Location | Aurillac, Cantal, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France |
---|---|
Region | Auvergne |
Coordinates | 44°55′11″N2°26′08″E / 44.91978°N 2.43557°E |
Altitude | 639 m (2,096 ft) |
Type | Fanum (Romano-Celtic Temple) |
Diameter | approx. 18 m (59 ft) [1] |
History | |
Founded | 1st century CE |
Abandoned | 3rd century CE |
Periods | Classical Antiquity |
Cultures | Arverni, Gallo-Roman |
Site notes | |
Excavation dates | 1977 - 1978 |
Condition | Ruined |
Ownership | Private |
Designated | 20 November 1980 [2] |
Fanum d'Aron is a fanum, or Romano-Celtic temple, located in Aurillac, a French commune in the Auvergne region. [2]
Discovered in 1970 in the southwest of Aurillac, the temple was excavated from May 1977 through the end of 1978 and added to the monuments historiques registry in 1980. It is situated in what is now a small municipal garden, between a pavilion and the Lescudilier industrial zone (cadastre BE n°360). [2] [3]
Salvage excavations have recovered rich materials from the site, including lapidary pieces, glass and metallic artifacts, coins, eight column capitals (four of which feature sculpted trachyte heads representing the Sun and Moon), a fluted column barrel fragment, and ceramics as well as terracotta antefixes. [3] [4] These objects establish that the temple would have been in use from the 1st to 3rd centuries CE. [1] [3]
Some artifacts and architectural elements from the site are kept on display at the Aurillac Museum of Art and Archeology, [4] along with a model reconstruction of the fanum.
The fanum is a circular chamber (cella) surrounded by a sixteen-sided polygonal ambulatory or gallery, which opens onto the Cère and Jordanne River valleys. The angles of the polygon are marked by the bases of fluted columns (eight of which are found in-place) bearing acanthus-leafed Corinthian capitals. Terracotta antefixes found at the site give some indication of the roofing materials and design. The complex appears to have had a courtyard encircled by a perimeter wall that was discovered through sondage, towards the northwest. The wall is 55 meters (180 ft) from the fanum, with a northwest-northeast orientation erected over a length of 84 meters (276 ft). There are also vestiges of a partially exposed square enclosure with paved ground southeast of the fanum, whose sides are 29 meters (95 ft) long. The structure is speculated to perhaps have been an annex of the sanctuary, a shelter for receiving pilgrims, or even another fanum. [1] [3] [4]
Fanum d'Aron appears uncommon in Arverni and Vellavi territory for having a polygonal rather than quadrangular ambulatory, and unique for the ambulatory being of sixteen sides. Another fanum found at Mauriac (Cantal) can be compared for appearing to have had a round cella and decagonal ambulatory. This uncommon round cella with polygonal ambulatory plan seems to be more typical of Western Gaul than elsewhere, as it is also found in examples at Saint-Gervais (Vendée) and Chassenon (Charente). [3]
A prospection of the Cantal département made by Alphonse Vinatié (1924–2005), a local archaeologist, made it possible to identify three other ancient sanctuaries in Landeyrat and Allanche, [5] as well as possible sites in Celles, Charmensac, and Mauriac Vernols. [1]
Cantal is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France, with its prefecture in Aurillac. Its other principal towns are Saint-Flour and Mauriac; its residents are known as Cantalians. Cantal borders the departments of Puy-de-Dôme, Haute-Loire, Aveyron, Lot, Lozère and Corrèze, in the Massif Central natural region.
Auvergnat or Occitan auvergnat is a northern dialect of Occitan spoken in central and southern France, in particular in the former administrative region of Auvergne.
Aurillac is the prefecture of the Cantal department, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as Aurillacois or Aurillacoises.
Auvergne is a cultural region in central France.
The history of the Auvergne dates back to the early Middle Ages, when it was a historic province in south-central France. It was originally the feudal domain of the Counts of Auvergne.
Velay is a historical area of France situated in the east Haute-Loire département and southeast of Massif Central.
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A vergobret was a magistrate in ancient Gaul who held the highest office in many Gallic cities, especially among the Aedui. Julius Caesar discusses the role of the vergobret several times in his Commentaries on the Gallic War, referring to the office with the terms princeps civitatis, principatus, and magistratus.
The archaeological site of Alba-la-Romaine, corresponding to the Gallo-Roman city of Alba Augusta Helviorum or Alba Helviorum is located near the present town of Alba-la-Romaine. The site is in the French department of Ardèche, Rhône-Alpes. During the Roman Imperial era, Alba was the capital of the Celtic-speaking polity of Helvii, which had territory covering the area of lower Vivarais.
A Romano-Celtic temple or fanum is a sub-class of Roman temple found in the north-western Celtic provinces of the Roman Empire. They were the main places of worship in Gallo-Roman religion. Romano-Celtic temples differ from classical Roman temples, and evidence shows they had much continuity with earlier Celtic temples. Many were built on earlier sacred sites of the Celtic religion.
The Aqueduct of Luynes is a former Gallo-Roman bridge aqueduct located in Luynes, France.
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The Tower of Vesunna is the vestige of a Gallo-Roman fanum (temple) dedicated to Vesunna, a tutelary goddess of the Petrocorii. The sanctuary was built in the 1st or 2nd century. Vesunna was the Gallo-Roman name for Périgueux, in the Dordogne department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.
The Temple "of Mars" is the vestige of a Romano-Celtic fanum and its courtyard, located in Corseul, in the department of Côtes-d'Armor, France.
The Saint-Martin-au-Val Sanctuary is a monumental Gallo-Roman temple complex still undergoing excavation in Chartres. It is one of the largest sanctuaries from Roman Gaul and is notable for its rare preservation of an ornate wooden ceiling. It featured a cult site to Diana and Apollo.
The Tour de Grisset is the remains of a small, Gallo-Roman temple or fanum located in Fréteval, Loir-et-Cher, France. It is one of the few Gallo-Roman fana to still be standing, and perhaps the only one with its brick vault still in place. Excavations in the 1960s revealed a bath complex and series of other structures at the site, and it has been proposed that a small, secondary agglomeration of structures may also exist there.
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