STX2

Last updated
STX2
Identifiers
Aliases STX2 , EPIM, EPM, STX2A, STX2B, STX2C, syntaxin 2
External IDs OMIM: 132350 MGI: 108059 HomoloGene: 37559 GeneCards: STX2
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

2054

13852

Ensembl

ENSG00000111450

ENSMUSG00000029428

UniProt

P32856

Q00262

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001286033
NM_001286034
NM_007941
NM_001359022

RefSeq (protein)

n/a

Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 130.79 – 130.84 Mb Chr 5: 129.06 – 129.09 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Syntaxin-2, also known as epimorphin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX2 gene. [5] [6] [7]

Contents

The product of this gene belongs to the syntaxin/epimorphin family of proteins. The syntaxins are a large protein family implicated in the targeting and fusion of intracellular transport vesicles. The product of this gene regulates epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and epithelial cell morphogenesis and activation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [7] When the N terminus is on the cytosolic face it acts as a t-SNARE involved in intracellular vesicle docking and is called Syntaxin-2. When flipped inside out, i.e. N terminus hangs out on the extracellular surface (by some nonclassical secretion pathway) it acts as a versatile morphogen and is called epimorphin. This membrane protein enjoys the double choice of another form of topological alternatives of being targeted to either apical or basolateral surface of an epithelial cell in a regulated way depending on various contexts. When expressed by mesenchymal cells it can instruct epithelial morphogenesis at epithelial mesenchymal interfaces.

Interactions

STX2 has been shown to interact with SNAP-25, [8] [9] SNAP23, [9] [10] [11] [12] STXBP1 [8] [13] and Syntaxin binding protein 3. [13]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SNAP25</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Synaptosomal-Associated Protein, 25kDa (SNAP-25) is a Target Soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) Attachment Protein Receptor (t-SNARE) protein encoded by the SNAP25 gene found on chromosome 20p12.2 in humans. SNAP-25 is a component of the trans-SNARE complex, which accounts for membrane fusion specificity and directly executes fusion by forming a tight complex that brings the synaptic vesicle and plasma membranes together.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STX1A</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Syntaxin-1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX1A gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SNAP23</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Synaptosomal-associated protein 23 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNAP23 gene. Two alternative transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described for this gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STX4</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Syntaxin-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX4 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SYT1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Synaptotagmin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SYT1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VAMP2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAMP2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STXBP1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Syntaxin-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STXBP1 gene. This gene encodes a syntaxin-binding protein. The encoded protein appears to play a role in release of neurotransmitters via regulation of syntaxin, a transmembrane attachment protein receptor. Mutations in this gene have been associated with neurological disorders including epilepsy, intellectual disability, and movement disorders.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STX7</span> Human protein and coding gene

Syntaxin-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX7 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STX6</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Syntaxin-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX6 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VAMP3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAMP3 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STX5</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Syntaxin-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX5 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STX12</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Syntaxin-12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX12 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STX8</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Syntaxin-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX8 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GOSR1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GOSR1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Syntaxin binding protein 2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Syntaxin-binding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STXBP2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Syntaxin binding protein 3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Syntaxin-binding protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STXBP3 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VAMP1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Vesicle-associated membrane protein 1 (VAMP1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAMP1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STX1B</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Syntaxin-1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX1B gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Syntaxin 3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Syntaxin 3, also known as STX3, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the STX3 gene.

Munc-18 proteins are the mammalian homologue of UNC-18 and are a member of the Sec1/Munc18-like (SM) protein family. Munc-18 proteins have been identified as essential components of the synaptic vesicle fusion protein complex and are crucial for the regulated exocytosis of neurons and neuroendocrine cells.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000111450 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029428 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ↑ Zha H, Remmers EF, Szpirer C, Szpirer J, Zhang H, Kozak CA, Wilder RL (Nov 1996). "The epimorphin gene is highly conserved among humans, mice, and rats and maps to human chromosome 7, mouse chromosome 5, and rat chromosome 12". Genomics. 37 (3): 386–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0574. PMID   8938452.
  6. ↑ Band AM, Kuismanen E (Jun 2005). "Localization of plasma membrane t-SNAREs syntaxin 2 and 3 in intracellular compartments". BMC Cell Biology. 6 (1): 26. doi: 10.1186/1471-2121-6-26 . PMC   1156879 . PMID   15943887.
  7. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: STX2 syntaxin 2".
  8. 1 2 Hata Y, Südhof TC (Jun 1995). "A novel ubiquitous form of Munc-18 interacts with multiple syntaxins. Use of the yeast two-hybrid system to study interactions between proteins involved in membrane traffic". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (22): 13022–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.22.13022 . PMID   7768895.
  9. 1 2 Ravichandran V, Chawla A, Roche PA (Jun 1996). "Identification of a novel syntaxin- and synaptobrevin/VAMP-binding protein, SNAP-23, expressed in non-neuronal tissues". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (23): 13300–3. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.23.13300 . PMID   8663154.
  10. ↑ Imai A, Nashida T, Yoshie S, Shimomura H (Aug 2003). "Intracellular localisation of SNARE proteins in rat parotid acinar cells: SNARE complexes on the apical plasma membrane". Archives of Oral Biology. 48 (8): 597–604. doi:10.1016/S0003-9969(03)00116-X. PMID   12828989.
  11. ↑ Li G, Alexander EA, Schwartz JH (May 2003). "Syntaxin isoform specificity in the regulation of renal H+-ATPase exocytosis". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (22): 19791–7. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M212250200 . PMID   12651853.
  12. ↑ Araki S, Tamori Y, Kawanishi M, Shinoda H, Masugi J, Mori H, Niki T, Okazawa H, Kubota T, Kasuga M (May 1997). "Inhibition of the binding of SNAP-23 to syntaxin 4 by Munc18c". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 234 (1): 257–62. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6560. hdl: 20.500.14094/D2002245 . PMID   9168999.
  13. 1 2 Schraw TD, Lemons PP, Dean WL, Whiteheart SW (Aug 2003). "A role for Sec1/Munc18 proteins in platelet exocytosis". The Biochemical Journal. 374 (Pt 1): 207–17. doi:10.1042/BJ20030610. PMC   1223584 . PMID   12773094.

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.