PSLV-C2

Last updated

PSLV-C2
PSLV.svg
Model of the PSLV launch vehicle
NamesPolar Satellite Launch Vehicle
Mission typeDeployment of three satellites
Operator ISRO
COSPAR ID OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Website ISRO website
Mission duration1117.5 seconds
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
Spacecraft type Expendable launch vehicle
Manufacturer Indian Space Research Organisation
Launch mass294,000 kg (648,000 lb)
Payload mass1,202 kg (2,650 lb)
Start of mission
Launch date26 May 1999, 06:22 UTC
Rocket Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
Launch site Sriharikota Launching Range
Contractor ISRO
Orbital parameters
Reference system Sun-synchronous orbit
Regime Low Earth orbit
Payload
India flag-XL-anim.gif Oceansat-1
122 p.png KITSAT-3
Flag of Germany.svg DLR-Tubsat
  PSLV-C1
PSLV-C3  
 

PSLV-C2 was the second operational launch and overall fifth mission of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) program. This launch was also the forty-third launch by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) since its first mission on 1 January 1962. The vehicle carried three satellites which were deployed in the Sun-synchronous low Earth orbit. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] The vehicle carried India's first remote sensing satellite Oceansat-1 (IRS-P4) as the main payload. It also carried South Korean satellite KITSAT-3 and German satellite DLR-Tubsat as auxiliary payloads. [1] PSLV-C2 was the first Indian Expendable launch vehicle to carry and deploy more than one satellite in a mission. This was also India's and ISRO's first commercial spaceflight where South Korea and Germany each paid US$1.0 million (equivalent to $1.63 million in 2021) to ISRO for launching their satellites. [5] [6]

Contents

Mission parameters

Payload

PSLV-C2 carried and deployed total three satellites. Oceansat-1 (IRS-P4) was the main payload and KITSAT-3 and DLR-Tubsat were two auxiliary payloads that were mounted on PSLV-C2 equipment bay diametrically opposite to each other. Oceansat-1, was mounted on top of the equipment bay. In the flight sequence, IRS-P4 was injected first, followed by KITSAT-3 and then DLR-Tubsat. [1] [8] [9]

CountryNameNo.MassTypeObjective
Flag of India.svg IndiaOceansat-111050 kg Indian Remote Sensing Satellite Remote sensing
Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea KITSAT-31107 kg Microsatellite Test and demonstrate new satellite bus & its payloads
Flag of Germany.svg GermanyDLR-Tubsat145 kgMicrosatelliteTest newly developed attitude control system

Launch and planned flight profile

Heat shield of PSLV displayed at HAL heritage center. Full size heat shield of PSLV 7850.JPG
Heat shield of PSLV displayed at HAL heritage center.

PSLV-C2 was launched at 06:22 UTC on 26 May 1999 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (then called "Sriharikota Launching Range"). The mission was planned with pre-flight prediction of perigee and apogee of 727 km (452 mi). The actual perigee was 723.1 km, apogee was 735.1 km. Following was the planned flight profile. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [7]

Stage Time
(seconds)
Altitude
(kilometer)
Velocity
(meter/sec)
EventRemarks
First stage T+00.02450First stage ignitionLift-off
T+1.20.02450Ignition of 4 ground-lit strap-on motors
T+25.12.43540Ignition of 2 air-lit strap-on motors
T+68.123.101,100Separation of 4 ground-lit strap-on motors
T+90.140.211,520Separation of 2 air-lit strap-on motors
T+117.772.081,970First stage separation
Second stage T+117.972.381,970Second stage ignition
T+162.7120.712,210 Heat shield separation
T+167.7126.602,260Closed-loop guidance initiation
T+284.5254.034,070Second stage separation
Third stage T+285.7255.464,060Third stage ignition
T+506.4533.575,970Third stage separation
Fourth stage T+584.4605.445,870Fourth stage ignition
T+991.7728.257,490Fourth stage thrust cut-off
T+1017.5728.667,490Oceansat-1 (IRS-P4) separation
T+1067.5729.517,490KITSAT-3 separation
T+1117.5730.417,490DLR-Tubsat separation

The launch was witnessed by Atal Bihari Vajpayee (then Prime Minister of India), Murli Manohar Joshi, Vasundhara Raje and N. Chandrababu Naidu. [6]

See also

Related Research Articles

Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle Expendable system for launching satellites, developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation

The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is an expendable medium-lift launch vehicle designed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was developed to allow India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into sun-synchronous orbits, a service that was, until the advent of the PSLV in 1993, was commercially available only from Russia. PSLV can also launch small size satellites into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO).

GSLV Mark III Indian medium-lift launch vehicle

The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III, also referred to as the Launch Vehicle Mark 3 (LVM3), is a three-stage medium-lift launch vehicle developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Primarily designed to launch communication satellites into geostationary orbit, it is also identified as the launch vehicle for crewed missions under the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme and dedicated science missions like Chandrayaan-2. The GSLV Mk III has a higher payload capacity than the similarly named GSLV Mk II.

Oceansat-2 Indian Earth observation satellite

Oceansat-2 is the second Indian satellite built primarily for ocean applications. It was a part of the Indian Remote Sensing Programme satellite series. Oceansat-2 is an Indian satellite designed to provide service continuity for operational users of the Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) instrument on Oceansat-1. It will also enhance the potential of applications in other areas. The OceanSat-2 mission was approved by the government of India on 16 July 2005.

IRS-P3 was the sixth satellite in Indian Remote Sensing satellite series, an Earth observation mission launched under the National Natural Resources Management System programme (NNRMS) undertaken by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The objectives of the mission were processing and interpretation of data generated by its two instruments, the Wide-Field Sensor (WiFS) and Modular Opto-electric Sensor (MOS), developed by the German Aerospace Center (DLR).

IRS-1E was an Earth observation mission launched under the National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS) programme by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Sometimes written IRS-P1. The objective of the mission was to develop Earth imagery using instruments carried on board. Due to a malfunction of the launch vehicle, the satellite deviated from its path and plunged into the Indian Ocean.

Oceansat-1 or IRS-P4 was the first Indian satellite built primarily for ocean applications. It was a part of the Indian Remote Sensing Programme satellite series. The satellite carried an Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) and a Multi-frequency Scanning Microwave Radiometer (MSMR) for oceanographic studies. Oceansat-1 thus vastly augment the IRS satellite system of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) comprising four satellites, IRS-1B, IRS-1C, IRS-P3 and IRS-1D and extend remote sensing applications to several newer areas.

PSLV-C34 was the 36th mission of the PSLV program and 14th mission of PSLV in XL configuration. The PSLV-C34 successfully carried and deployed 20 satellites in the Sun-synchronous orbit. With a launch mass of 320,000 kilograms (710,000 lb) and payload mass of 1,288 kilograms (2,840 lb), the C34 set a new record of deploying the maximum number of satellites by Indian Space Research Organisation in a single mission. The PSLV-C34 carried One Cartosat-2 satellite, SathyabamaSat, Swayam & 17 other satellites from United States, Canada, Germany & Indonesia.

PSLV-C35 was the successful mission of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle program which set eight satellites in space. It was launched on 26 September 2016 by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota.

PSLV-C1 was the overall fourth mission of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) program by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The vehicle carried IRS-1D satellite which was deployed in the Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO). This was India's first launch vehicle built without Russian assistance and PSLV's first operational flight placed IRS-1D into a polar orbit. However, it could not place the satellite in the desired circular orbit but in an elliptical orbit due to a leak of helium gas from one of the components. The mission was termed partial failure since the satellite could not be placed at the desired altitude.

KITSAT-3 was a South Korean remote sensing minisatellite which carried MEIS and SENSE instruments to low Earth orbit (LEO). Launched on 26 May 1999 by Indian space agency Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), on orbit the satellite was renamed to Uribyol-3. Manufactured by KAIST Satellite Technology Research Center (SaTReC), KITSAT-3 was developed with experience from KITSAT-1 and KITSAT-2 and was the first independently designed South Korean satellite.

DLR-Tubsat was a German remote sensing microsatellite, developed in a joint venture between Technical University of Berlin (TUB) and German Aerospace Center (DLR). TUB was responsible for the satellite bus and DLR was responsible for the payload. The satellite was launched into orbit on 26 May 1999, on the fifth mission of the PSLV program PSLV-C2. The launch took place in the Sriharikota Launching Range. The satellite had an expected life of one year.

PSLV-C3 was the third operational launch and overall sixth mission of the PSLV program. This launch was also the forty-sixth launch by Indian Space Research Organisation since its first mission on 1 January 1962. The vehicle carried three satellites which were deployed in the Sun-synchronous Low Earth orbit. The vehicle carried Technology Experiment Satellite, BIRD and PROBA. This was India's and ISRO's second commercial spaceflight. PSLV-C3 was launched at 10:23 a.m. IST on 22 October 2001 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre.

PSLV-C4 was the fourth operational launch and overall seventh mission of the PSLV program. This launch was also the forty-eight launch by Indian Space Research Organisation since its first mission on 1 January 1962. The vehicle carried and injected India's first dedicated Meteorological satellite, Kalpana-1 into the Geosynchronous transfer orbit. PSLV-C4 was launched at 15:53 hours IST on 12 September 2002 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre.

PSLV-C5 was the fifth operational launch and overall eighth mission of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle program. This launch was also the fifty-second launch by the Indian Space Research Organisation (IRSO) since its first mission on 1 January 1962. The vehicle carried and injected India's remote sensing satellite Resourcesat-1 into a sun-synchronous orbit; this was the heaviest and most sophisticated satellite built by IRSO through 2003. PSLV-C5 was launched at 04:52 hours Coordinated Universal Time on 17 October 2003 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre.

PSLV-C6

PSLV-C6 was the sixth operational launch and overall ninth mission of the PSLV program. This launch was also the fifty-fourth launch by Indian Space Research Organisation since its first mission on 1 January 1962. The vehicle carried and injected India's two satellites; Cartosat-1 and HAMSAT into the Sun-synchronous orbit. PSLV-C6 was launched at 04:44 hours Coordinated Universal Time on 5 May 2005 from the second launch pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre.

PSLV-C37 39th mission of the PSLV space-rocket program

PSLV-C37 was the 39th mission of the Indian Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) program and its 16th mission in the XL configuration. PSLV-C37 successfully carried and deployed a record 104 satellites in sun-synchronous orbits. Launched on 15 February 2017 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. According to ISRO, the 101 international satellites were launched as part of a commercial arrangement between several firms and its commercial arm Antrix Corporation Limited, run under the auspices of the Indian Government's Department of Space.

Small Satellite Launch Vehicle

The Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) is a small-lift launch vehicle developed by ISRO with payload capacity to deliver 500 kg (1,100 lb) to low Earth orbit or 300 kg (660 lb) to Sun-synchronous orbit for launching small satellites, with the capability to support multiple orbital drop-offs. SSLV is made keeping low cost, low turnaround time in mind with launch-on-demand flexibility under minimal infrastructure requirements.

Oceansat is a series of earth observation satellites built, launched, and operated by Indian Space Research Organisation, and dedicated to oceanography and atmospheric studies. Oceansat satellites facilitate a range of applications including documenting chlorophyll concentration, phytoplankton blooms, atmospheric aerosols and particulate matter as well as marine weather forecast to predict cyclones.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "PSLV-C2". Indian Space Research Organisation. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
  2. 1 2 "Space Launch Report: PSLV". Space Launch Report. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
  3. 1 2 "ISRO timeline since 1960s". Indian Space Research Organisation. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
  4. 1 2 "PSLV-C2 mission". iisc.ernet.in. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
  5. 1 2 3 "The science and commerce of PSLV". Frontline (magazine). Retrieved 9 July 2016.
  6. 1 2 "PSLV Successfully Launches Three Satellites". Press Information Bureau. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
  7. 1 2 "PSLV-C2 brochure" (PDF). Indian Space Research Organisation. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
  8. "Korea Institute of Technology Satellite-3". eoportal.org. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
  9. "TUBSAT (Technical University of Berlin Satellite) Program". eoportal.org. Retrieved 9 July 2016.