Tall ship

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A tall ship from above anchored off of Newlyn in Cornwall Tall ship off of Newlyn 3.jpg
A tall ship from above anchored off of Newlyn in Cornwall
Group of "tall ships" at Hanse Sail 2010 Hanse sail 2010 warnemuende einlaufen.jpg
Group of "tall ships" at Hanse Sail 2010

A tall ship is a large, traditionally-rigged sailing vessel. Popular modern tall ship rigs include topsail schooners, brigantines, brigs and barques. "Tall ship" can also be defined more specifically by an organization, such as for a race or festival.

Contents

History

The tall ship Kruzenshtern Kruzenshterns for.jpg
The tall ship Kruzenshtern
More than 36 tall ships participated in the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar in Portsmouth, part of the fleet of 167 naval, merchant and tall ships from 36 countries Portsmouthsunset.jpg
More than 36 tall ships participated in the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar in Portsmouth, part of the fleet of 167 naval, merchant and tall ships from 36 countries

Traditional rigging may include square rigs and gaff rigs, usually with separate topmasts and topsails. It is generally more complex than modern rigging, which utilizes newer materials such as aluminum and steel to construct taller, lightweight masts with fewer, more versatile sails. Most smaller, modern vessels use the Bermuda rig.

Author and master mariner Joseph Conrad (who spent 1874 to 1894 at sea in tall ships and was quite particular about naval terminology) used the term "tall ship" in his works; [1] for example, in The Mirror of the Sea in 1906. [2]

Henry David Thoreau also references the term "tall ship" in his first work, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers , quoting "Down out at its mouth, the dark inky main blending with the blue above. Plum Island, its sand ridges scolloping along the horizon like the sea-serpent, and the distant outline broken by many a tall ship, leaning, still, against the sky." He does not cite this quotation, but the work was written in 1849. [3]

While Sail Training International (STI) has extended the definition of tall ship for the purpose of its races to embrace any sailing vessel with more than 30 ft (9.14 m) waterline length and on which at least half the people on board are aged 15 to 25. [4]

Sail Training International

The masts and yards of a brig RigFromAbove.jpg
The masts and yards of a brig
Crew aloft, tending sails GoingAloft.jpg
Crew aloft, tending sails

In the 21st century, "tall ship" is often used generically for large, classic, sailing vessels, but is also a technically defined term by Sail Training International for its purposes and STI helped popularize the term. The exact definitions have changed somewhat over time, and are subject to various technicalities, but by 2011 there were 4 classes (A, B, C, and D). There are only two size classes, A is over 40 m LOA, and B/C/D are 9.14 m to under 40 m LOA. The definitions have to do with rigging: class A is for square sail rigged ships, class B is for "traditionally rigged" ships, class C is for "modern rigged" vessels with no "spinnaker-like sails", and class D is the same as class C but carrying a spinnaker-like sail. [4]

Class A

Russian Sedov at the Kantasatama Harbour in Kotka, Finland, during the Tall Ships' Races 2017 Sedov in TSR at Kotka July 2017 2.jpg
Russian Sedov at the Kantasatama Harbour in Kotka, Finland, during the Tall Ships’ Races 2017

All square-rigged vessels (barque, barquentine, brig, brigantine or ship rigged) and all other vessels more than 40 metres length overall (LOA), regardless of rig. STI classifies its A Class as "all square-rigged vessels and all other vessels over 40 metres (131 ft) length overall (LOA)", in this case STI LOA excludes bowsprit and aft spar. STI defines LOA as "Length overall measured from the fore side of stem post to aft side of stern post, counter or transom". [5]

Class A Tall Ships
Current
name
Current nationalityOriginal
delivery
MastRigLength excluding
bowsprit [m]
Beam [m]
Alexander von Humboldt II Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 20113 Barque 6010.8
Alpha Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 19482 Barquentine 8.9
Amerigo Vespucci Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 19313 Full-rigged ship 82.415.8
Belem Flag of France.svg  France 18963 Barque 518.8
Bima Suci Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 20173 Barque 111.2013.65
Capitain Miranda Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay 19303 Staysail Schooner 50.37.9
Christian Radich Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 19373 Full-rigged ship 62.59.7
Cisne Branco Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 19993 Full-rigged ship 60.510.7
Constitution Flag of the United States.svg  United States 17973 Full-rigged ship 6213.26
CreoleFlag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 19273 Schooner 42.78.9
Creoula Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 19374 Schooner 62.29.9
Cuauhtemoc Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 19823 Barque 67.212.0
Danmark Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 19323 Full-rigged ship 59.810.1
Dar Młodzieży Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 19823 Full-rigged ship 94.814.0
Dewaruci Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 19533 Barquentine 49.79.4
DruzhbaFlag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 19873 Full-rigged ship 94.214
Eagle Flag of the United States.svg  United States 19363 Barque 80.711.9
Eendracht Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 19893 Gaff Schooner 55.312.2
Elissa Flag of the United States.svg  United States 18773 Barque 45.48.5
Esmeralda Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 19534 Barquentine 94.1313.1
Eugene EugenidesFlag of Greece.svg  Greece 19593 Topgallant Schooner 9.2
Europa Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 19113 Barque 44.57.3
Gazela Flag of the United States.svg  United States 19013 Barquentine 42.77.9
Georg Stage (II)Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 19353 Full-rigged ship 428.5
Gloria Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia 19683 Barque 6710.7
Golden QuestFlag of Tuvalu.svg  Tuvalu 19453 Barque 487.5
Gorch Fock (I) Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 19333 Barque 73.711.9
Gorch Fock (II) Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 19583 Barque 81.211.9
Greif Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 19502 Brigantine 7.4
Großherzogin Elizabeth Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 19083 Gaff Schooner 538.2
Guayas Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador 19773 Barque 56.1010.4
Iskra (II)Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 19823 Barquentine 407.9
Italia Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 19932 Brigantine 53.79.16
Jadran Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 19333 Topsail Schooner 8.9
James Craig Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 18743 Barque 54.89.5
JessicaFlag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 19833 Topsail Schooner 6.7
Juan Sebastián Elcano Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 19274 Topsail Schooner 94.1313.1
Juan Bautista Cambiaso Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic 20093 Barquentine 54.608.5
Kaiwo Maru II Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 19894 Barque 89.013.8
Kaliakra Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 19843 Barquentine 43.27.9
Khersones Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 19893 Full-rigged ship 94.814.0
Kruzenshtern Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 19264 Barque 9514.0
Leeuwin II Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 19863 Barquentine 41.29.0
Libertad Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 19603 Full-rigged ship 91.713.7
La Grace Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 20102 Brig 32.86.06
Lord NelsonFlag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 19853 Barque 40.28.5
Mercator Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 19323 Barquentine 6811.9
MeridianFlag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 19483 Barquentine 8.9
Mir Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 19873 Full-rigged ship 94.814.0
Mircea Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 19383 Barque 73.712.5
Morgenster Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 19192 Brig 38.06.0
U.S. Brig Niagara Flag of the United States.svg  United States 19882 Brig 37.59.8
Nippon Maru Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 19844 Barque 89.013.8
Oosterschelde Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 19183 Topsail Schooner 40.127.5
Palinuro Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 19343 Barquentine 58.710.1
Pallada Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 19893 Full-rigged ship 94.214.0
Peacemaker Flag of the United States.svg  United States 19893 Barquentine 3810.4
Picton Castle Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 19283 Barque 45.27.3
Pogoria Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 19803 Barquentine 40.97.9
Rah Naward Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 20012 Brig 40.69.9
Roald Amundsen Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 19522 Brig 40.87.2
Royal Albatross Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 20014 Barquentine 47.07.6
Royal Clipper Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 20005 Full-rigged ship 134.816.5
Sagres Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 19373 Barque 81.311.9
Santa Maria Manuela Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 19374 Schooner 62.49.9
Sedov Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 19214 Barque 108.714.6
Shabab Oman Flag of Oman.svg  Oman 19713 Barquentine 43.98.5
Simón Bolívar Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela 19793 Barque 70.010.4
Sørlandet Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 19273 Full-rigged ship 56.79.6
Spirit of New Zealand Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 19863 Barquentine 33.29.0
Stad Amsterdam Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 20003 Full-rigged ship 62.410.5
Statsraad Lehmkuhl Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 19143 Barque 84.612.6
Star of India Flag of the United States.svg  United States 18633 Barque 62.510.7
Stavros S Niarchos Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 20002 Brig 40.69.9
Sudarshini Flag of India.svg  India 20113 Barque 54.08.5
Surprise (ex Rose) Flag of the United States.svg  United States 19703 Full-rigged ship 54.69.8
Tarangini Flag of India.svg  India 19973 Barque 54.08.5
Thor HeyerdahlFlag of Germany.svg  Germany 19303 Topsail Schooner 42.56.5
UnicornFlag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 19482 Brig 7.3
Unión Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 20144 Barque 99.013.5
Varuna Flag of India.svg  India 19813 Barque 54.08.5
Young AmericaFlag of the United States.svg  United States 19752 Brigantine 7.2
Young Endeavour Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 19862 Brigantine 357.8
Historical
NameLast nationalityOriginal
delivery
MastRigEnd
Alexander von Humboldt Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 19063 Barque Sold 2011/ relocated to Caribbean, 2013 returned to Germany; currently docked
Bounty Flag of the United States.svg  United States 19603 Full-rigged ship Sank 2012
Concordia Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 19923 Barquentine Sank 2010
DunayFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union 19283 Full-rigged ship Burned 1963
Prince WilliamFlag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 20012 Brig Sold (2010); now a sail training ship of the Pakistan Navy with the name Rah Naward
Sagres Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 18963 Barque Replaced by the third Sagres in 1961. Sold (1983); now permanently moored in Hamburg, Germany with the name Rickmer Rickmers
Sarmiento Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 18973 Full-rigged ship Museum ship, moored in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Uruguay Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 18743 Barque Museum ship, moored in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Class B

Traditionally rigged vessels (i.e. gaff rigged sloops, ketches, yawls and schooners) with an LOA of less than 40 metres and with a waterline length (LWL) of at least 9.14 metres, one good example is Spirit of Bermuda .

Class C

Modern rigged vessels (i.e. Bermudan rigged sloops, ketches, yawls and schooners) with an LOA of less than 40 metres and with a waterline length (LWL) of at least 9.14 metres not carrying spinnaker-like sails.

Class C Tall Ships
Current
name
Current nationalityOriginal
delivery
MastRigLength excluding
bowsprit [m]
Beam [m]
Caroly Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 19482 yawl 23.664.8
Capricia Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 19632 yawl 22.565.03
Stella Polare Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 19652 yawl 21.474.89
Corsaro II Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 19612 yawl 20.94.7

Class D

Modern rigged vessels (i.e. Bermudan-rigged sloops, ketches, yawls and schooners) with an LOA of less than 40 metres and with a waterline length (LWL) of at least 9.14 metres carrying spinnaker-like sails. There are also a variety of other rules and regulations for the crew, such as ages, and also for a rating rule. There are other sail festivals and races with their own standards, the STI is just one set of standards for their purposes.

Earlier description of classes

An older definition of class "A" by the STI was "all square-rigged vessels over 120′ (36.6 m) length overall (LOA). Fore and aft rigged vessels of 160′ (48.8 m) (LOA) and over". By LOA they meant length excluding bowsprit and aft spar. [6]

Class "B" was "all fore and aft rigged vessels between 100 and 160 feet in length, and all square rigged vessels under 120′ (36.6 m) (LOA)".

See also a list of class "A" ships with lengths including bowsprit. [7]

Lost tall ships

Tall ships are sometimes lost, such as by a storm at sea. Some examples of lost tall ships include:

See also

References

  1. Conrad, Joseph (2019-11-20). Selected works of Joseph Conrad. Strelbytskyy Multimedia Publishing.
  2. Conrad, Joseph (1906). The Mirror of the Sea. Harper & Brothers. p. 56. ISBN   9781774415207.
  3. Thoreau, Henry David. "A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers". www.gutenberg.org. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  4. 1 2 "Definition of a tall ship". Sail On Board. Retrieved 2020-01-21.
  5. STI Measurement form. Archived 2013-01-31 at the Wayback Machine
  6. "National Institute for Sea Training (NIST)". kohkun.go.jp. Archived from the original on 27 January 2010. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  7. "National Institute for Sea Training (NIST)". kohkun.go.jp. Archived from the original on 20 October 2008. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  8. Corzo, Cynthia; Morgan, Curtis; Herald, John Barry (8 November 1998). "The loss of the Windjammer Schooner, Fantome". Miami Herald . Archived from the original on 26 October 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2018 via FortOgden.
  9. "Lennie - 1889". Marine Heritage Database. 2007-10-05. Archived from the original on 2017-10-25.
  10. Lennie (+1889) Wrecksite

Further reading