Humboldt County, Nevada

Humboldt County
County
Humboldt County Courthouse in Winnemucca
Flag
Location within the U.S. state of Nevada
Nevada's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 41°25′N118°07′W / 41.41°N 118.12°W / 41.41; -118.12
Country	United States
State	Nevada
Founded	1856;168 years ago (1856)
Named for	Humboldt River
Seat	Winnemucca
Largest city	Winnemucca
Area
• Total	9,658 sq mi (25,010 km2)
• Land	9,641 sq mi (24,970 km2)
• Water	17 sq mi (40 km2)  0.2%
Population  (2020)
• Total	17,285
• Density	1.8/sq mi (0.69/km2)
Time zone	UTC−8 (Pacific)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−7 (PDT)
Congressional district	2nd
Website	hcnv.us

Humboldt County is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 17,285. ^[1] It is a largely rural county that is sparsely populated with the only major city being Winnemucca which has a population of 8,431. ^[2] Humboldt County comprises the Winnemucca, NV Micropolitan Statistical Area and serves as an important crossroads in the national transportation network. Interstate 80 travels through the southeastern corner of the county, meeting US 95 in Winnemucca that serves as a primary freight corridor between Northern Nevada and Boise, Idaho and the Interstate 84 freight corridor that links much of the Pacific Northwest. The original transcontinental railway, constructed by the Central Pacific Railroad, reached Humboldt County on September 16, 1868. ^[3] The Western Pacific Railroad would reach Humboldt County by November 1909, ^[4] providing two mainline rail links to California and the Eastern United States. Both railroads have since been acquired by the Union Pacific Railroad, who continues to serve the region today.

The county contains several areas of land belonging to regionally significant Native American communities including the Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribe and the Winnemucca Indian Colony of Nevada.

Largely a region with ranchers and farmers, the county came under increased attention after the 2017 proposal of the Thacker Pass Lithium Mine. The mine has been controversial locally and in the national press—as it would be the first major lithium clay mine to open in the United States and be important to the local economy but threatens local ecosystems and indigenous heritage sites. ^{[5] [6]}

History

Santa Rosa Range, Humboldt National Forest.

Humboldt County is the oldest county in Nevada, created by the Utah Territorial Legislature in 1856. It was also one of Nevada's original nine counties created in 1861. The county is named after the Humboldt River, which was named by John C. Frémont after Alexander von Humboldt, a German naturalist, traveler and statesman. ^[7] Humboldt never saw the places that bear his name. Unionville was the first county seat in 1861 until the mining boom died there and it was moved to Winnemucca on the transcontinental railroad line in 1873. ^{[ citation needed ]}

The county was the site of an arrest in 2000 that led to the U.S. Supreme Court decision Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada in 2004.

Humboldt County is referenced in Brandon Flowers' 2015 song "Digging Up The Heart", in which the protagonist meets "Christie, queen of Humboldt County". ^[8]

Geography

The Winnemucca Sand Dunes, north of Winnemucca

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 9,658 square miles (25,010 km²), of which 9,641 square miles (24,970 km²) is land and 17 square miles (44 km²) (0.2%) is water. ^[9] It is Nevada's fourth-largest county by area.

The Santa Rosa Range runs through eastern Humboldt County. The highest point in the county, 9,731 ft (2,966 m) Granite Peak, is in the range. ^[10] The most topographically prominent mountain in Humboldt County is unofficially known as Dan Dobbins Peak and is in the remote Jackson Mountains.

Adjacent counties

• Harney County, Oregon - northwest
• Malheur County, Oregon - north
• Owyhee County, Idaho - northeast/Mountain Time Border
• Elko County - east
• Lander County - southeast
• Pershing County - south
• Washoe County - west

National protected areas

• Black Rock Desert-High Rock Canyon Emigrant Trails National Conservation Area (part)
• Humboldt National Forest (part)
• Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge (part)

Reservations

The county includes land that is held by Indian reservations.

Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribe

This section is an excerpt from Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribe § Reservation.[ edit ]

Location of Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation

The Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation spans the distance of the Nevada–Oregon border, in Humboldt County, Nevada and Malheur County, Oregon, ^[11] near the Quinn River, which runs east to west through the Tribe's Nevada lands. Just to the east is southwestern Idaho. The Fort McDermitt Military Reservation was established 14 August 1865 at the former site of Quinn River Camp No. 33 and a stagecoach stop, Quinn River Station, in what was a traditional seasonal homeland of the Paiute, Shoshone and Bannock peoples.

The reservation was established with 16,354 acres (66.2 km²) in Nevada and 19,000 acres (76.9 km²) in Oregon, mostly areas of arid land. In October 2016 the federal government put into trust for the tribe approximately 19,094 acres (77.3 km²) acres of Bureau of Land Management (BLM) land in Nevada, in order to expand their reservation and give them a more sustainable base. Gaming is prohibited on these new lands. This was done under the Nevada Native Nations Land Act (PL No: 114-232). ^[12]

Winnemucca Indian Colony of Nevada

This section is an excerpt from Winnemucca Indian Colony of Nevada § Reservation.[ edit ]

The Winnemucca Indian Colony of Nevada has a reservation at in Humboldt County, Nevada. The reservation was established on June 18, 1917, and comprises two parcels of land, 20 acres (0.081 km²) enclosed within the urban area of the City of Winnemucca centered on Cinnabar Street, and 320 acres (1.3 km²) of rural land on the southern edge of the city west of Water Canyon Road. In 1990, 17 tribal members lived on the reservation. ^[13] In 2022, a court filing reported that the colony consisted of 28 tribal members. ^[14]

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1860	40		—
1870	1,916		4,690.0%
1880	3,480		81.6%
1890	3,434		−1.3%
1900	4,463		30.0%
1910	6,825		52.9%
1920	3,743		−45.2%
1930	3,795		1.4%
1940	4,743		25.0%
1950	4,838		2.0%
1960	5,708		18.0%
1970	6,375		11.7%
1980	9,434		48.0%
1990	12,844		36.1%
2000	16,106		25.4%
2010	16,528		2.6%
2020	17,285		4.6%
2023 (est.)	17,136	[15]	−0.9%
U.S. Decennial Census [16] [ failed verification ] 1790-1960 [17] 1900-1990 [18] 1990-2000 [19] 2010-2018 [1]

2000 census

At the 2000 census there were 16,106 people in the county, organized into 5733 households, and 4133 families. The population density was 2 people per square mile (0.77 people/km²). There were 6,954 housing units at an average density of 1 units per square mile (0.39/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 83.21% White, 4.02% Native American, 0.57% Asian, 0.51% Black or African American, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 8.54% from other races, and 3.09% from two or more races. 18.87%. ^[20] were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 5,733 households, 40.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.6% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.9% were non-families. 22.8% of households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.28.

The age distribution was 31.40% under the age of 18, 7.50% from 18 to 24, 31.20% from 25 to 44, 22.30% from 45 to 64, and 7.50% who were 65 or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.20 males.

The median household income was $47,147 and the median family income was $52,156. Males had a median income of $44,694 versus $25,917 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,539. 9.70% of the population and 7.70% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 10.40% of those under the age of 18 and 10.80% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Winnemucca State Bank and Trust building is on the National Register of Historic Places.

2010 census

At the 2010 census, there were 16,528 people, 6,289 households, and 4,316 families in the county. ^[21] The population density was 1.7 inhabitants per square mile (0.66/km²). There were 7,123 housing units at an average density of 0.7 units per square mile (0.27 units/km²). ^[22] The racial makeup of the county was 79.0% white, 4.2% American Indian, 0.7% Asian, 0.5% black or African American, 0.1% Pacific islander, 12.7% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 24.4% of the population. ^[21] In terms of ancestry, 15.0% were English, 14.6% were Irish, 14.1% were German, and 5.1% were American. ^[23]

Of the 6,289 households, 36.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 31.4% were non-families, and 25.6% of households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.13. The median age was 36.2 years. ^[21]

The median household income was $55,656 and the median family income was $69,032. Males had a median income of $56,843 versus $33,531 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,965. About 7.8% of families and 12.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.3% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over. ^[24]

Education

Wildflowers in Paradise Valley, 2008

Humboldt County School District serves all of Humboldt County. ^[25] Albert M. Lowry High School and McDermitt Combined School have high school programs.

The county is in the service area of Great Basin College. ^[26]

Previously Crane Union High School, a boarding high school in Oregon, served portions of the county, ^[27] and it continues to be an option for residents living in Denio. ^[28]

Law enforcement

There have been at least two allegations of abuse of civil forfeiture by Humboldt County Sheriff's deputy Lee Dove, who as of 2015, is no longer employed as a deputy. Both cases were settled in favor of the civilians in question. ^[29]

Politics

United States presidential election results for Humboldt County, Nevada ^{[30] [31]}

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2024	6,141	76.48%	1,711	21.31%	178	2.22%
2020	5,877	75.63%	1,689	21.73%	205	2.64%
2016	4,521	70.28%	1,386	21.55%	526	8.18%
2012	3,810	66.33%	1,737	30.24%	197	3.43%
2008	3,586	63.31%	1,909	33.70%	169	2.98%
2004	3,896	72.59%	1,361	25.36%	110	2.05%
2000	3,638	72.33%	1,128	22.43%	264	5.25%
1996	2,334	50.85%	1,467	31.96%	789	17.19%
1992	1,505	42.72%	810	22.99%	1,208	34.29%
1988	2,378	66.50%	1,024	28.64%	174	4.87%
1984	2,498	72.41%	862	24.99%	90	2.61%
1980	1,950	68.59%	684	24.06%	209	7.35%
1976	1,380	53.38%	1,074	41.55%	131	5.07%
1972	1,659	69.94%	713	30.06%	0	0.00%
1968	1,287	50.97%	885	35.05%	353	13.98%
1964	1,106	43.77%	1,421	56.23%	0	0.00%
1960	1,157	49.66%	1,173	50.34%	0	0.00%
1956	1,292	60.60%	840	39.40%	0	0.00%
1952	1,398	66.92%	691	33.08%	0	0.00%
1948	901	49.21%	886	48.39%	44	2.40%
1944	835	45.65%	994	54.35%	0	0.00%
1940	789	36.60%	1,367	63.40%	0	0.00%
1936	390	24.38%	1,210	75.63%	0	0.00%
1932	405	26.45%	1,126	73.55%	0	0.00%
1928	783	56.53%	602	43.47%	0	0.00%
1924	400	35.30%	248	21.89%	485	42.81%
1920	660	51.40%	532	41.43%	92	7.17%
1916	1,004	33.47%	1,681	56.03%	315	10.50%
1912	207	11.51%	719	39.99%	872	48.50%
1908	823	40.07%	1,009	49.12%	222	10.81%
1904	610	57.44%	356	33.52%	96	9.04%

Economy

Lithium mine

This section is an excerpt from Thacker Pass lithium mine.[ edit ]

The Thacker Pass lithium mine is a lithium clay mining development project in Humboldt County, Nevada, which is the largest known lithium deposit in the US and one of the largest in the world. ^{[32] [33] [34]} There has been significant exploration of Thacker Pass since 2007. The Bureau of Land Management issued a Record of Decision approving development of the mine in January 2021. Construction began in March 2023 after an emergency appeal was denied by the court. ^[35] The project site would cover 18,000 acres (7,300 ha), with less than 6,000 acres (2,400 ha) of that being mined, ^{[36] [37] [38] [39]} on a site 21 miles (34 km) west-northwest of Orovada, Nevada within the McDermitt Caldera. ^{[40] [32] [41]} The mine is a project of Lithium Nevada, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lithium Americas Corp. In late January 2023, car giant General Motors announced it would invest $650M in the mine project, giving GM exclusive access to the first phase of production. ^{[42] [43]} In February 2023, when the initial $320 million investment was completed, GM became Lithium Americas largest shareholder and offtake partner. ^{[44] [45]} At full capacity the mine would produce 66,000 tons annually, ^{[46] [40] [33]} equivalent to 25% of the current (2021) demand for lithium globally, which is expected to triple over the next five years. Development of the mine is driven by increasing demand for lithium used in electric vehicle batteries and grid storage of intermittently generated electricity from sources such as solar power or wind power. ^{[34] [47]}

The project has met resistance in the form of legal challenges and direct action. ^[48] While several Indigenous tribes with traditional homeland in the area support the project some nearby tribes oppose the project. These opposition tribes have stated that Thacker Pass is a sacred site, a massacre site, and that they were not adequately consulted by the Bureau of Land Management. No BLM study or cultural mining study has found evidence of the massacre site within the mining area or even the extended area. Additionally, opponents of the mine have voiced concerns about rushed environmental review, threats to critical wildlife habitat, disruption of cultural sites. Proponents of the mine have stated that the project is necessary to limit climate change by reducing carbon emissions from American cars, is benign in its social and environmental impact, and will create 300 long-term jobs in rural Nevada, paying an average of $63,000 per year. ^{[46] [40]} The New York Times reported that controversy around the mine is "emblematic of a fundamental tension" between green energy and damage caused by resource extraction required for those technologies. ^[46]

Transportation

Major highways

• Interstate 80
• Interstate 80 Business Loop
• U.S. Route 95
• State Route 140
• State Route 289
• State Route 290
• State Route 292
• State Route 293
• State Route 294
• State Route 789
• State Route 794
• State Route 795
• State Route 796

Communities

City

• Winnemucca (county seat)

Census-designated places

• Denio
• Fort McDermitt
• Golconda
• McDermitt
• Orovada
• Paradise Valley
• Valmy

Unincorporated communities

• Rebel Creek
• Stone House
• Tule

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Humboldt County, Nevada

References

1. "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Humboldt County, NV". United States Census Bureau QuickFacts. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
2. "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Winnemucca City". United States Census Bureau QuickFacts. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
3. "The Great Race to Promontory". The Great Race to Promontory. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
4. "Western Pacific in Utah". September 26, 2020. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
5. Sonner, Scott (July 26, 2021). "Judge denies environmentalists' request to block digging at Thacker Pass lithium mine". Reno Gazette-Journal . Retrieved July 29, 2021.
6. Great Basin Resource Watch (February 26, 2021). "Conservation and Public Accountability Groups File Legal Challenge to the Thacker Pass Lithium Mine" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
7. Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p.  163 . Retrieved January 1, 2016.
8. "Brandon Flowers - Diggin' Up The Heart Lyrics". Directlyrics.com. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
9. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
10. "Granite Peak, Nevada". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
11. Pritzker 241
12. "Nevada Native Nations Land Act" Archived 1 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine , Propublica website; accessed 30 November 2016
13. Winnemucca Colony Council (March 5, 1971). "Constitution and Bylaws of the Winnemucca Indian Colony Nevada" (PDF). Harrison Loesch, Assistant Secretary of the Interior. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
14. Bartell Ranch LLC, et al. Vs. Ester M. Mccullough, et al., WIC: Motion To InterveneDoc.#180 ( D. Nev. February 11, 2022)("The Colony is a federally recognized Tribe located in Winnemucca, Nevada. The Colony consists of 28 members whose ancestors derive from the Paiute and Shoshone Nations").
15. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
16. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
17. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
18. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
19. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
20. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved January 31, 2008.
21. "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
22. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
23. "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
24. "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
25. "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Humboldt County, NV" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2022. Retrieved July 15, 2022. - Text list.
26. "Data and Information". Great Basin College . Retrieved March 10, 2024.
27. Flanigan, James (March 1, 1976). "At Crane, they board 'em". The Capital Journal . Salem, Oregon. p. 12. - Clipping from Newspapers.com. There was an abbreviated version published: Flanigan, James (March 18, 1976). "Crane Union High students live on campus at Burns". The World . Coos Bay, Oregon. United Press International. p. 14. - Clipping from Newspapers.com.
28. Roccapriore, Carla (December 12, 2004). "Tiny-town students visit biggest little city". Reno Gazette-Journal . pp. 1C, 2C. - Clipping of first and of second page at Newspapers.com.
29. O’Harrow Jr., Robert; Sallah, Michael (September 8, 2014). "They fought the law. Who won?". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
30. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections" . uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
31. The leading "other" candidate, Progressive Theodore Roosevelt, received 533 votes, while Socialist candidate Eugene Debs received 339 votes.
32. Bradley, Dwight C.; Stillings, Lisa L.; Jaskula, Brian W.; Munk, LeeAnn; McCauley, Andrew D. (2017). Lithium, Chapter K of Critical Mineral Resources of the United States—Economic and Environmental Geology and Prospects for Future Supply (PDF) (Report). United States Geological Survey.
33. Sonner, Scott (September 6, 2021). "Judge rejects tribes' efforts to halt digging at Thacker Pass lithium mine in Nevada". Reno Gazette Journal. Retrieved September 9, 2021.
34. Nilsen, Ella; Marsh, Rene (December 17, 2021). "A rush to mine lithium in Nevada is pitting climate advocates and environmental groups against each other". CNN. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
35. Sonner, Scott (March 2, 2023). "9th Circuit denies emergency bid to halt Nevada lithium mine at Thacker Pass". KRNV-DT . Associated Press. Retrieved March 5, 2023.
36. Bureau of Land Management (December 4, 2020). Thacker Pass Lithium Mine Project Final Environmental Impact Statement (PDF) (Report). Retrieved September 6, 2022.
37. Burmeister, Tim. "Thacker Pass lithium project gets national spotlight". Elko Daily Free Press. Retrieved September 7, 2022. The Thacker Pass project boundary encompasses 17,933 acres, but the land disturbance area is 5,694.8 acres.
38. Lightcap, Seth (December 6, 2021). "Thacker Pass: The Crossroads of Lithium, Wild Snow and Sacred Land". Tahoe Quarterly. p. 1. Retrieved September 7, 2022. The mine site is slated to occupy roughly 18,000 acres, with most of that land used for processing facilities and transportation logistics. Only 5,500 acres will be actively mined over the 46 years.
39. Bosler, Cayte (November 7, 2021). "Plans To Dig the Biggest Lithium Mine in the US Face Mounting Opposition". Inside Climate News .
40. Malmgren, Evan (September 23, 2021). "The Battle for Thacker Pass". The Nation.
41. "Public Input Sought for Clay Mine". Reno Gazette-Journal . January 2, 2014.
42. Scheyder, Ernest (January 31, 2023). "GM to help Lithium Americas develop Nevada's Thacker Pass mine". Reuters. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
43. Clifford, Catherine (January 31, 2023). "GM to invest $650 million in a lithium company to support its electric vehicle business". CNBC. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
44. "Lithium Americas Announces Initial Closing of $650 Million Investment from General Motors". Stockhouse. February 16, 2023. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
45. "Thacker Pass Overview" (PDF). Lithium Americas. January 30, 2024. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
46. Penn, Ivan; Lipton, Eric (May 6, 2021). "The Lithium Gold Rush: Inside the Race to Power Electric Vehicles". The New York Times. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
47. Flin, Briana (December 2, 2021). "'Like putting a lithium mine on Arlington cemetery': the fight to save sacred land in Nevada". The Guardian. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
48. Stone, Maddie (March 12, 2021). "The Battle of Thacker Pass". Grist. Retrieved October 23, 2021.

External links

• Official website

41°25′N118°07′W / 41.41°N 118.12°W / 41.41; -118.12