressive Party. In 1969, as a strong opposition party, PPP was nearly able to form the Perak State Government, but fell short of just 2 seats in combination with the opposition to form the state assembly when 2 of its members crossed over. The success of PPP was mainly due to the Chinese vote, though many of the top leaders then were Indians.
In 1973, PPP became one of the founding members of the National Front. It was brought into the National Front to keep the Indian and Chinese vote, especially after the 1969 racial riots.
However, joining the coalition would prove its undoing as it lost nearly all its seats when it contested under the Barisan Nasional ticket in the 1974 General Elections. This was mainly due to Chinese anti-establishment feeling that was prevailing at that time.[ citation needed ] Many PPP stalwarts transferred their allegiance to the DAP during that time.
Following the loss of its final parliamentary seat in 1978, the party descended into factionalism and was on the verge of disbanding.
However PPP enjoyed a renaissance of sorts under the leadership of M. Kayveas.
He rebranded the party and claimed to have boosted its membership to more than 500,000 with a network of over 3000 branches throughout the country. All registered members carry a membership card signed by the President; the President's card is signed by the Secretary General.[ citation needed ] As of 2006, 48% of the PPP's membership was Indian, 32% Chinese, 13% Malay, and the rest were of other ethnicities. [3]
In November 2006, party president, M. Kayveas, proposed a merger between the PPP and another Barisan Nasional party, the Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia. Koh Tsu Koon, Gerakan's Deputy President, welcomed the suggestion, but ultimately nothing came out of it. [3]
The 2008 Malaysian General Elections saw the party being decimated. However the party retained its representation in the Senate and was later allocated a Deputy Minister post occupied by T. Murugiah.
In the aftermath of the 2018 Malaysian General Elections, the party under President M. Kayveas announced myPPP's exit from the Barisan Nasional coalition after its loss of power in the election. There was a subsequent power struggle between the "remain" and "leave" factions of myPPP led by Maglin Dennis D'Cruz and M. Kayveas respectively. The former emerged victorious in the power struggle and via a letter dated 11 April 2023, the Home Minister decided that Maglin Dennis D'Cruz was the lawful President of myPPP. [4]
Maglin however died on November the same year, [5] and as of June 2024, the party was temporarily helmed by J. Loga Bala Mohan. [6] Loga Bala subsequently were confirmed as the permanent president of the party when he won the post uncontested in the party's annual general meeting on 1 September 2024. [7]
Order | Name [13] | Term of office | Years | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Kanagaratnam Pillai | 1953 | 1964 | 11 |
2 | D. R. Seenivasagam | 1964 | 1969 | 5 |
3 | S. P. Seenivasagam | 1969 | 1975 | 6 |
4 | Khong Kok Yet | 1975 | 1978 | 3 |
5 | S. I. Rajah | 1978 | 1982 | 4 |
6 | Paramjit Singh | 1982 | 1985 | 3 |
7 | Tee Ah Chuan | 1985 | 1986 | 1 |
(6) | Paramjit Singh | 1986 | 1988 | 2 |
8 | Mak Hon Kam | 1988 | 1988 | >1 |
(5) | S. I. Rajah | 1988 | 1993 | 5 |
9 | M. Kayveas | 1993 | 2018 | 25 |
10 | Maglin Dennis D'Cruz | 2018 | 2019 | <1 |
Party de-registered (2019-2023) | ||||
Party re-registered (2023-current) | ||||
(10) | Maglin Dennis D'Cruz | 2023 | 2023 | <1 |
11 | Loga Bala | 2024 | Incumbent | |
Election | Total seats won | Total votes | Share of votes | Outcome of election | Election leader |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1955 | 0 / 144 | 1,081 | 0.1% | ![]() | D. R. Seenivasagam |
1959 | 4 / 144 | 97,391 | 6.3% | ![]() | D. R. Seenivasagam |
1964 | 2 / 144 | 69,898 | 3.4% | ![]() | D. R. Seenivasagam |
1969 | 4 / 144 | 80,756 | 3.4% | ![]() later Governing coalition (Alliance Party) | S. P. Seenivasagam |
1974 | 1 / 144 | ![]() (Barisan Nasional) | S. P. Seenivasagam | ||
1978 | 0 / 154 | ![]() | S. I. Rajah | ||
1982 | 0 / 154 | ![]() | Paramjit Singh | ||
1986 | 0 / 177 | ![]() | Paramjit Singh | ||
1990 | 0 / 180 | ![]() | S. I. Rajah | ||
1995 | 0 / 192 | ![]() | M. Kayveas | ||
1999 | 0 / 193 | ![]() | M. Kayveas | ||
2004 | 1 / 219 | ![]() (Barisan Nasional) | M. Kayveas | ||
2008 | 0 / 222 | 16,800 | 0.21% | ![]() | M. Kayveas |
2013 | 0 / 222 | 7,530 | 0.07% | ![]() | M. Kayveas |
2018 | 0 / 222 | 7,422 | 0.06% | ![]() | disputed |
State election | State Legislative Assembly | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kelantan | Penang | Perak | Selangor | Negeri Sembilan | Malacca | Total won / Total contested | |
2/3 majority | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | |
1955 | 0 / 19 | 0 / 2 | |||||
1959 | 0 / 24 | 8 / 40 | 0 / 28 | 8 / 39 | |||
1964 | 0 / 24 | 5 / 40 | 0 / 28 | 0 / 24 | 5 / 26 | ||
1969 | 0 / 24 | 12 / 40 | 12 / 16 | ||||
1974 | 2 / 42 | 2 / 9 | |||||
1978 | 1 / 42 | 1 / 4 | |||||
1982 | 0 / 42 | 0 / 3 | |||||
1986 | 1 / 46 | 1 / 3 | |||||
2004 | 0 / 59 | 0 / 1 | |||||
2008 | 0 / 59 | 0 / 1 | |||||
2013 | 0 / 45 | 0 / 59 | 0 / 56 | 0 / 28 | 0 / 4 |
List of MPs
1959 [14]
P27 Ipoh D.R. Seenivasagam
P28 Menglembu S.P. Seenivasagam
P30 Ulu Kinta Chan Swee Ho
P31 Batu Gajah Khong Kok Yat
1964 [15]
P50 Ipoh D.R. Seenivasagam
P51 Menglembu S.P. Seenivasagam
1969 [16]
P48 Bruas Su Liang Yu
P50 Ipoh R. C. Mahadeva Rayan
P51 Menglembu S.P. Seenivasagam
P30 Ulu Kinta Chan Yoon Om
1974 [17]
P56 Bruas Su Liang Yu
2004 [18]
P60 Taiping M Kayveas
List of state assemblymen
1959 [19]
N21 Sungei Raia Chin Foon
N22 Chemor Teoh Kim Swee
N23 Pekan Lama Toh Seang Eng
N24 Pekan Bharu D. R. Seenivasagam
N25 Pasir Puteh Mohamed Fajar Ali Hassan
N26 Kuala Pari S. P. Seenivasagam
N27 Pusing Khong Kok Tat
N29 Gopeng Hor Hock Lung
1964 [20]
N23 Pekan Lama D. R. Seenivasagam
N24 Pekan Bharu Chan Swee Ho
N25 Pasir Puteh Fong Kuan See
N26 Kuala Pari S. P. Seenivasagam
N27 Pusing Khong Kok Yat
1969 [21]
N16 Jalong R. C. Mahadeva Rayan
N21 Sungei Raia Samsudin Harun
N22 Chemor Theam Moi Tuck
N23 Pekan Lama Khong Kok Yat
N24 Pekan Bharu Chan Yoon Onn
N25 Pasir Puteh Foo Kuan Sze
N26 Kuala Pari S. P. Seenivasagam
N27 Pusing Yap Boon En
N29 Gopeng J. R. Suppiah
N33 Pasir Bedamar K. Ramasamy
N39 Bidor Chin Kee Seong
1974 [22]
N19 Chemor Yap Boon En BN (PPP)
N39 Bidor Chin Kee Seong BN (PPP)
1978
N19 Chemor Yap Boon En BN (PPP)
1986
N18 Sungai Rokam Paramjit Singh Tara Singh BN (PPP)