The 1994 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey were held on November 8, 1994, to determine who would represent the people of New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives. This election coincided with national elections for U.S. House and U.S. Senate. New Jersey had thirteen seats in the House, apportioned according to the 1990 United States census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms.
By flipping the second and eighth districts, Republicans gained a majority in the House delegation for the first time since 1964.[1] These elections were part of a national shift toward the Republican Party in the 1994 elections which has become known as the "Republican Revolution", in which the party won the House for the first time since 1952.
Overview
1994 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey[2]
Because Hughes was retiring and the district was overwhelmingly conservative and Republican, the Republican primary would likely determine the ultimate victor and was the most closely watched in the state. Frank LoBiondo, an assemblyman, former freeholder, and nominee for this district in 1992, faced off against Bill Gormley, a state senator who had run for governor in 1989 and narrowly survived a primary and general election challenge in 1991.[8]
Gormley, though better known, was more moderate than LoBiondo, who campaigned on his strong opposition to taxes and support for reduction in the scope of the federal government, a platform similar to the one on which Governor Christine Todd Whitman had been elected one year prior.[8] Gormley aides later said that they were concerned that emphasizing conservative positions in the primary would make it difficult for their candidate to return to the middle of the political spectrum for the fall general election.[8]
Former governor Thomas Kean endorsed Gormley and campaigned for him in the final weeks.[8]
Kean commented on the result, saying, "I worry about the party ideologically, and I intend to get involved on that side, not on picking candidates. The party has got to get more comfortable with people, including blacks. I think this is the best time to begin addressing some things that are not being addressed."[8]
General election
Candidates
Frank LoBiondo, assemblyman from Vineland and nominee for this district in 1992 (Republican)
Louis N. Magazzu, Vineland city solicitor[9] (Democratic)
Campaign
Without Hughes, a popular and relatively conservative Democrat who had held the district since 1974, out of the race, the district was expected to support a Republican candidate. Republicans outnumbered Democrats in the district by about 85,000 to 75,000, with 150,000 unaffiliated voters.[9] However, party chair Tom Byrne cited Bill Clinton's narrow victory in the district in 1992 as evidence that Magazzu could hold the seat.[10]
LoBiondo campaigned on lower taxes, spending cuts, and a reduction of the federal government. Magazzu stressed crime reduction as the main theme of his campaign, including through stricter gun control legislation.[9] LoBiondo raised more than Magazzu by a 3-to-1 margin and polls showed him with at least a 30-point lead.[9]
Labor unions in the district supported LoBiondo, urging the public to "Vote for the Two Franks," referring to LoBiondo and Democratic U.S. senator Frank Lautenberg, who faced a tough re-election contest.[11]
Klein had won a bitter and expensive race in 1992, and leaders of both parties agreed that the eighth district was the most competitive race in 1994. Both campaigns spent heavily on advertising and were supported by visits from party leaders from outside the state.[13] Republicans sought to unseat the first-term incumbent Klein before he could become entrenched.[11]
Both candidates emphasized crime prevention, as well as taxes, government spending, and the economy.[11][13] Klein cited the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act as the first legislation to increase public safety, while Martini criticized it as "pork-laden", with programs that had little to do with crime prevention. Klein said he had voted against President Bill Clinton's proposed budget because he felt it did not have enough spending cuts; Martini charged that Klein had voted later for all of the spending proposals in the budget and that Klein had repeatedly passed on opportunities to vote for further reductions in the federal budget deficit.[11][13]
Martini declared victory in Totowa at 10:50 p.m. on election night, stating, "I think it's time that we have a chance to bring forth to the American people the policies that they want, the policies of opportunity."[11] Klein conceded shortly thereafter, saying, "Politics is like the ocean; it ebbs and it flows. Unfortunately, we were in a down period, but I know that I have served with pride."[11]
Incumbent Republican Dean Gallo initially ran for re-election, but he withdrew from the race in August due to terminal prostate cancer. In the open race to succeed him, Republican Party committee members selected Rodney Frelinghuysen, who easily defeated Frank Herbert. This district consisted of all of Morris County and parts of Essex, Passaic, Somerset, and Sussex counties.
In the Republican primary, Gallo defeated a strenuous challenge from three candidates, including future state senator Joe Pennacchio. In the Democratic primary, Herbert won over John Kucek, a self-declared Christian nationalist and supporter of David Duke. As of 2025, Herbert remains the only candidate in New Jersey history to win a primary for Congress as a write-in candidate.
After Gallo withdrew from the race in August, Republican committee members from the district selected Rodney Frelinghuysen, whom Gallo had designated as his successor, as a replacement nominee. Frelinghuysen received 662 votes, well ahead of the runner-up Jeff Grow, who received 27.[14]
Frelinghuysen, who had run unsuccessfully in another district in 1982 and 1990, announced his campaign with Gallo's support on the same day Gallo withdrew. He also had support from the Morris and Essex Republican parties and U.S. Senate nominee Chuck Haytaian, clearing the field quickly of any other serious candidates.[15]
Results
The special convention to designate a replacement was held on September 12.[15]
Although the Democratic primary in this district was usually ignored, it gained wide public attention when Daniel G. Tauriello, the party's preferred choice, was disqualified from the ballot after about one dozen of his petition signatures were challenged by John Kucek, an outspoken Holocaust revisionist and supporter of David Duke, leaving Kucek as the only candidate on the ballot.[16]
In response, party leaders and Jewish groups recruited former state senator Frank Herbert as a write-in candidate for the nomination.[16] Kucek defend himself by stating, "I'm not anti-Semitic or anti-Jewish; I'm pro-American."[16]
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
