Raptor Lake

Raptor Lake

Intel Core i7-13700K
General information
Launched	October 20, 2022;3 years ago (October 20, 2022) [1] [2]
Marketed by	Intel
Designed by	Intel
Common manufacturer	Intel
CPUID code	B0671
Product code	80715
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate	Up to 6.2 GHz (P-cores) Up to 4.5 GHz (E-cores)
DMI speeds	8x 16 GT/s
Cache
L1 cache	80 KB per P-core (32 KB instructions + 48 KB data) 96 KB per E-core (64 KB instructions + 32 KB data)
L2 cache	1.25 or 2 MB per P-core 2 or 4 MB per E-core cluster
L3 cache	Up to 36 MB shared
Architecture and classification
Technology node	Intel 7 (previously known as 10ESF)
Microarchitecture	Raptor Cove (P-cores) Golden Cove (P-cores) Gracemont (E-cores)
Instruction set	x86
Instructions	x86-64
Extensions	AES-NI, CLMUL, RDRAND, MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, AVX, AVX2, FMA3, AVX-VNNI, SHA, TXT, VT-x, VT-d
Physical specifications
Cores	Up to 8 P-cores Up to 16 E-cores
Memory (RAM)	Up to 256 GB [a] Up to dual-channel DDR5-5600 and 89.6 GB/s bandwidth with ECC support in some models Up to dual-channel LPDDR5X-6400 in mobile CPUs (excluding HX series)
GPU	Intel Xe-based integrated graphics (up to 96 execution units)
Packages	Flip-chip land grid array (FC-LGA) Flip-chip ball grid array (FC-BGA)
Sockets	Desktop/Server: LGA 1700 Mobile: BGA 1744 BGA 1792 Desktop replacement: BGA 1964
Products, models, variants
Product code name	RPL
Models	Raptor Lake-S Raptor Lake-U Raptor Lake-P Raptor Lake-PX Raptor Lake-H Raptor Lake-HX Raptor Lake-S Refresh Raptor Lake-U Refresh Raptor Lake-HX Refresh
Brand names	Intel Core Intel Processor Intel Xeon E-2400
Variant	Emerald Rapids (server)
History
Predecessors	Alder Lake (desktop and mobile) Rocket Lake (low-end servers) Twin Lake (low-end mobile)
Successors	Arrow Lake (desktop and mobile replacement) Meteor Lake (mobile)
Support status
Legacy support for iGPU [3]

Raptor Lake is Intel's codename for the 13th and 14th generations of Intel Core processors as well as some Core Series 1 and 2 processors. It is based on a hybrid architecture, utilizing Raptor Cove performance cores and Gracemont efficient cores. ^{[4] [5] [6]} Some lower-end SKUs branded as Raptor Lake are based on Alder Lake, with Golden Cove P-cores and Alder Lake-equivalent cache and memory configurations. Like Alder Lake, Raptor Lake is fabricated using Intel's Intel 7 process. ^{[7] [8]} Raptor Lake features up to 24 cores (8 performance cores plus 16 efficiency cores) and 32 threads and is socket compatible with Alder Lake systems (LGA 1700, BGA 1744, BGA 1964). ^{[9] [10] [11]} Like earlier generations, Raptor Lake processors also need accompanying chipsets.

Raptor Lake CPUs contain a clock tree circuit vulnerable to accelerated aging and permanent damage at elevated voltages. The BIOS code and microcode used with these CPUs supplied improperly high voltages, resulting in instability as the circuit degrades over time. Intel claims that aging issues have been since fixed in the latest BIOS and microcode patches, which can be installed by updating the motherboard's BIOS. Already-damaged CPUs cannot be fixed by a patch and have to be replaced. ^{[12] [13]}

History

Raptor Lake launched on October 20, 2022. On January 3, 2023, at CES 2023, Intel announced additional desktop CPUs and mobile CPUs. ^{[14] [15]} The 14th generation was launched on October 17, 2023. ^{[16] [17]} Raptor Lake's microarchitecture was developed by Intel's R&D center (IDC) in Haifa, Israel.

In September 2022, an Intel spokesman revealed that Raptor Lake was created to benefit from process improvements before Meteor Lake arrives since the next microarchitecture was likely to be delayed. ^[18]

Raptor Lake competes with AMD's Ryzen 7000 series that was launched about one month earlier on September 27, 2022. ^[19]

The 14th-generation Raptor Lake Refresh is the last processor family to use the old "Core i" branding scheme in use since 2008. The Raptor Lake-U Refresh series is the first processor family to use the new "Core 3/5/7" branding scheme introduced in mid 2023.

On December 14, 2023, Intel announced the Raptor Cove-based Xeon E-2400 series for entry-level servers. ^[20]

Features

Raptor Lake die from an i9-13900K

Core i9-13900K labelled die shot

CPU

Further information: Raptor Cove (microarchitecture) and Gracemont (microarchitecture)

• Up to 24 cores:
  • Up to 8 Raptor Cove performance cores (P-core)
  • Up to 16 Gracemont efficient cores (E-core) in 4-core clusters
• L2 cache for the P-core increased to 2 MB and for the E-core cluster to 4 MB
• Up to 36 MB shared L3 cache

GPU

• Up to 96 execution units (EUs)
• Intel Xe-LP microarchitecture
• Up to 1.65 GHz frequency
• Up to 4 displays

I/O

• Up to DDR5-5600 and LPDDR5X-6400
• Dual-channel memory; up to 2 DIMMs per channel (up to 4 DIMMs total), up to 256 GB
• Support XMP 3.0
• Up to 28 PCI Express 5.0 lanes including 8 dedicated to Direct Media Interface ^[21]
  • from CPU: x16 PCIe 5.0, x4 PCIe 4.0, x8 DMI 4.0 (16 GB/s total)
  • from Platform Controller Hub (PCH): x8 PCIe 4.0
• Integrated Thunderbolt 4 and WiFi 6E support
  • Supported via PCH on desktop processors
  • Directly supported by CPU on non-HX mobile processors
  • No support on HX mobile processors, could be added via external controller

Technology

• Third-generation Intel SuperFin transistors
• Increased P- and E-cores maximum frequencies
• Increased power efficiency ^[22]

List of 13th-generation Raptor Lake processors

Desktop processors

Raptor Lake-S

On September 27, 2022, at their Innovation event, Intel officially revealed six unlocked Raptor Lake SKUs launching for desktop on October 20, 2022. ^{[23] [24]} The highest-end Raptor Lake SKU, the 13900KS, which can hit up to 6.0 GHz at stock configuration, debuted in 2023. ^{[25] [26]}

Common features of Raptor Lake desktop CPUs:

• Socket: LGA 1700.
• Memory support:
  • All models support up to 128 GB of RAM and up to 256 GB of DDR5 RAM after a BIOS upgrade.
  • All models support DDR4 and DDR5 in dual-channel mode. ^[b]
  • All models support up to DDR4-3200 or DDR5-4800. The i5-13600 (K/KF/T) and all models above it support DDR5 speeds up to 5600 MT/s with max 2 DIMMs slotted, 4400 MT/s if 4 DIMMs are slotted.
• All models provide 28 PCI Express lanes:
  • 16 PCIe 5.0 lanes
  • 4 PCIe 4.0 lanes
  • 8 DMI lanes ^[21]
• Models without the F suffix feature either of the following integrated UHD Graphics GPUs, all with base frequency of 300 MHz:
  • UHD Graphics 770 with 32 execution units, or
  • UHD Graphics 730 with 24 execution units
• Max Turbo Power: the maximum sustained (> 1 s) power dissipation of the processor as limited by current and/or temperature controls. Instantaneous power may exceed Maximum Turbo Power for short durations (≤ 10 ms). Maximum Turbo Power is configurable by system vendor and can be system specific.
• CPUs in bold below feature vPro Enterprise and ECC memory support only when paired with a motherboard based on the W680 chipset. ^[27] Other SKUs do not support ECC memory at all.

Suffixes to denote:

• T – Low power (TDP reduced to 35 W)
• F – No integrated graphics
• K – Unlocked clock multiplier
• KF – Unlocked clock multiplier + No integrated graphics
• KS – Unlocked clock multiplier + Special edition

Alder Lake and Raptor Lake mixed models:

• 13400, 13400F

Alder Lake models:

• 13600, 13600T, 13500, 13500T, 13490F, 13400T, 13100, 13100F, 13100T

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)		Clock rate (GHz)						GPU		Smart cache	TDP		Release date	Price (USD) [c]
				Base		Turbo Boost				Model	Max. freq. (GHz)
						2.0		3.0	TVB
		P	E	P	E	P	E	P	P				Base	Turbo
Core i9	13900KS	8 (16)	16 (16)	3.2	2.4	5.4	4.3	5.8	6.0	UHD 770	1.65	36 MB	150 W	253 W	Jan 12, 2023	$699
	13900K			3.0	2.0			5.7	5.8				125 W		Oct 20, 2022	$589
	13900KF									—						$564
	13900			2.0	1.5	5.2	4.2	5.5	5.6	UHD 770	1.65		65 W	219 W	Jan 3, 2023	$549
	13900F									—						$524
	13900E			1.8	1.3	5.2	4.0	—	—	UHD 770	1.65		65 W	–	Q1'23	$554
	13900TE			1.0	0.8	5.0	3.9	—		UHD 770	1.65		35 W	–	Q1'23	$554
	13900T			1.1	0.8	5.1	3.9	5.3		UHD 770	1.65		35 W	106 W	Jan 3, 2023	$549
Core i7	13790F		8 (8)	2.1	1.5	5.1	4.1	5.2		—		33 MB	65 W	219 W	Feb 8, 2023	China exclusive
	13700K			3.4	2.5	5.4	4.2	5.4		UHD 770	1.6	30 MB	125 W	253 W	Oct 20, 2022	$409
	13700KF									—						$384
	13700			2.1	1.5	5.1	4.1	5.2		UHD 770	1.6		65 W	219 W	Jan 3, 2023
	13700F									—						$359
	13700E			1.9	1.3	5.1	3.9	—		UHD 770	1.6		65 W	–	Q1'23	$390
	13700TE			1.1	0.8	4.8	3.6	—		UHD 770	1.6		35 W	–	Q1'23	$390
	13700T			1.4	1.0	4.8	3.6	4.9		UHD 770	1.6		35 W	106 W	Jan 3, 2023	$384
Core i5	13600K	6 (12)		3.5	2.6	5.1	3.9	—			1.5	24 MB	125 W	181 W	Oct 20, 2022	$319
	13600KF									—						$294
	13600 [d]			2.7	2.0	5.0	3.7			UHD 770	1.55		65 W	154 W	Jan 3, 2023	$255
	13600T [d]			1.8	1.3	4.8	3.4						35 W	92 W
	13500 [d]			2.5	1.8		3.5						65 W	154 W		$232
	13500T [d]			1.6	1.2	4.6	3.2						35 W	92 W
	13490F [d]		4 (4)	2.5	1.8	4.8	3.5			—			65 W	148 W	Feb 8, 2023	China exclusive
	13400 [d]			2.5	1.8	4.6	3.3			UHD 730	1.55	20 MB	65 W	148 W	Jan 3, 2023	$221
	13400F [d]									—			65 W	148 W		$196
	13400T [d]			1.3	1.0	4.4	3.0			UHD 730	1.55		35 W	82 W		$221
Core i3	13100 [d]	4 (8)	—	3.4	—	4.5	—				1.5	12 MB	60 W	110 W		$134
	13100F [d]									—			58 W			$109
	13100T [d]			2.5		4.2				UHD 730	1.5		35 W	69 W		$134

Mobile processors

All mobile processors except for the HX series support the following types of memory: DDR5-5200, DDR4-3200, LPDDR5X-6400, LPDDR4X-4267. The HX processors only support: DDR5-4800 (DDR5-5600 for i7-13850HX and above), DDR4-3200.

The processors are connected to PCHs using an OPIO 2.0 x8 interface, except for the HX series which uses a DMI 4.0 x8 interface. ^[30] Except for the HX series, the processor and PCH are packaged together on a multi-chip package.

The HX series uses 45x37.5mm BGA 1964, and the other mobile processors use 25x50mm BGA 1744, on a Type 3 or Type 4 HDI.

Raptor Lake-HX

The HX processors are desktop processors repurposed for mobile use, with all models unlocked for overclocking.

• CPUs in bold support vPro Enterprise and ECC memory support when paired with the WM790 mobile workstation chipset.
• i7-13650HX and above feature Turbo Boost 3.0, which is at the same speed as Turbo Boost 2.0.
• i9-13980HX supports Thermal Velocity Boost to 5.6 GHz

Alder Lake and Raptor Lake mixed models:

• 13700HX, 13450HX

Alder Lake models:

• 13600HX, 13500HX

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)		Base clock (GHz)		Turbo Boost (GHz)		UHD Graphics		Smart cache	TDP		Price (USD) [c]
		P	E	P	E	P	E	EUs	Boost clock (GHz)		Base (cTDP)	Turbo
Core i9	13980HX	8 (16)	16 (16)	2.2	1.6	5.6	4.0	32	1.65	36 MB	55 W (45 W)	157 W	$668
	13950HX					5.5							$590
	13900HX					5.4	3.9						$668
Core i7	13850HX		12 (12)	2.1	1.5	5.3	3.8		1.6	30 MB			$428
	13700HX		8 (8)			5.0	3.7		1.55				$485
	13650HX	6 (12)		2.6	1.9	4.9	3.6	16		24 MB
Core i5	13600HX					4.8		32	1.5				$284
	13500HX			2.5	1.8	4.7	3.5						$326
	13450HX		4 (4)	2.4		4.6	3.4	16	1.45	20 MB

Raptor Lake-H

• The iGPU of CPUs in italic is UHD, not Iris Xe.
• i7-13620H and above feature Turbo Boost 3.0, which is at the same speed as Turbo Boost 2.0.

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)		Base clock (GHz)		Turbo Boost (GHz)		UHD/Iris Xe Graphics		Smart cache	TDP		Price (USD) [c]
		P	E	P	E	P	E	EUs	Boost clock (GHz)		Base (cTDP)	Turbo
Core i9	13900HK	6 (12)	8 (8)	2.6	1.9	5.4	4.1	96	1.5	24 MB	45 W (35 W)	115 W	$697
	13900H												$617
Core i7	13800H			2.5	1.8	5.2	4.0						$457
	13700H			2.4		5.0	3.7						$502
	13620H		4 (4)			4.9	3.6	64
Core i5	13600H	4 (8)	8 (8)	2.8	2.1	4.8		80		18 MB		95 W	$311
	13500H			2.6	1.9	4.7	3.5	80	1.45				$342
	13420H		4 (4)	2.1	1.5	4.6	3.4	48	1.4	12 MB

Raptor Lake-PX

These CPUs use BGA1792.

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)		Base clock (GHz)		Turbo Boost (GHz)		Iris Xe Graphics		Smart cache	TDP		Price (USD) [c]
		P	E	P	E	P	E	EUs	Boost clock (GHz)		Base (cTDP)	Turbo
Core i9	13905H	6 (12)	8 (8)	2.6	1.9	5.4	4.1	96	1.5	24 MB	45 W (35 W)	115 W	$697
Core i7	13705H			2.4	1.8	5.0	3.7						$502
Core i5	13505H	4 (8)		2.6	1.9	4.7	3.5	80	1.45	18 MB			$342

Raptor Lake-P

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)		Base clock (GHz)		Turbo Boost (GHz)		Iris Xe Graphics		Smart cache	TDP		Price (USD) [c]
		P	E	P	E	P	E	EUs	Boost clock (GHz)		Base (cTDP)	Turbo
Core i7	1370P	6 (12)	8 (8)	1.9	1.4	5.2	3.9	96	1.5	24 MB	28 W (20 W)	64 W	$438
	1360P	4 (8)		2.2	1.6	5.0	3.7			18 MB			$480
Core i5	1350P			1.9	1.4	4.7	3.5	80		12 MB			$320
	1340P					4.6	3.4		1.45				$353

Raptor Lake-U

The iGPU of CPUs in italic is UHD, not Iris Xe.

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)		Base clock (GHz)		Turbo Boost (GHz)		UHD/Iris Xe Graphics		Smart cache	TDP		Price (USD) [c]
		P	E	P	E	P	E	EUs	Boost clock (GHz)		Base (cTDP)	Turbo
Core i7	1365U	2 (4)	8 (8)	1.8	1.3	5.2	3.9	96	1.3	12 MB	15 W (12 W)	55 W	$426
	1355U			1.7	1.2	5.0	3.7						$469
Core i5	1345U			1.6	1.2	4.7	3.5	80	1.25				$309
	1335U			1.3	0.9	4.6	3.4						$340
	1334U
Core i3	1315U (with IPU)		4 (4)	1.2	0.9	4.5	3.3	64		10 MB			$309
	1305U	1 (2)		1.6	1.2
Intel Processor	U300			1.2		4.4		48	1.1	8 MB			$193

List of 14th-generation Raptor Lake processors

Desktop processors

Raptor Lake-S Refresh

An iterative refresh of Raptor Lake-S desktop processors were launched as 14th-generation Core processors on October 17, 2023. ^{[16] [17]} Raptor Lake-S Refresh uses the same B0 and C0 silicon steppings as Raptor Lake with no physical changes. ^[31] The most major change with Raptor Lake-S Refresh is that one fewer E-core cluster is disabled in silicon for Core i7 SKUs.

CPUs in bold below feature ECC memory support only when paired with a motherboard based on the W680 chipset according to each respective Intel Ark product page.

• Alder Lake and Raptor Lake mixed models:
  • 14400, 14400F
• Alder Lake models:
  • 14500, 14500T, 14490F, 14400T, 14100, 14100F, 14100T, 300, 300T

Branding	Model	Cores (threads)		Clock rate (GHz)						GPU		Smart cache	TDP		Released	Price (USD) [c]
				Base		Turbo Boost				Model	Max. freq. (GHz)
						2.0		3.0	TVB
		P	E	P	E	P	E	P	P				Base	Turbo
Core i9	14900KS	8 (16)	16 (16)	3.2	2.4	5.7	4.5	5.9	6.2	UHD 770	1.65	36 MB	150 W	253 W	Mar 14, 2024	$689
	14900K					5.6	4.4	5.8	6.0				125 W		Oct 17, 2023	$589
	14900KF									—						$564
	14900			2.0	1.5	5.4	4.3	5.6	5.8	UHD 770	1.65		65 W	219 W	Jan 8, 2024	$549
	14900F									—						$524
	14900T			1.1	0.8	5.1	4.0	5.5	—	UHD 770	1.65		35 W	106 W		$549
Core i7	14790F		8 (8)	2.1	1.5	5.3	4.2	5.4		—			65 W	219 W	Jan 15, 2024	China exclusive
	14700K		12 (12)	3.4	2.5	5.5	4.3	5.6		UHD 770	1.6	33 MB	125 W	253 W	Oct 17, 2023	$409
	14700KF									—						$384
	14700			2.1	1.5	5.3	4.2	5.4		UHD 770	1.6		65 W	219 W	Jan 8, 2024
	14700F									—						$359
	14700T			1.3	0.9	5.0	3.7	5.2		UHD 770	1.6		35 W	106 W		$384
Core i5	14600K	6 (12)	8 (8)	3.5	2.6	5.3	4.0	—			1.55	24 MB	125 W	181 W	Oct 17, 2023	$319
	14600KF									—						$294
	14600			2.7	2.0	5.2	3.9			UHD 770	1.55		65 W	154 W	Jan 8, 2024	$255
	14600T			1.8	1.3	5.1	3.6						35 W	92 W
	14500			2.6	1.9	5.0	3.7						65 W	154 W		$232
	14500T			1.7	1.2	4.8	3.4						35 W	92 W
	14490F		4 (4)	2.8	2.1	4.9	3.7			—			65 W	148 W	Jan 15, 2024	China exclusive
	14400			2.5	1.8	4.7	3.5			UHD 730	1.55	20 MB			Jan 8, 2024	$221
	14400F									—						$196
	14400T			1.5	1.1	4.5	3.2			UHD 730	1.55		35 W	82 W		$221
Core i3	14100	4 (8)	—	3.5	—	4.7	—				1.5	12 MB	60 W	110 W		$134
	14100F									—			58 W			$109
	14100T			2.7		4.4				UHD 730	1.5		35 W	69 W		$134
Intel Processor	300	2 (4)		3.9		—				UHD 710	1.45	6 MB	46 W	—		$82
	300T			3.4									35 W

Embedded processors

Raptor Lake-E Refresh

Embedded Raptor Lake Refresh CPUs lack E-Cores and contain only P-Cores.

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	Clock rate (GHz)		GPU		Smart cache	TDP	Price (USD) [c]
			Base	Turbo	Model	Max. freq. (GHz)
Core i9	14901KE	8 (16)	3.8	5.8	UHD 770	1.65	36 MB	125 W	$557
	14901E		2.8	5.6				65 W
	14901TE		2.3	5.5				45 W
Core i7	14701E		2.6	5.4			33 MB	65 W	$392
	14701TE		2.1	5.2				45 W
Core i5	14501E	6 (12)	3.3			1.55	24 MB	65 W	$239
	14501TE		2.2	5.1				45 W
	14401E		2.5	4.7				65 W	$228
	14401TE		2.0	4.5				45 W

Mobile processors

Raptor Lake-HX Refresh

An iterative refresh of Raptor Lake-HX mobile processors, called the 14th generation of Intel Core, was launched on January 9, 2024. ^[32]

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)		Base clock (GHz)		Turbo Boost (GHz)		UHD Graphics		Smart cache	TDP		Release date	Price (USD) [c]
		P	E	P	E	P	E	EUs	Boost clock (GHz)		Base (cTDP)	Turbo
Core i9	14900HX	8 (16)	16 (16)	2.2	1.6	5.8	4.1	32	1.65	36 MB	55 W (45 W)	157 W	Q1'24	$679
Core i7	14700HX		12 (12)	2.1	1.5	5.5	3.9		1.6	33 MB			Q1'24	$495
	14650HX		8 (8)	2.2	1.6	5.2	3.7	16		30 MB
Core i5	14500HX	6 (12)		2.6	1.9	4.9	3.5	32	1.55	24 MB			Q1'24	$337
	14450HX		4 (4)	2.4	1.8	4.8		16	1.5	20 MB

Server processors

• CPUs support 2-channel DDR5-4800 ECC memory
• 48 PCI Express lanes total between CPU and chipset
  • CPU: x16 PCIe 5.0, x4 PCIe 4.0
  • C260 PCH: x20 PCIe 4.0, x8 PCIe 3.0
• LGA1700 socket

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	Clock rate (GHz)		Smart cache	TDP	Release date	Price (USD) [c]
			Base	Turbo
Xeon E	2488	8 (16)	3.2	5.6	24 MB	95 W	Q4'23	$606
	2478		2.8	5.2		80 W	Q4'23	$556
	2468		2.6	5.2		65 W	Q4'23	$426
	2486	6 (12)	3.5	5.6	18 MB	95 W	Q4'23	$506
	2456		3.3	5.1		80 W	Q4'23	$375
	2436		2.9	4.8		65 W	Q4'23	$319
	2434	4 (8)	3.4	5.0	12 MB	55 W	Q4'23	$281
	2414	4 (4)	2.6	4.5			Q4'23	$213

List of Core Series 1 processors

Mobile processors

These Raptor Lake-based processors are branded as "Core Series 1" vs. the Meteor Lake-based ones which are branded "Core Ultra Series 1."

Raptor Lake-U Refresh

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)		Base clock (GHz)		Turbo Boost (GHz)		Intel Graphics		Smart cache	TDP		Release date	Price (USD) [c]
		P	E	P	E	P	E	EUs	Boost clock (GHz)		Base (cTDP)	Turbo
Core 7	150U	2 (4)	8 (8)	1.8	1.2	5.4	4.0	96	1.3	12 MB	15 W (12 W)	55 W	Q1'24
Core 5	120U			1.4	0.9	5.0	3.8	80	1.25				Q1'24	$340
Core 3	100U (with IPU)		4 (4)	1.2		4.7	3.3	64		10 MB			Q1'24

List of Core Series 2 processors

Mobile processors

These Raptor Lake-based processors are branded as "Core Series 2", Unlike Arrow Lake's "Core Ultra Series 2".

Raptor Lake-U Re-refresh

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)		Base clock (GHz)		Turbo Boost (GHz)		Intel Graphics		Smart cache	TDP		Release date	Price (USD) [c]
		P	E	P	E	P	E	EUs	Boost clock (GHz)		Base (cTDP)	Turbo
Core 7	250U	2 (4)	8 (8)	1.8	1.2	5.4	4.0	96	1.3	12 MB	15 W (12 W)	55 W	Q1'25	$426
Core 5	220U			1.4	0.9	5.0	3.8	80					Q1'25	$309

Raptor Lake-H Re-refresh

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)		Base clock (GHz)		Turbo Boost (GHz)		UHD/Iris Xe Graphics		Smart cache	TDP		Release date	Price (USD) [c]
		P	E	P	E	P	E	EUs	Boost clock (GHz)		Base (cTDP)	Turbo
Core 9	270H	6 (12)	8 (8)	2.7	2.0	5.8	4.1	96	1.55	24 MB	45 W (35 W)	115 W	Q1'25	$697
Core 7	250H			2.5	1.8	5.4	4.0						Q1'25	$502
	240H		4 (4)			5.2		64					Q1'25
Core 5	220H	4 (8)	8 (8)	2.7	2.0	4.9	3.7	80	1.5	18 MB		95 W	Q1'25	$342
	210H		4 (4)	2.2	1.6	4.8	3.6	48	1.4	12 MB			Q1'25

Instability and degradation issue

An example error message of a program crashing that occur on systems with the affected CPUs, which led to an initial assumption of it being an issue related to graphic cards or drivers

In February 2024, reports had begun surfacing of users of K-versions of the 13th- and 14th-generation Core i7 and i9 desktop CPUs commonly experiencing crashing issues in certain workload scenarios, such as video games that use DirectX 12, and HandBrake. ^{[34] [35]} The issue was initially attributed to Nvidia GeForce graphics drivers; however, in a driver update published on April 13, 2024, Nvidia acknowledged the instability problem as being associated with the Intel 13th- and 14th-generation CPUs, and that owners of them should contact Intel customer support for further assistance. ^[36] Some users and game developers worked around the problem by applying lower power limits, undervolting or underclocking the CPU.^{[ citation needed ]}

Analysis

Intel refers to the issue as a "Vmin shift instability"; in other words, the minimum voltage required to operate the chip is increased due to silicon degradation. By April 18, 2024, Intel had a root-cause investigation underway. ^[37]

First round of patching

By April 2024 it was believed by some hardware reviewers to be silicon degradation from power limits being set too high by the motherboard's default settings. ^{[38] [39]} Shortly thereafter, motherboard manufacturers began rolling out BIOS updates which provide an "Intel Baseline Profile" preset in the overclocking menu, which intends to enforce the power limits of the official Intel specification. ^[40] Hardware reviewer Hardwareluxx had found that there is an average performance loss of 9% across a number of applications with the Baseline profile, compared to the motherboard's default profile, when tested using the i9-14900K. ^[38] The BIOS update is also not expected to "fix" any already-compromised CPUs.

In addition, TechSpot found that the Intel Baseline Profile is inconsistent between the motherboard manufacturers (Gigabyte and Asus in particular), with Gigabyte setting a PL2 of 188 W, while Asus sets a PL2 of 253 W which is the official Intel specification. TechSpot further criticized Intel, stating that they had claimed in the past several years that the motherboard manufacturers not adhering to Intel's official specification for power limits were considered normal and "within spec". ^[39]

Despite the attempted Intel Baseline Profile fix through BIOS updates, instances of crashes still continue to be reported as of July 2024, now largely affecting game-server providers equipped with server-grade LGA1700 motherboards. One datacenter service provider reported that it was switching some of its customers to AMD-powered game servers because of the severity of the problems and the lack of prompt fixes. ^{[41] [42]} Gaming laptops have also been found to be affected, although to a lesser degree. ^[43]

Microcode updates

In May 2024 Intel identified a bug within the Enhanced Thermal Velocity Boost (eTVB) algorithm, where the CPU's frequency is not properly reduced under high temperature. This would, in theory, also contribute to accelerated degradation. Intel does not however consider it the root cause of the problem, only it may have been a contributing factor. This is fixed in microcode version 0x125 (June 2024). ^[44]

Again, Intel confirmed that there is no fix to the issue if it already affects a CPU, and any damage to the CPU is permanent. Intel has decided not to halt sales or recall any units. ^[12]

In late July 2024, Intel confirms that even their 65W and non-K Raptor Lake CPUs (especially i7 and i9 tier) are affected by crashing and instability.

In August 2024, Intel identified a problem in the SVID portion of the microcode where overly-high voltages are requested by the CPU. This is fixed in microcode version 0x129. Intel subsequently contacted motherboard manufacturers to produce BIOS updates containing the new microcode, which they did in the same month. ^[45] Users were advised to apply these updates and use the "Intel Default Settings" in their BIOS configuration. ^[46]

In September 2024, Intel identified a further issue in both microcode and BIOS code, where idling the CPU would request an overly high voltage and speed up aging. The physical "root cause" is identified as a "clock tree circuit within the IA core which is particularly vulnerable to reliability aging under elevated voltage and temperature". The fix is released as microcode 0x12B and BIOS updates are again made. No performance impact is expected according to Intel measurements. ^[47]

In May 2025, Intel identified some edge cases not addressed by the 0x12B fix surrounding unresolved degradation in "systems continuously running for multiple days with low-activity and lightly-threaded workloads". The new microcode version is 0x12F. Intel measures no performance difference compared to 0x12B. ^{[48] [49]}

Two-year warranty extension for certain models

On August 2, 2024, Intel announced they would extend warranty for certain retail (boxed) 13th- and 14th-generation Core CPUs by two years. ^{[50] [51] [52]} On August 5, 2024, the company announced they would extend warranty to tray (OEM) CPUs as well. ^[53] The extended warranty will cover the following models, which are affected by Vmin Shift Instability issue:

Processor models with warranty extension

13th-generation Intel Core	14th-generation Intel Core
i9-13900KS	i9-14900KS
i9-13900K	i9-14900K
i9-13900KF	i9-14900KF
i9-13900	i9-14900
i9-13900F	i9-14900F
i7-13790F	i7-14790F
i7-13700K	i7-14700K
i7-13700KF	i7-14700KF
i7-13700	i7-14700
i7-13700F	i7-14700F
i5-13600K	i5-14600K
i5-13600KF	i5-14600KF

See also

• Emerald Rapids, Intel's 5th-generation Xeon server processors based on Raptor Cove microarchitecture and Intel 7 process
• List of Intel CPU microarchitectures

Notes

1. 128 GB by default. A BIOS update must be installed to install 256 GB.
2. Technically dual-channel DDR5 can be considered "quad-channel", as there are 4 × 32-bit memory buses, rather than 2 × 64-bit as is the case with DDR4. See DDR5 SDRAM § DIMMs versus memory chips for more info.
3. Price is Recommended Customer Price (RCP) at launch. RCP is the trade price that processors are sold by Intel to retailers and OEMs. Actual MSRP for consumers is higher.
4. These are likely Alder Lake processors since they do not include increased L2 caches. ^{[28] [29]}

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