In chronology and periodization,an epoch or reference epoch is an instant in time chosen as the origin of a particular calendar era. The "epoch" serves as a reference point from which time is measured.
Korean era names were titles adopted in historical Korea for the purpose of year identification and numbering. Era names were used during the period of Silla,Goguryeo,Balhae,Taebong,Goryeo,Joseon,and the Korean Empire. Various Korean regimes officially adopted the era names of Chinese dynasties.
A calendar era is the period of time elapsed since one epoch of a calendar and,if it exists,before the next one. For example,it is the year 2024 as per the Gregorian calendar,which numbers its years in the Western Christian era.
A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign,from the Latin regnum meaning kingdom,rule. Regnal years considered the date as an ordinal,not a cardinal number. For example,a monarch could have a first year of rule,a second year of rule,a third year of rule,and so on,but not a zeroth year of rule.
The Four-Stage Theory of the Republic of China or the Theory of the Four Stages of the Republic of China is a viewpoint proposed by Chen Shui-bian,the President of the Republic of China from 2000 to 2008,in 2005. It is a viewpoint regarding the political status of the Republic of China,whose government retreated to the island of Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War in 1949. The main idea of the theory is that the time line for the development of the Republic of China can be classified into four stages,which are:
- The Republic of China on the mainland,1912–1949
- The Republic of China arrival to Taiwan,1949–1988,before Lee Teng-hui's presidency
- The Republic of China on Taiwan,1988–2000,during Lee Teng-hui's presidency
- The Republic of China is Taiwan,2000–now,during Chen Shui-bian's presidency
The Vietnamese calendar is a lunisolar calendar that is mostly based on the lunisolar Chinese calendar. As Vietnam's official calendar has been the Gregorian calendar since 1954,the Vietnamese calendar is used mainly to observe lunisolar holidays and commemorations,such as Tết Nguyên Đán and Tết Trung Thu.
The History of Ming is the final official Chinese history included in the Twenty-Four Histories. It consists of 332 volumes and covers the history of the Ming dynasty from 1368 to 1644. It was written by a number of officials commissioned by the court of Qing dynasty,with Zhang Tingyu as the lead editor. The compilation started in the era of the Shunzhi Emperor and was completed in 1739 in the era of the Qianlong Emperor,though most of the volumes were written in the era of the Kangxi Emperor.
The Republic of China national identification card,commonly known as the national identification card of Taiwan,is a compulsory identity document issued to people who hold both nationality and household registration in Taiwan. The National Identification Card served as the evidence for the household registration in Taiwan which grants the holder the right of abode and full civil and political rights in Taiwan. The card is used for virtually all other activities that require identity verification within Taiwan such as opening bank accounts and voting.
The year 2011 problem or the Y1C problem was a potential problem involving computers and computer systems in Taiwan in the night of 31 December 2010 and 1 January 2011.
Republic of China on Taiwan is a political term as well as discourse regarding the present status of the Republic of China. It is proposed by former President of the Republic of China Lee Teng-hui,the first locally-born president. During his presidential tenure in 1995,Lee visited his alma mater Cornell University and mentioned this term for the first time when delivering an Olin Lecture.
The Juche calendar,named after the Juche ideology,is the system of year-numbering used in North Korea. It begins with the birth of Kim Il Sung,the founder of North Korea. His birth year,1912 in the Gregorian calendar,is "Juche 1" in the Juche calendar. The calendar was adopted in 1997,three years after the death of Kim Il Sung.
Chinese era names,also known as reign mottos,were titles used by various Chinese dynasties and regimes in Imperial China for the purpose of year identification and numbering. The first monarch to adopt era names was the Emperor Wu of Han in 140 BCE,and this system remained the official method of year identification and numbering until the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912 CE,when the era name system was superseded by the Republic of China calendar. Other polities in the Sinosphere—Korea,Vietnam and Japan—also adopted the concept of era name as a result of Chinese politico-cultural influence.
The word "type" followed by a number is a common way to name a weapon or product in a production series,similar in meaning to "mark". "Type" was used extensively by the Japanese and Chinese militaries beginning in the 1920s,and is still in current use by the militaries of both nations. The United Kingdom uses a type number system for much of their military equipment. Many other nations use the word "type" to designate products in a series.
Events in the year 1912 in China.
The Republic of China (ROC),or simply China,was a sovereign state based on mainland China from 1912 to 1949 prior to the government's relocation to Taiwan,where it continues to be based today. The ROC was established on 1 January 1912 during the Xinhai Revolution against the Qing dynasty,ending the imperial history of China. The Republican government was ruled by the Kuomintang (KMT) as a one-party state based in Nanjing from 1927,until its flight to Taipei on 7 December 1949 following the KMT's de facto defeat by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the Chinese Civil War. The CCP proclaimed the People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949,while the ROC retains control over the "Free Area",with the political status of Taiwan remaining in dispute to this day.
The Republican Party was a short-lived political party in the Republican era of China from 1912 to 1913.
The adoption of the Gregorian Calendar was an event in the early modern history of most cultures and societies,marking a change from their traditional dating system to the modern dating system –the Gregorian calendar –that is widely used around the world today. Some states adopted the new calendar from 1582,some did not do so before the early twentieth century,and others did so at various dates between. A few still have not,but except for these,the Gregorian calendar is now the world's civil calendar universally,although in many places an old style calendar remains used in religious or traditional contexts. During –and for some time after –the change between systems,it has been common to use the terms "Old Style" and "New Style" when giving dates,to indicate which calendar was used to reckon them.
Kangxi Tongbao refers to an inscription used on Chinese cash coins produced during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty. Under the Kangxi Emperor the weights and standards of the brass cash coins changed several times and the bimetallic system of Qing dynasty coinage was established. Today Kangxi Tongbao cash coins are commonly used as charms and amulets where different forms of superstition have developed arounds its mint marks and calligraphy.
