Related Research Articles
Interleukin 9, also known as IL-9, is a pleiotropic cytokine belonging to the group of interleukins. IL-9 is produced by variety of cells like mast cells, NKT cells, Th2, Th17, Treg, ILC2, and Th9 cells in different amounts. Among them, Th9 cells are regarded as the major CD4+ T cells that produce IL-9.
Interleukin-23 subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL23A gene. IL-23 is produced by dendritic cells and macrophages.
Interleukin 21 (IL-21) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL21 gene.
Interleukin-31 (IL-31) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL31 gene that resides on chromosome 12. IL-31 is an inflammatory cytokine that helps trigger cell-mediated immunity against pathogens. It has also been identified as a major player in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis.
Interleukin-26 (IL-26) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL26 gene.
Interleukin 17 family is a family of pro-inflammatory cystine knot cytokines. They are produced by a group of T helper cell known as T helper 17 cell in response to their stimulation with IL-23. Originally, Th17 was identified in 1993 by Rouvier et al. who isolated IL17A transcript from a rodent T-cell hybridoma. The protein encoded by IL17A is a founding member of IL-17 family. IL17A protein exhibits a high homology with a viral IL-17-like protein encoded in the genome of T-lymphotropic rhadinovirus Herpesvirus saimiri. In rodents, IL-17A is often referred to as CTLA8.
Type I cytokine receptors are transmembrane receptors expressed on the surface of cells that recognize and respond to cytokines with four α-helical strands. These receptors are also known under the name hemopoietin receptors, and share a common amino acid motif (WSXWS) in the extracellular portion adjacent to the cell membrane. Members of the type I cytokine receptor family comprise different chains, some of which are involved in ligand/cytokine interaction and others that are involved in signal transduction.
Glycoprotein 130 is a transmembrane protein which is the founding member of the class of all cytokine receptors. It forms one subunit of the type I cytokine receptor within the IL-6 receptor family. It is often referred to as the common gp130 subunit, and is important for signal transduction following cytokine engagement. As with other type I cytokine receptors, gp130 possesses a WSXWS amino acid motif that ensures correct protein folding and ligand binding. It interacts with Janus kinases to elicit an intracellular signal following receptor interaction with its ligand. Structurally, gp130 is composed of five fibronectin type-III domains and one immunoglobulin-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain in its extracellular portion.
JAK1 is a human tyrosine kinase protein essential for signaling for certain type I and type II cytokines. It interacts with the common gamma chain (γc) of type I cytokine receptors, to elicit signals from the IL-2 receptor family, the IL-4 receptor family, the gp130 receptor family. It is also important for transducing a signal by type I (IFN-α/β) and type II (IFN-γ) interferons, and members of the IL-10 family via type II cytokine receptors. Jak1 plays a critical role in initiating responses to multiple major cytokine receptor families. Loss of Jak1 is lethal in neonatal mice, possibly due to difficulties suckling. Expression of JAK1 in cancer cells enables individual cells to contract, potentially allowing them to escape their tumor and metastasize to other parts of the body.
Interleukin 10 receptor, alpha subunit is a subunit for the interleukin-10 receptor. IL10RA, is its human gene.
Interleukin 15 receptor, alpha subunit is a subunit of the interleukin 15 receptor that in humans is encoded by the IL15RA gene.
Interleukin 17 receptor A, also known as IL17RA and CDw217, is a human gene.
Interleukin 21 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor. IL21R is its human gene.
Interleukin 20 receptor, alpha subunit is a subunit for the interleukin-20 receptor. IL20RA is its human gene.
Interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL2RB gene. Also known as CD122; IL15RB; P70-75.
Interleukin 27 receptor, alpha is a subunit of the interleukin-27 receptor. IL27RA is its human gene.
Interleukin 3 receptor, alpha (IL3RA), also known as CD123, is a human gene.
The interleukin-13 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor, binding Interleukin-13. It consists of two subunits, encoded by IL13RA1 and IL4R, respectively. These two genes encode the proteins IL-13Rα1 and IL-4Rα. These form a dimer with IL-13 binding to the IL-13Rα1 chain and IL-4Rα stabilises this interaction. This IL-13 receptor can also instigate IL-4 signalling. In both cases this occurs via activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway, resulting in phosphorylation of STAT6. Phosphorylated STAT6 dimerises and acts as a transcription factor activating many genes, such as eotaxin.
Interleukin-17A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL17A gene. In rodents, IL-17A used to be referred to as CTLA8, after the similarity with a viral gene.
The Interleukin-1 family is a group of 11 cytokines that plays a central role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses to infections or sterile insults.
References
- ↑ Sprecher CA, Grant FJ, Baumgartner JW, Presnell SR, Schrader SK, Yamagiwa T, Whitmore TE, O'Hara PJ, Foster DF (1998). "Cloning and characterization of a novel class I cytokine receptor". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 246 (1): 82–90. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8576. PMID 9600072.
- ↑ Chen Q, Ghilardi N, Wang H, Baker T, Xie MH, Gurney A, Grewal IS, de Sauvage FJ (2000). "Development of Th1-type immune responses requires the type I cytokine receptor TCCR". Nature. 407 (6806): 916–20. Bibcode:2000Natur.407..916C. doi:10.1038/35038103. PMID 11057672. S2CID 205009928.
- ↑ Pflanz S, Hibbert L, Mattson J, Rosales R, Vaisberg E, Bazan JF, Phillips JH, McClanahan TK, de Waal Malefyt R, Kastelein RA (February 2004). "WSX-1 and glycoprotein 130 constitute a signal-transducing receptor for IL-27". Journal of Immunology. 172 (4): 2225–31. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.4.2225 . PMID 14764690.
- ↑ Takeda A, Hamano S, Yamanaka A, Hanada T, Ishibashi T, Mak TW, Yoshimura A, Yoshida H (May 2003). "Cutting edge: role of IL-27/WSX-1 signaling for induction of T-bet through activation of STAT1 during initial Th1 commitment". J. Immunol. 170 (10): 4886–90. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.10.4886 . PMID 12734330.
