Type 055 destroyer

"Type 055" redirects here. For other uses, see Type 55 (disambiguation).

Nanchang in April 2021
Class overview
Builders	Changxingdao-Jiangnan Shipyard, Shanghai, and Dalian Shipyard, Liaoning
Operators	People's Liberation Army Navy
Cost	CN¥6 billion (US$888 million) per unit including R&D (FY 2017) [1]
Built	2014–present [2]
In service	2020–present [3]
Planned	16 [4]
Building	4 [5]
Active	8 [6]
General characteristics
Type	Guided-missile destroyer Guided-missile cruiser (per NATO)
Displacement	11,000 tonnes (standard) [7] 12–13,000 tonnes (full load) [8]
Length	180 m (590 ft 7 in) [8]
Beam	20 m (65 ft 7 in) [8]
Draught	6.6 m (21 ft 8 in) [2]
Installed power	6 × QD-50 turbine generators (5 MW (6,700 hp) each) Total: 30  MW (40,000  shp) [9]
Propulsion	COGAG 4 × QC-280 gas turbines (28 MW (38,000 hp) each) Total: 112  MW (150,000  shp) [9]
Speed	30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) [2]
Range	5,000  nmi (9,300 km) at 12 kn (22 km/h; 14 mph) [2]
Complement	300+ [10]
Sensors and processing systems	Type 346B Dragon Eye (C/S-band) radar [11] X-band radar [11]
Electronic warfare & decoys	Electronic warfare system [11] Type 726-4 decoy launchers [12]
Armament	1 × 130 mm H/PJ-45 gun [13] 1 × 30 mm H/PJ-11 CIWS [13] 1 × 24-cell HHQ-10 short range surface-to-air missile launcher [14] 112 GJB 5860-2006 VLS cells [8] HHQ-9 long range surface-to-air missiles [8] YJ-18A anti-ship missiles [8] YJ-21 anti-ship ballistic missiles [15] CJ-10 land-attack cruise missile [8] Anti-submarine missiles [8] 2 × sets [16] of 324mm torpedo tubes [14] Yu-7 torpedoes [16]
Aircraft carried	2 medium-lift helicopters [17] Harbin Z-9 [17] Changhe Z-18 [17] Harbin Z-20 [18]
Aviation facilities	Stern hangar [17] Helicopter landing platform [17]

The Type 055 destroyer (NATO/OSD designation Renhai-class cruiser) ^[19] is a class of stealth guided-missile destroyers (rated as guided-missile cruisers per NATO/OSD standard parlance) constructed for the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). It has a multi-mission design; the combination of sensors and weapons provides a main role of area air defence, with anti-submarine warfare capabilities surpassing previous Chinese surface combatants. ^[20]

The Type 055 undertakes blue-water expeditionary missions ^[21] and forms the primary escort for Chinese aircraft carriers. ^[20] The United States classifies these ships as cruisers ^[22] as the United States Navy (USN) defines a cruiser as a large multi-mission surface combatant with flag facilities; ^[23] this suggests the U.S. expects the Type 055 to fulfill a similar role to the USN's Ticonderoga-class cruiser. ^[20]

Development

The People's Liberation Army Navy was interested in a large destroyer from as early as the late-1960s. A development program, code-named "055", initiated in 1976 was cancelled in 1983 after encountering insurmountable technical obstacles from industrial underdevelopment; for example, the required gas turbine power plants could neither be produced domestically nor imported at acceptable prices. ^[24]

In April 2014, an image emerged of a full-scale mock-up of the Type 055 superstructure—with enclosed integrated mast for radar and other electronics—at the Chinese naval electronic testing range in Wuhan. ^{[25] [26]}

Nanchang , the first ship of the class, ^[27] began construction in 2014 at the Jiangnan Shipyard in Shanghai, ^[2] and was commissioned on 12 January 2020. ^[3] Its first public appearance—preceding commissioning—was during the PLAN's 70th-anniversary parade ^[27] on 23 April 2019. ^[7] When launched, Nanchang was the largest post-Second World War warship launched in East Asia. ^{[28] [29]}

The first batch of 8 vessels to this design were all laid down in 2014 to 2018, and all were in service by the end of 2022. ^[30] Further hulls were observed under construction, including two at Dalian in January 2022, by satellite imagery, and two at Jiangnan, as part of a second batch of 8 vessels (to reach a total of 16) under procurement provided for in the 14th Five Year Programme (2021–2025), aimed to equip all three Fleets. ^{[30] [4]}

Satellite imagery reveals that the 9th and 10th vessels of the class have been launched at Dalian and Jiangnan respectively, with the 11th and 12th units nearing launch at these two yards. ^[31]

Design

Stealth

The Type 055 adopts a conventional flared hull with distinctive stealthy features including an enclosed forecastle that hides mooring points, anchor chains, and other equipment. The bow and main deckhouse are configured similarly to previous Type 052C/D destroyers. A continuous structure located amidships increases internal volume and reduces radar cross-section. The smokestack design reduces both infrared signature and radar cross-section. ^[9] Chinese sources credit the design as being generally stealthy, with reduced radar, noise, infrared, and electromagnetic radiation signatures. ^[32]

Power plants

Propulsive power is generated by four 28 MW QC-280 gas turbines in combined gas and gas (COGAG) arrangement. Additional power may be provided by six 5 MW QD-50 gas turbines. ^[9]

The maximum speed is estimated to be 30 knots. ^[2]

Electronics

Chinese literature suggests that the Type 055 is capable of "facilitat[ing] command management of a battlegroup and supporting elements". The command-and-control and battle management systems are likely comparable to contemporary PLAN systems, which reflect over a decade of intensive interest in information integration from the late 2000s. ^[33]

Multiple sensors are housed inside the integrated mast and ship superstructure. ^[13] The class has a dual-band radar system; four S-band Type 346B Dragon Eye active electronically scanned array (AESA) panels are mounted on the superstructure, and four smaller ^[34] X-band ^[11] panels are mounted on the mast. The Type 346B panels are estimated to be 40% larger than the Type 052D destroyer's Type 346A panels, for greater transmission power and sensitivity. ^[34] Chinese sources claim the radar has anti-stealth capability ^[35] and can be used to guide anti-satellite missiles. ^[34]

The ship structure also contains navigation radars, various communication and intelligence systems, electronic warfare support measures (ESM), electronic countermeasures (ECM), electro-optical (EO) sensors, laser-warning systems, optronic jammers, and datalink systems. They are likely more advanced than those deployed on previous ships. ^{[13] [9]}

A deployment port exists for variable depth ^[9] and towed array sonar. ^{[9] [11]} The large bulbous bow likely contains a bow sonar; ^{[11] [9]} the Type 055 may mount a larger bow sonar than previous Chinese surface combatants. ^[9]

Armament

The primary armament are missiles carried in 112 vertical launching system (VLS) cells, ^[8] 64 cells forward and 48 cells aft. The same VLS model is used on the Type 052D destroyer, ^[9] which is believed to be an implementation of the GJB 5860-2006 standard; ^[36] the GJB 5860-2006 is capable of hot and cold launches using concentric canisters. ^[37] The longest variant, with 9-metre cells, is likely used. ^[9] The Type 055 is expected to carry HHQ-9 surface-to-air missiles, YJ-18 anti-ship cruise missiles, CJ-10 land-attack cruise missiles, and missile-launched anti-submarine torpedoes upon entering service. ^[8] Potentially, the larger cells may also carry anti-ship ballistic missiles. ^{[38] [39]}

Additional armament includes a 130-mm main gun, a 11-barrel 30-mm close-in weapon system (CIWS), a HHQ-10 short-range air defense system, 324-mm torpedo launchers, and decoy launchers. There is hangar space for two helicopters. ^[13]

Future developments

It has been suggested that future variants may be armed with lasers or electromagnetic railguns. ^[9] Since the current design does not have integrated electric propulsion, installation of integrated electric propulsion will be required for the ship to meet the estimated power requirements for such weapons in the future. ^[40]

In 2021, United States Department of Defense identified Type 055 as the future launch platform for China's naval-based mid-course interceptors, such as the HQ-19 anti-ballistic missiles. ^[41]

Ships of class

Pennant number	Name	Namesake	Builder	Laid down	Launched	Commissioned	Fleet	Status
101 [42]	南昌／Nanchang [42]	City of Nanchang, provincial capital of Jiangxi	Jiangnan Shipyard, [43] Changxingdao, Shanghai	2014 [30]	28 June 2017 [44]	12 January 2020 [3]	North Sea Fleet [45]	Active [3]
102 [42]	拉萨／Lhasa [42]	City of Lhasa, regional capital of Tibet	Jiangnan Shipyard, Changxingdao [43]	2015 [30]	28 April 2018 [46]	2 March 2021 [47]	North Sea Fleet [48]	Active [48]
105 [42]	大连／Dalian [42]	City of Dalian, in Liaoning	Dalian Shipyard, [30] Liaoning	2016 [30]	3 July 2018 [30]	23 April 2021 [49]	South Sea Fleet [50]	Active [6]
106 [42]	延安 / Yan'an [42]	City of Yan'an, in Shaanxi	Dalian Shipyard, [51] Liaoning	2016 [30]	3 July 2018 [30]	February 2022 [30]	South Sea Fleet [30]	Active [52]
103 [42]	鞍山／Anshan [42]	City of Anshan, in Liaoning	Jiangnan Shipyard, Changxingdao [30]	2017 [30]	12 September 2019 [30]	11 November 2021 [30]	North Sea Fleet [30]	Active [6]
107 [42]	遵义 / Zunyi [6]	City of Zunyi, in Guizhou	Dalian Shipyard, [30] Liaoning	2017 [30]	26 December 2019 [30]	November 2022 [30]	South Sea Fleet [30]	Active [6]
104 [42]	无锡／Wuxi [42]	City of Wuxi, in Jiangsu	Jiangnan Shipyard, Changxingdao [30]	2018 [30]	9 May 2020 [30]	March 2022 [30]	North Sea Fleet [30]	Active [6]
108 [42]	咸阳 / Xianyang [6]	City of Xianyang, in Shaanxi	Dalian Shipyard, [30] Liaoning	2018 [30]	30 August 2020 [30]	December 2022 [30]	South Sea Fleet	Active [6]

See also

• List of active People's Liberation Army Navy ships

References

Citations

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Sources

• Caldwell, Daniel; Freda, Joseph; Goldstein, Lyle J. (February 2020). China's Dreadnought? The PLA Navy's Type 055 Cruiser and Its Implications for the Future Maritime Security Environment (Report). CMSI China Maritime Reports. Vol. 5. United States Naval War College . Retrieved 9 April 2020.