Syntaxin-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX8 gene. [5] [6] [7] Syntaxin 8 directly interacts with HECTd3 and has similar subcellular localization. [8] The protein has been shown to form the SNARE complex with syntaxin 7, vti1b and endobrevin. These function as the machinery for the homotypic fusion of late endosomes. [9]
| Characteristic | Phenotype |
|---|---|
| Homozygote viability | Normal |
| Body weight | Normal |
| Anxiety | Normal |
| Neurological assessment | Normal |
| Grip strength | Normal |
| Hot plate | Normal |
| Dysmorphology | Normal |
| Indirect calorimetry | Normal |
| Glucose tolerance test | Normal |
| Auditory brainstem response | Normal |
| DEXA | Normal |
| Radiography | Normal |
| Body temperature | Normal |
| Eye morphology | Normal |
| Clinical chemistry | Normal |
| Haematology | Normal |
| Peripheral blood lymphocytes | Normal |
| Micronucleus test | Normal |
| Heart weight | Normal |
| Skin Histopathology | Normal |
| Brain histopathology | Normal |
| Eye Histopathology | Normal |
| Salmonella infection | Normal [10] |
| Citrobacter infection | Normal [11] |
| All tests and analysis from [12] [13] |
Model organisms have been used in the study of STX8 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Stx8tm2a(EUCOMM)Wtsi [14] [15] was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program—a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists—at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. [16] [17] [18] Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. [12] [19] Twenty four tests were carried out on homozygous mutant adult mice, however no significant abnormalities were observed. [12]
STX8 has been shown to interact with Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8, [20] VTI1B [21] [22] and STX7. [20]
SNARE proteins – "SNAPREceptor" – are a large protein family consisting of at least 24 members in yeasts, more than 60 members in mammalian cells, and some numbers in plants. The primary role of SNARE proteins is to mediate vesicle fusion – the fusion of vesicles with the target membrane; this notably mediates exocytosis, but can also mediate the fusion of vesicles with membrane-bound compartments. The best studied SNAREs are those that mediate the neurotransmitter release of synaptic vesicles in neurons. These neuronal SNAREs are the targets of the neurotoxins responsible for botulism and tetanus produced by certain bacteria.
Syntaxin 11, also known as STX11, is a human gene that is a member of the t-SNARE family.
Syntaxin-1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX1A gene.
Synaptosomal-associated protein 23 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNAP23 gene. Two alternative transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described for this gene.
Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAMP2 gene.
Synaptobrevin-like protein 1 (SYBL1), also known as vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP7), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAMP7, or SYBL1, gene.
Syntaxin-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX7 gene.
Syntaxin-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX6 gene.
N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor Attachment Protein Alpha, also known as SNAP-α, is a SNAP protein that is involved in the intra-cellular trafficking and fusing of vesicles to target membranes in cells.
Vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAMP3 gene.
Syntaxin-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX5 gene.
Syntaxin-12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX12 gene.
Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAMP8 gene.
Synaptosomal-associated protein 29 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNAP29 gene.
Vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs homolog 1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VTI1B gene.
Syntaxin-16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX16 gene.
Syntaxin 3, also known as STX3, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the STX3 gene.
Syntaxin-10 (STX10) is a SNARE protein that is encoded by the STX10 gene. This protein is found in most vertebrates but is noticeably absent from mice. As with other SNARE proteins, STX10 facilitates vesicle fusion and thus is important for intracellular trafficking of proteins and other cellular components. More specifically, STX10 has been implicated in endosome to Golgi trafficking of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor and glucose transporter type 4.
Vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs homolog 1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VTI1A gene.
Syntaxin 17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX17 gene. In horses a duplication in intron 6 causes progressive graying.
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