Glamour photography

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Marilyn Monroe photographed by Earl Moran c. 1950 Marilyn Monroe. Earl Moran.jpg
Marilyn Monroe photographed by Earl Moran c.1950

Glamour photography is a genre of photography in which the subjects are portrayed in attractive poses ranging from fully clothed to nude, and often erotic. Photographers use a combination of cosmetics, lighting and airbrushing techniques to produce an appealing image of the subject. [1] [2] The focus lies in the beauty of the subject's body or portrait; [3] as such, beauty standards are often a key determinant of glamour model trends. [4] A popular subset of this type of photography is "pin-up", for women, and "beefcake", for men. [5] [6]

Contents

Since glamour photography can include nudity, in such cases the distinction from softcore pornography is largely a matter of taste, although depictions of sexual contact are not considered within this genre and are considered pornographic. Glamour photography is generally a composed image of a subject in a still position. The subjects of glamour photography for professional use are often professional models, and the photographs are normally intended for commercial use, including mass-produced calendars, pinups and men's magazines such as Maxim ; but amateur subjects are also sometimes used, and sometimes the photographs are intended for private and personal use only.

History

Until the latter half of the 20th century glamour photography was usually referred to as erotic photography.[ citation needed ] Early erotic photography was often associated with "French postcards", small postcard sized images, that were sold by street vendors in France. In the early 1900s the pinup became popular and depicted scantily dressed women, often in a playful pose, seemingly surprised or startled by the viewer. The subject would usually have an expression of delight which seemed to invite the viewer to come and play.[ citation needed ] During World War II, pin-up pictures of scantily clad movie stars were extremely popular among American servicemen. Betty Grable was one of the most famous pin-up models of all time; her pinup in a bathing suit was extremely popular with World War II soldiers.[ citation needed ]

In December 1953, Marilyn Monroe was featured in the first issue of Playboy magazine. Bettie Page was the Playboy Playmate of the Month in January 1955. Playboy was the first magazine featuring nude erotic photography to receive mainstream attention. Penthouse was the second such magazine to achieve this.

Glamour models popular in the early 1990s included Hope Talmons and Dita Von Teese and the modern era is represented in the U.S. by models like Heidi Van Horne and Bernie Dexter, while leading representatives of the genre in the UK include Katie Price and Lucy Pinder.[ citation needed ]

Magazines and movie stars

Publicity portrait of Elizabeth Taylor from c. 1955 Taylor, Elizabeth posed.jpg
Publicity portrait of Elizabeth Taylor from c.1955

Standards and styles of glamour photography change over time, reflecting for example changes in social acceptance and taste. In the early 1920s, United States photographers like Ruth Harriet Louise and George Hurrell photographed celebrities to glamorize their stature by utilizing lighting techniques to develop dramatic effects. [7] [8]

Until the 1950s, glamour photography in advertising and in men's magazines was highly controversial or even illegal.[ citation needed ] In some countries, if not illegal, such magazines could not be on public display, and some had to be displayed in a plastic cover. Magazines featuring glamour photography were sometimes marketed as "art magazines" or "health magazines".

Since the 1990s and especially in the 2010s, glamour photography has increased in popularity among the public. In more formal settings, glamour portrait studios have opened, offering professional hair and makeup artists and professional retouching to allow the general public to have the "model" experience. These sometimes include boudoir portraits but are more commonly used by professionals and high school seniors who want to look their best for their portraits.

As photography has become widely adopted through the use of smartphones, glamour photography has become a popular type of content featured on social media, particularly on Instagram. Instagram models and influencers posting glamour photography-type content have attracted heavy scrutiny from the general public, and are blamed for contributing to rising rates of depression and anxiety in the West. [9]

See also

Further reading

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Erotica</span> Category of sexually stimulating media

Erotica is art, literature or photography that deals substantively with subject matter that is erotic, sexually stimulating or sexually arousing. Some critics regard pornography as a type of erotica, but many consider it to be different. Erotic art may use any artistic form to depict erotic content, including painting, sculpture, drama, film or music. Erotic literature and erotic photography have become genres in their own right. Erotica also exists in a number of subgenres including gay, lesbian, women's, monster, tentacle erotica and bondage erotica.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fetish model</span> Person employed to display, advertise and promote extreme provocative attire

A fetish model is a model who models fetish clothing or accessories that augment their body in a fetish-like manner or in fetishistic situations. Fetish models do not necessarily work exclusively in that form of modeling.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bettie Page</span> American pin-up model (1923–2008)

Bettie Mae Page was an American model who gained notoriety in the 1950s for her pin-up photos. She was often referred to as the "Queen of Pinups": her long jet-black hair, blue eyes, and trademark bangs have influenced artists for generations. After her death, Playboy founder Hugh Hefner called her "a remarkable lady, an iconic figure in pop culture who influenced sexuality, taste in fashion, someone who had a tremendous impact on our society".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pin-up model</span> Model whose mass-produced pictures see wide appeal as popular culture

A pin-up model is a model whose mass-produced pictures and photographs have wide appeal within the popular culture of a society. Pin-up models are usually glamour models, actresses, or fashion models whose pictures are intended for informal and aesthetic display, known for being pinned onto a wall. From the 1940s, pictures of pin-up girls were also known as cheesecake in the U.S.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beefcake</span> Form of glamour photography

Beefcake is a performance or a form of glamour photography depicting a large and muscular male body. Beefcake is also a publication genre. A role a person plays in a performance may be called beefcake. The term was believed to be first used by Hollywood columnist Sidney Skolsky.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bunny Yeager</span> American photographer and pin-up model (1929–2014)

Linnea Eleanor "Bunny" Yeager was an American photographer and pin-up model.

George Edward Hurrell was a photographer who contributed to the image of glamour presented by Hollywood during the 1930s and 1940s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pornographic magazine</span> Magazines that contain content of an explicitly sexual nature

Pornographic magazines or erotic magazines, sometimes known as adult magazines or sex magazines, are magazines that contain content of an explicitly sexual nature. Publications of this kind may contain images of attractive naked subjects, as is the case in softcore pornography, and, in the usual case of hardcore pornography, depictions of masturbation, oral, manual, vaginal, or anal sex.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Erotic photography</span> Art photography using erotica, and sexually suggestive appeals

Erotic photography is a style of art photography of an erotic, sexually suggestive or sexually provocative nature. It is a type of erotic art.

Peter Andrew Gowland was a famous American glamour photographer and actor. He was known for designing and building his own studio equipment and was active professionally for six decades with his business partner, Alice Beatrice Adams, whom he married in 1941.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Depictions of nudity</span> Visual representations of the nude human form

Depictions of nudity include all of the representations or portrayals of the unclothed human body in visual media. In a picture-making civilization, pictorial conventions continually reaffirm what is natural in human appearance, which is part of socialization. In Western societies, the contexts for depictions of nudity include information, art and pornography. Information includes both science and education. Any ambiguous image not easily fitting into one of these categories may be misinterpreted, leading to disputes. The most contentious disputes are between fine art and erotic images, which define the legal distinction of which images are permitted or prohibited.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Physique magazine</span> Magazine genre

Physique magazines or beefcake magazines were magazines devoted to physique photography — that is, photographs of muscular "beefcake" men – typically young and attractive – in athletic poses, usually in revealing, minimal clothing. During their heyday in North America in the 1950s to 1960s, they were presented as magazines dedicated to fitness, health, and bodybuilding, with the models often shown demonstrating exercises or the results of their regimens, or as artistic reference material. However, their unstated primary purpose was erotic imagery, primarily created by and for gay men at a time when homosexuality was the subject of cultural taboos and government censorship.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Handbra</span> Covering nipples and areolas with ones hands or arms

A handbra is the practice of covering female nipples and areolae with hands or arms. It often is done in compliance with censors' guidelines, public authorities and community standards when female breasts are required to be covered in film or other media. If the arms are used instead of the hands the expression is arm bra. The use of long hair for this purpose is called a hair bra. Moreover, a handbra may also be used by women to cover their breasts to maintain their modesty, when they find themselves with their breasts uncovered in front of others.

Boudoir photography is a photographic style featuring intimate, sensual, romantic, and sometimes erotic images of its subjects in a photographic studio, bedroom or private dressing room environment, primarily intended for the private enjoyment of the subjects and their romantic partners. It is distinct from glamour and art nude photography in that it is usually more suggestive rather than explicit in its approach to nudity and sexuality, features subjects who do not regularly model, and produces images that are not intended to be seen by a wide audience, but rather to remain under the control of the subject.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nude photography</span> Photography of the naked human body

Nude photography is the creation of any photograph which contains an image of a nude or semi-nude person, or an image suggestive of nudity. Nude photography is undertaken for a variety of purposes, including educational uses, commercial applications and artistic creations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ken Marcus</span> American photographer

Ken Marcus is an American photographer, best known for his work in glamour and erotic photography with Penthouse and Playboy magazines and for his own website. For over 40 years he has produced hundreds of centerfolds, editorials, album covers, and advertisements. For many years, Marcus has lectured and conducted workshops in the US and internationally.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nude photography (art)</span> Artistic photography of the naked human body

Fine art nude photography is a genre of fine-art photography which depicts the nude human body with an emphasis on form, composition, emotional content, and other aesthetic qualities. The nude has been a prominent subject of photography since its invention, and played an important role in establishing photography as a fine art medium. The distinction between fine art photography and other subgenres is not absolute, but there are certain defining characteristics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Erotic photography model</span> Person who models for erotic photographs

An erotic photography model or erotic model poses for sensual or erotic photography which is used in exhibitions, art galleries, books, magazines, calendars, as well in other formats, mostly internet, DVDs and magazines. Erotic models pose in an explicit manner, rather than in artistic or implied styles where not everything is shown. The model can pose nude or wear lingerie, swimsuits, etc. No qualifications are required to work as an erotic model beyond being of legal age. The themes used in erotic photoshoots can be diverse, and it is up to the model and photographer to determine what the shoot will entail, so the model has to be aware of their limits.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Physique photography</span>

Physique photography is a tradition of photography of nude or semi-nude men which was largely popular between the early 20th century and the 1960s. Physique photography originated with the physical culture and bodybuilding movements of the early 20th century, but was gradually co-opted by homosexual producers and consumers, who favoured increasingly homoerotic content. The practiced reached its height in the 1950s and early 1960s with the inception of physique magazines, which existed largely to showcase physique photographs and were widely consumed by a mostly-gay audience.

References

  1. Thomas, Mike (May 12, 1994). "Glamour Shots Take Writer from Bland to Bond". Toronto Star . Orlando Sentinel. Section B, p. J.3.
  2. Peterson, Maggie Wolff (September 1994). "The Glamour Side of Photography". North Valley Business Journal. 5 (11). Section 1, p. 1. ProQuest   211586981. (As cited by ProQuest (subscription required).) Publisher's website.
  3. Downey, G. W. (June 2011). "An American travesty". UNED Research Journal. 5 (2): 23–31. ISSN   0093-7061. PMID   1659.
  4. Coy, Maddy; Garner, Maria (November 2010). "Glamour modelling and the marketing of self-sexualization: critical reflections". International Journal of Cultural Studies . 13 (6): 657–675. doi:10.1177/1367877910376576. S2CID   145230875.
  5. Rosenberg, David (12 April 2015). slate.com; "The Secret History of Hunky Male Beefcakes".
  6. Murray, Jessica (2021-03-05). "How the term cheesecake pinup originated". VintageReveries - Vintage Fashion Shop and Blog. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
  7. LaSalle, Mick (January 16, 1995). "Lights Up on Hollywood's Hurrell / Special focuses on the inventor of the glamour-shot style". San Francisco Chronicle .(subscription required)
  8. "Legends in Light: The Hollywood Photography of George Hurrell". Hurrell Estate Collection. Archived from the original on 31 May 2009. Retrieved January 16, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  9. Scott, Elfy (30 August 2018). "Instagram Has Some Pretty Huge Effects On Our Psychology, Here's Everything We Know So Far". BuzzFeed. Retrieved 2022-10-17.