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The history of Brazilian animation is relatively recent. In the first half of the 20th century, there were some small experiments produced in animation without much continuity, to the emergence of several animated films in the other half of the century. The 21st century saw the advent of many animated series for television.
Since 1907, Brazilian theaters already presented animated vignettes at the closing of the newsreels.
Kaiser was the first Brazilian autonomous animation. The animated short film was exhibited in 1917 during World War I. The animation was created by cartoonist Álvaro Marins, better known as Seth, and satirirized the German Emperor Wilhelm II with which Brazil declared war in that year. [1] [2]
Kirs Film released the second animated film Traquinices de Chiquinho e seu inseparável amigo Jagûnço (The Escapades of Chiquinho and His Inseparable Friend Jagûnço) on April 26, 1917. [3] In 1918, Avênturas de Bille e Bolle (The Adventures of Bille and Bolle), by Gilberto Rossi and Eugênio Fonsêca Filho, was released, inspired in the characters Mutt and Jeff of Bud Fisher. [3]
In the following ten years, Seth was the main animator. He focused on advertising. [3] In 1929, it was released Macaco fêio, macaco bônito (Ugly Monkey, Pretty Monkey), a film co-directed by Seth's collaborator João Stamato and Luiz Seel. This is the oldest surviving animated film in the country. [4]
Between 1938 and 1939, the caricaturist Luiz Sá released the short-film Avênturas de Virgolino (The Adventures of Virgolino) and Virgolino apânha (Virgolino’s Troubles). Brazilian cinema pioneer Humberto Mauro (1897–1983) introduced the use of animated puppets in Brazil with O dragãozinho manso (The Good Little Dragon) in the 1940s. [3]
In 1940, the brothers Anélio and Mario Latini Filho did their short-film, Azares de Lulu (Lulu's Misfortune), with a style that resembles the Fleischer Brothers and with a rudimentary technique. [5] Anélio learned about animation techniques by reading manuals and watching North American movies. [5] He asked the Brazilian screenwriter Joaquim Ribeiro a folkloric subject. Ribeiro gave him seven legends of the Amazon Indians, that would be the base for the Sinfônia amazônica (Amazon Symphony), which was the first feature-length animated film made in the country. [5] Filmed in black and white, it took 6 years to be completed because it was conducted solely by Anélio Latini, without the help of any other animator. Anélio's brother helped as photographer and wrote the musical score of a samba in the film. Despite good reviews and large audiences, the film was not able to profit. [5]
Norman McLaren inspired several Brazilian animators between the 1950s and 1960s. In 1957, Roberto Miller produced Rumba after a six-month stay with McLaren in Canada. Miller continued into animation with Boogie Woogie (1959), Desenho abstrato (Abstract Drawing, 1960), O átomo brincalhão (The Playful Atom, 1968) and Fotograma Abstrato (Abstract Frame, 1985). [5]
Rubens Francisco Lucchetti and Bassano Vaccarini created Abstrações (Abstractions), and Fantasmagóricas (1961) using painting on film stock and other avant-garde techniques. They founded Centro Experimental de Cinema de Ribeirão Preto that was out of business due to financial problems after a couple of years. [5]
In 1962, Hamilton de Souza created with other friends Grupo Tan Tan. He made the short-film Uma história do Brazil – tipo exportação (A History of Brazil – Made for Export). He worked on História da América (History of America), which was planned in three segments of half-hour. However, only the first segment, A descoberta (The Discovery), was completed. [5]
During the 1960s, animation began to have a regular presence in advertising. [6] Wilson Pinto created the mascot of the oil company Petrobrás, Ruy Peroti drew the toucan for the airline Varig; and Guy Lebrun conceived the character for Brejeiro rice. [5]
During the 1970s, Brazilian production in animation increased. Main animation studios concentrated in São Paulo such as Briquet Productions, Daniel Messias, Walbercy Ribas and Maurício de Sousa Productions. [5]
In February 1971, the second animated Brazilian feature Presente de Natal was released in Manaus, produced by Álvaro Henriques Gonçalves. This animated featured film was also the first in color in Brazil. [5] In 1972, Piconzé was released in theaters, made by the Japanese cartoonist Ypê Nakashima (1926–1974), who immigrated to Brazil in 1956 and worked with animation in advertising. [7]
In this decade the Monica's Gang comics, which have become quite popular among younger audiences in the region, were adapted to numerous animated films over the years resulting in a TV show a few years later. Some other animated films were also produced during the 1980s and 1990s, however in 1996 the most outstanding film was Cassiopeia , which was the first Brazilian animated film to be computer-animated, a year after the release of the Pixar film Toy Story as well as the second computer-animated film of all time. [8]
A great advance in Brazilian animations occurred in recent years. Several awarded films have emerged in the first decade as The Happy Cricket [9] (and its sequel The Happy Cricket and the Giant Bugs ), Xuxinha e Guto contra os Monstros do Espaço, Uma Aventura no Tempo , Brichos , Garoto Cósmico , and several TV series such as Anabel , Fudêncio , Gui & Estopa and Fishtronaut . The series Doggy Day School and My Big Big Friend were the first animated series to be co-produced with foreign countries, Canada as was the case for both.
With a law created by the Brazilian organization ANCINE [10] in 2011 several cable children's channels were forced to develop Brazilian original series, mostly cartoons. Among the best known cartoons in Brazil today include Sítio do Picapau Amarelo, Monica's Gang, Haunted Tales for Wicked Kids and Jorel's Brother. [11]
The feature films Rio 2096: A Story of Love and Fury and The Boy and the World , have won international awards outside Brazil and were both respectively winners of the 2013 and 2014 editions of the Annecy International Animated Film Festival. The Boy and the World was released in more than 50 countries and became the first Brazilian animated film to be nominated for Best Animated Feature at the Academy Awards.
In 2018, Netflix released worldwide its first Brazilian children's animated television series Cupcake & Dino: General Services (A co-production with Canada) and its first Brazilian adult animated television series Super Drags . [12] [13]
Quirino Cristiani was an Italian-born Argentine animation director and cartoonist, responsible for the world's first two animated feature films as well as the first animated feature film with sound, even though the only copies of these two films were lost in a fire. He is also the first person to create animation solely using cardboard cutouts.
Bruno Bozzetto is an Italian cartoon animator and film director, creator of many short pieces, mainly of a political or satirical nature. He created his first animated short "Tapum! the weapons' story" in 1958 at the age of 20. His most famous character, a hapless little man named "Signor Rossi", has been featured in many animated shorts as well as starring in three feature films: Mr. Rossi Looks for Happiness (1976), Mr. Rossi's Dreams (1977), and Mr. Rossi's Vacation (1977).
Garri Yakovlevich Bardin is a Soviet and Russian animation director, screenwriter, producer and actor best known for his experimental musical and stop motion films. He was awarded the 1988 Short Film Palme d'Or for the Fioritures cartoon and the Order of Honour in 2011.
BRB Internacional S.A.U was a Spanish licensing and production company of animated television series as Around the World with Willy Fog, Dogtanian and the Three Muskehounds and The World of David the Gnome. On 31 January 2018, WildBrain, a leading digital kids’ network & studio, has been appointed the exclusive global manager of BRB Internacional's extensive catalogue of kids’ content on YouTube. In 2022, the company closed after filing for bankruptcy. DeAPlaneta acquired the company's library in January 2023.
Melnitsa Animation Studio is one of the largest animation studios in Russia. Deutsche Welle called the studio the Walt Disney of Saint Petersburg. Alongside its animation projects, Melnitsa has an effort devoted to creating digital special effects for both animation projects and live-action films.
El Apóstol is a 1917 lost Argentine animated film using cutout animation. Italian-Argentine immigrants Quirino Cristiani and Federico Valle directed and produced, respectively. Historians consider it the world's first animated feature film. The film began production after the success of Cristiani and Valle's short film, La intervención a la provincia de Buenos Aires, and was produced in less than ten months or in twelve months; accounts differ. Its script was written by Alfonso de Laferrére, the background models of Buenos Aires were created by Andrés Ducaud, and the initial character designs were drawn by Diógenes Taborda.
Earl Hurd was a pioneering American animator and film director. He is noted for creating and producing the silent Bobby Bumps animated short subject series for early animation producer J.R. Bray's Bray Productions. Hurd and Bray are jointly responsible for developing the processes involved in cel animation, and were granted patents for their processes in 1914.
K-Hito was the pseudonym of Ricardo García López (1890–1984), Spanish humorist, caricaturist, bullfighting critic, film producer, and magazine publisher. Considered part of the Generation of '27, he was the founder and director of four magazines, in the pages of which he created several characters, such as Gutiérrez, Macaco, Currinche, and Don Turulato.
Ánima Estudios, S.A.P.I. de C.V. is a Mexican animation studio and family entertainment company founded in 2002 by Fernando De Fuentes S. and Jose C. Garcia De Letona, the studio is best known for producing El Chavo Animado, Top Cat: The Movie, the Leyendas franchise, and Cleo & Cuquín.
Pilot is a Russian animation studio based in Moscow. It was founded in 1988 by Alexander Tatarsky, Igor Kovalyov, Anatoly Prokhorov, and Igor Gelashvili, becoming the first private animation studio in the Soviet Union. They aimed at both auteur and commercial animation.
Giannalberto Bendazzi was an Italian animation historian, author, and professor.
Alison de Vere, while married also known as Alison Weschke, was a British animator, known for her animated short films The Black Dog and Psyche and Eros.
Wizards: Tales of Arcadia is an American animated fantasy limited series created by Guillermo del Toro, and produced by DreamWorks Animation Television and Double Dare You Productions. The award-winning series is the third and final installment of the Tales of Arcadia trilogy, following Trollhunters (2016–2018) and 3Below (2018–2019), and was released on August 7, 2020, on Netflix.
Cupcake and Dino: General Services is an animated television series created by Pedro Eboli for Teletoon in Canada, Disney XD in Latin America & Brazil, and Netflix in the US.
The Mexican animation industry is a part of Mexico's domestic film industry. It utilizes primarily the flash, CG, and traditional animation formats, typically produced on a small budget. There studios included Ánima Estudios, Animex Producciones, Huevocartoon, among others. It began in 1915 with the first animated film of the country, Mi Sueño, and continues decades later.
Kaiser is a short animated film, directed by the cartoonist Álvaro Marins, the Seth, in 1917. It is considered the first cartoon produced in Brazil.
Dale Case is an American animator and film director.
The history of Ukrainian animation, which began in the late 1920s, is part of Ukrainian cinematography and has involved a variety of techniques, including frame-by-frame filming, time lapse, and computer animation.
Oni: Thunder God's Tale is an animated fantasy limited series created by Daisuke "Dice" Tsutsumi for Netflix. Based on "Onari's Lullaby" by Emi Tsutsumi, and inspired by various Japanese folklore, the series tells a story of Onari, who sets on a path of becoming one of the folklore heroes, protecting her peaceful village from the mysterious oni. Produced by Tonko House and animated by Megalis VFX and Dwarf Studios, the series premiered on October 21, 2022.
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