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Purna river | |
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![]() Purna river at Kedarkheda | |
Native name | पूर्णा नदी (Marathi) |
Location | |
Country | India |
State | Maharashtra |
Region | Marathwada |
District | Aurangabad, Jalna, Buldana, Parbhani, Hingoli, Akola |
City | Purna |
Physical characteristics | |
Source | Ajanta Range |
• location | Gautala Wildlife Sanctuary, Aurangabad, Marathwada, Maharashtra, India |
• coordinates | 20°33′N75°19′E / 20.550°N 75.317°E |
• elevation | 838 m (2,749 ft) |
Mouth | Godavari River |
• location | Jambulbet, Parbhani district, Marathwada, Maharashtra |
• coordinates | 19°10′N72°02′E / 19.167°N 72.033°E |
• elevation | 351 m (1,152 ft) |
Length | 373 km (232 mi) |
Basin size | 15,579 km2 (6,015 sq mi) |
Basin features | |
Tributaries | |
• left | Kelana River, Damna River, Lendi River |
• right | Anjana River, Girija River, Dudhana River |
The Purna River is a major left-bank tributary of Godavari River originating in the Ajanta Range [1] of hills in Aurangabad District, Maharashtra.The river lies in the rain shadow region of Maharashtra, on the Deccan Plateau, flowing through the districts of Aurangabad, Jalna, Buldana, Hingoli and Parbhani with a large catchment area measuring about 15,579 km2. This enormous catchment area is often tagged as a sub-basin of Godavari River and along with its tributaries forms a dendritic drainage pattern. [2] It is a prime river in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra running for about 373 km before it converges with Godavari River south of Purna city in the Parbhani district.
The river originates in the Ajanta Hill range within the Gautala Wildlife Sanctuary at an elevation of 838m. The sanctuary provides the much needed forest cover acting like a sponge to soak in the 711 mm to 889 mm of rain received per year, a crucial source of water, in this rain scarce region of Maharashtra.
The river has an extensive course measuring up to 373 km in length making it longer than the River Thames of Great Britain. Very close to its origin, it is dammed through the Nevpur Medium Irrigation Project [3] within the Kannad Taluka, [4] Aurangabad district. Collecting the tributary Anjana within the Sillod taluka, it ends its short course within Aurangabad and enters the Jalna where it is consecutively joined by two rivers, Girija at Walsakhalsa and Kelana at Jafrabad. Beyond this the river enters the Buldana district where it spreads out into the backwaters of the Khadakpurna dam and also receives another small tributary called Damna. Then on the river assumes the role of a natural boundary between the two districts of Hingoli and Parbhani. Along the course here its flow is interrupted by two dams; Yeldari Dam [5] - the second largest in Marathwada - which forms a large reservoir with live capacity of 0.81 billion cubic meters and Siddheshwar Dam. [6] The flow, now considerably reduced due to the presence of the two dams, trickles along down south, leaving the boundary between Hingoli and Parbhani and flowing down into Parbhani. Just before SH 222 crosses the river, it is joined by its largest tributary - Dudhana River, thereby augmenting its flow. In its last lap the river flows through Purna city where it is damned for the last time and ultimately flows into the Godavari River at an elevation of about 351m.
The longest tributary of Purna is Dudhana river. The list of the most significant tributaries is provided below, from the river that form a confluence nearest to the origin to the one furthest away.
Order | Left Bank | Taluka, District | Right Bank |
---|---|---|---|
1 | ---- | Silod, Aurangabad | Anjana |
2 | ---- | Bhokardan, Jalna | Girija |
3 | Kelana | Jafrabad, Jalna | ---- |
4 | Damna | Jafrabad, Jalna | ---- |
5 | Lendi | Jafrabad, Jalna | ---- |
6 | Aamna | Purna, Buldhana | ---- |
7 | ---- | Purna, Parbhani | Dudhana |
The river has a number of significant dams built along its course in order to harness the water in this drought prone region. [7] The second largest dam in Marathwada is the Yeldari Dam, an earth fill type of structure nearly 51 m high with gross storage capacity of 0.934 billion cubic meters. [8] Khadakpurna and Siddheshwar are other dams located on the river. [9] The region relies heavily on these reservoirs [10] to meet the water requirements with delay or poor monsoon dramatically affecting the region resulting in droughts and abysmal agricultural productivity.
The Godavari is India's second longest river after the Ganga River and drains the third largest basin in India, covering about 10% of India's total geographical area. Its source is in Trimbakeshwar, Nashik, Maharashtra. It flows east for 1,465 kilometres (910 mi), draining the states of Maharashtra (48.6%), Telangana (18.8%), Andhra Pradesh (4.5%), Chhattisgarh (10.9%) and Odisha (5.7%). The river ultimately empties into the Bay of Bengal through an extensive network of distributaries. Measuring up to 312,812 km2 (120,777 sq mi), it forms one of the largest river basins in the Indian subcontinent, with only the Ganga and Indus rivers having a larger drainage basin. In terms of length, catchment area and discharge, the Godavari is the largest in peninsular India, and had been dubbed as the Dakshina Ganga.
Marathwada is a administrative and geographical region of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It was formed during the Nizam's rule and was part of the then Hyderabad State. The region coincides with the Aurangabad division of Maharashtra. It borders the states of Karnataka and Telangana, and it lies to the west of the Vidarbha and east of Uttar Maharashtra regions of Maharashtra. The largest city of Marathwada is Aurangabad. Its people speak Marathi and Deccani Urdu.
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Parbhani district is one of the eight districts in the Marathawada region of Maharashtra state of India. Parbhani city is the headquarters of this district. Parbhani district is well known for the Marathwada rebellion and religious tourism of Hinduism, Jainism.
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Jalna district is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in western India. Jalna town is the district headquarters. The district is part of Aurangabad division.
Aurangabad district, officially known as Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar district, is one of the 36 districts of the state of Maharashtra in western India. It borders the districts of Nashik to the west, Jalgaon to the north, Jalna to the east, and Ahmednagar to the south. The city of Aurangabad houses the district's administrative headquarters. The district has an area of 10,100 km2, of which 37.55% is urban and the rest is rural. Aurangabad District is a major tourism region in Marathwada, with attractions including the Ajanta Caves and Ellora Caves.
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Jalna is a city in Jalna district in the Aurangabad Division, or Marathwada region, of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It was part of Hyderabad State as a tehsil of Aurangabad district, before Jalna district was formed effective 1 May 1981.
The Painganga River is the chief river of the Buldhana district, Hingoli district, Nanded district, Yavatmal district, Chandrapur district and Washim district in the Maharashtra state in India. It flows along the southeast boundaries of the district in a winding, meandering course. It is deeply entrenched and difficult to navigate. It rises in the Ajantha range and is a major tributary of the Wardha River, the other major river in the district. It is also divided Marathwada and Vidarbha near Umarkhed and Himayatnagar.
The 17063 / 17064 Ajanta Express is an Express train belonging to the South Central Railway Zone that runs between Kacheguda in Telangana and Manmad in Maharashtra in India.
The 17057 / 17058 Devagiri Express is an Express train service operated by the South Central Railway zone of Indian Railways. The train runs between Mumbai and Lingampalli, Hyderabad, The train is extended up to Lingampalli From 14 December 2023, primarily running on Secunderabad–Manmad section via Kalyan Junction, Nashik Road, Manmad, Aurangabad, Jalna, Parbhani, Nanded and Nizamabad. The train shares its rakes with Gowthami Express running between Kakinada and Lingampally.
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Siddheshwar Dam is an earth-fill dam on Purna River, which is a tributary of River Godavari. This dam is located in the north-western part of Aundha Nagnath, in the Hingoli district of Maharashtra, India.
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Tourism in Marathwada refers to tourism in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra state in India. Aurangabad is a regional headquarters in Marathwada, and the tourism capital of Maharashtra state. Out of the four UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Maharashtra, two are in the Marathwada region. There are also 110 monuments in Marathwada which are protected by Government of Maharashtra and recognized by Archaeological Survey of India.
Shivana River is a minor but important tributary of Godavari lying entirely within Aurangabad district, Maharashtra. It rises in the Kannad taluka, from the south-western slope of the Ajanta Hills which also holds the origin to another major tributary Purna.