Sapphire Rapids

Sapphire Rapids

General information
Launched	January 10, 2023;2 years ago (2023-01-10)
Marketed by	Intel
Designed by	Intel
Common manufacturer	Intel
CPUID code	806F6
Product code	80713
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate	Up to 4.8 GHz
QPI speeds	16 GT/s
DMI speeds	16 GT/s
Cache
L1 cache	80 KB per core (32 KB instruction + 48 KB data)
L2 cache	2 MB per core
L3 cache	Up to 112.5 MB (1.875 MB per core)
L4 cache	64 GB HBM2a (Xeon Max only)
Architecture and classification
Application	Server Workstation Embedded
Technology node	Intel 7 (previously known as 10ESF)
Microarchitecture	Golden Cove
Instruction set	x86-64
Instructions	MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, AVX, AVX2, FMA3, AVX-512, AVX-VNNI, TSX, AMX, AES-NI, CLMUL, RDRAND, UINTR
Extensions	SHA, TXT, VT-x, VT-d, DSA, QAT, DLB, IAA
Physical specifications
Cores	6-60 per socket
Memory (RAM)	Up to 4 TB per socket Up to octa-channel DDR5-4800 with ECC support
Package	Flip chip land grid array (FC-LGA)
Socket	LGA 4677
Products, models, variants
Product code name	SPR
Models	Sapphire Rapids-SP Sapphire Rapids-WS Sapphire Rapids-HBM
Brand names	Xeon Bronze/Sliver/Gold/Platinum Xeon Max Series Xeon w3/w5/w7/w9
History
Predecessors	Ice Lake (workstations, 1S and 2S servers) Cooper Lake (4S and 8S servers)
Successor	Emerald Rapids
Support status
Supported

Sapphire Rapids is a codename for Intel's server (fourth generation Xeon Scalable) and workstation (Xeon W-2400/2500 and Xeon W-3400/3500) processors based on the Golden Cove microarchitecture and produced using Intel 7. ^{[1] [2] [3] [4]} It features up to 60 cores and an array of accelerators, and it is the first generation of Intel server and workstation processors to use a chiplet design.

Sapphire Rapids is part of the Eagle Stream server platform. ^{[5] [6]} In addition, it powers Aurora, an exascale supercomputer in the United States, at Argonne National Laboratory. ^[7]

History

Sapphire Rapids has been a long-standing Intel project along Alder Lake in development for over five years and has been subjected to many delays. ^[8] It was first announced by Intel at their Investor Meeting in May 2019 with the intention of Sapphire Rapids succeeding Ice Lake and Cooper Lake in 2021. ^{[9] [10]} Intel again announced details on Sapphire Rapids in their August 2021 Architecture Day presentation with no mention of a launch date. ^[11]

Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger tacitly blamed the previous Intel leadership as a reason for Sapphire Rapids' many delays. ^[8] One industry analyst firm claimed that Intel was having problems with yields from its Intel 7 node with yields of 50–60% on higher core-count silicon. ^[12] Sapphire Rapids was originally scheduled for a launch in the first half of 2022. ^[13] It was later scheduled for release in Q4 2022 but was again delayed to early 2023. ^[14] The specific announcement date of January 10, 2023 was not revealed by Intel until November 2022. ^[15]

The server processor lineup was released on January 10, 2023, and the workstation processor lineup was released on February 15, 2023. ^[16] Those processors were available for shipping on March 14 of that year. ^[17] Intel shipped the millionth of this generation Xeon processors in 2023. ^[18]

Features

CPU

Further information: Golden Cove (microarchitecture)

• Up to 60 Golden Cove CPU cores per package ^[19]
  • Up to 15 cores per tile, a 60 core Xeon Platinum 8490H uses 4 dies populated with 15 cores to have 60 cores in total
• AVX512-FP16 ^[20]
• TSX Suspend Load Address Tracking (TSXLDTRK) ^[21]
• Advanced Matrix Extensions (AMX) ^[19]
• Trust Domain Extensions (TDX), a collection of technologies to help deploy hardware-isolated virtual machines (VMs) called trust domains (TDs) ^[22]
• User Interrupts (UINTR), a new architectural feature allowing interrupts to be delivered to user-mode software without kernel involvement. ^{[23] [24] [25]}

Accelerators

• In-Field Scan (IFS), a technology that allows for testing the processor for potential hardware faults without taking it completely offline ^[26]
• Data Streaming Accelerator (DSA), allows for speeding up data copy and transformation between different kinds of storage ^{[27] [28]}
• QuickAssist Technology (QAT), allows for improved performance of compression and encryption tasks ^[28]
• Dynamic Load Balancer (DLB), allows for offloading tasks of load balancing, packet prioritization and queue management ^[28]
• In-Memory Analytics Accelerator (IAA), allows accelerating in-memory databases and big data analytics ^[28]

Not all accelerators are available in all processor models. Some accelerators are available under the Intel On Demand program, also known as Software Defined Silicon (SDSi), where a license is required to activate a given accelerator that is physically present in the processor. The license can be obtained as a one-time purchase or as a paid subscription. Activating the license requires support in the operating system. A driver with the necessary support was added in Linux kernel version 6.2. ^{[29] [28]}

I/O

• PCI Express 5.0 ^[19]
• Direct Media Interface 4.0
• 8-channel DDR5 ECC memory support up to DDR5-4800, up to 2 DIMMs per channel ^[30]
• On-package High Bandwidth Memory 2.0e memory as L4 cache on Xeon Max models ^{[30] [31]}
• Compute Express Link 1.1 ^[19]

Die configurations

Sapphire Rapids come in two varieties: the low-core-count variety uses a single die (MCC), and the high-core-count variety uses multiple dies on a single package (XCC).

XCC multi-die configuration

• Multi-chiplet chip with four tiles linked by 2.5D Embedded Multi-die Interconnect Bridges. Each tile is a 400mm² system on a chip, providing both compute cores and I/O. ^[32]
  • Each tile contains 15 Golden Cove cores, and a single UPI link
  • Each tile's memory controller provides two channels of DDR5 ECC supporting 4 DIMMs (2 per channel) and 1 TB of memory with a maximum of 8 channels, 16 DIMMs, and 4 TB memory across 4 tiles ^[33]
  • A tile provides up to 32 PCIe 5.0 lanes, but one of the eight PCIe controllers of a CPU is usually reserved for DMI, resulting in a maximum of 112 non-chipset lanes. This maximum is only reached in the W-3400 series processors, while the server processors have 80 (20 per tile). ^[34]

List of Sapphire Rapids processors

Sapphire Rapids-HBM (High Bandwidth Memory/Xeon Max Series)

Xeon Max processors contain 64 GB of High Bandwidth Memory.

Model number	Cores (threads)	Base clock	Turbo Boost		Smart cache	TDP	Maxi- mum scala- bility	Registered DDR5 w.  ECC support	UPI links	Release MSRP (USD)
			All core	Single core
9480	56 (112)	1.9 GHz	2.6 GHz	3.5 GHz	112.5 MB	350 W	2S	4800 MT/s	4	$12980
9470	52 (104)	2.0 GHz	2.7 GHz		105.0 MB					$11590
9468	48 (96)	2.1 GHz	2.6 GHz							$9900
9460	40 (80)	2.2 GHz	2.7 GHz		97.5 MB				3	$8750
9462	32 (64)	2.7 GHz	3.1 GHz		75.0 MB					$7995

Sapphire Rapids-SP (Scalable Performance)

With its maximum of 60 cores, Sapphire Rapids-SP competes with AMD's Epyc 8004/9004 Genoa with up to 96 cores and Bergamo with up to 128 cores. Sapphire Rapids Xeon server processors are scalable from single-socket configurations up to 8 socket configurations. ^{[35] [36]}

Suffixes to denote: ^[37]

• +: Includes 1 of each of the four accelerators: DSA, IAA, QAT, DLB
• H: Database and analytics workloads, supports 4S (Xeon Gold) and/or 8S (Xeon Platinum) configurations and includes all of the accelerators
• M: Media transcode workloads
• N: Network/5G/Edge workloads (High TPT/Low Latency), some are uniprocessor
• P: Cloud and infrastructure as a service (IaaS) workloads
• Q: Liquid cooling
• S: Storage & Hyper-converged infrastructure (HCI) workloads
• T: Long-life use/High thermal case
• U: Uniprocessor (some workload-specific SKUs may also be uniprocessor)
• V: Optimized for cloud and software as a service (SaaS) workloads, some are uniprocessor
• Y: Speed Select Technology-Performance Profile (SST-PP) enabled (some workload-specific SKUs may also support SST-PP)
• Y+: Speed Select Technology-Performance Profile (SST-PP) enabled and includes 1 of each of the accelerators.

Model number	Cores (threads)	Base clock	Turbo Boost		Smart cache	TDP	Maxi- mum scala- bility	Registered DDR5 w.  ECC support	UPI links	Release MSRP (USD)
			All core	Single core
Xeon Platinum (8400)
8490H	60 (120)	1.9 GHz	2.9 GHz	3.5 GHz	112.5 MB	350 W	8S	4800 MT/s	4	$17000
8488C	48 (96)	2.4 GHz	3.2 GHz	3.8 GHz	105.0 MB	385 W	2S		?
8487C	56 (112)	1.9 GHz	?	3.8 GHz		350 W			?
8481C		2.0 GHz	2.9 GHz						?
8480+			3.0 GHz						4	$10710
8480C
8478C	48 (96)	2.2 GHz	?						?
8475B		2.7 GHz	3.2 GHz		97.5 MB				?
8474C		2.1 GHz	?						?
8473C	52 (104)		2.9 GHz		105.0 MB				?
8471N		1.8 GHz	2.8 GHz	3.6 GHz	97.5 MB	300 W	1S		4	$5171
8470Q		2.1 GHz	3.2 GHz	3.8 GHz	105.0 MB	350 W	2S			$9410
8470N		1.7 GHz	2.7 GHz	3.6 GHz	97.5 MB	300 W				$9520
8470		2.0 GHz	3.0 GHz	3.8 GHz	105.0 MB	350 W				$9359
8469C	48 (96)	2.6 GHz	3.1 GHz		97.5 MB				?
8468V		2.4 GHz	2.9 GHz			330 W			3	$7121
8468H		2.1 GHz	3.0 GHz		105.0 MB		8S		4	$13923
8468			3.1 GHz			350 W	2S			$7214
8465C	52 (104)		2.9 GHz						?
8462Y+	32 (64)	2.8 GHz	3.6 GHz	4.1 GHz	60.0 MB	300 W			3	$5945
8461V	48 (96)	2.2 GHz	2.8 GHz	3.7 GHz	97.5 MB		1S		0	$4491
8460Y+	40 (80)	2.0 GHz			105.0 MB		2S		4	$5558
8460H		2.2 GHz	3.1 GHz	3.8 GHz		330 W	8S			$10710
8458P	44 (88)	2.7 GHz	3.2 GHz		82.5 MB	350 W	2S		3	$7121
8454H	32 (64)	2.1 GHz	2.7 GHz	3.4 GHz		270 W	8S		4	$6540
8452Y	36 (72)	2.0 GHz	2.8 GHz	3.2 GHz	67.5 MB	300 W	2S			$3995
8450H	28 (56)		2.6 GHz	3.5 GHz	75.0 MB	250 W	8S			$4708
8444H	16 (32)	2.9 GHz	3.2 GHz	4.0 GHz	45.0 MB	270 W				$4234
8432C	40 (80)	?	?	3.8 GHz	?	350 W	2S		?
8422C	36 (72)	?	?	?	?				?
Xeon Gold (5400 and 6400)
6462C	32 (64)	3.3 GHz	?	?	60.0 MB	?	2S	4800 MT/s	?
6458Q		3.1 GHz	4.0 GHz			350 W			3	$6416
6456C		2.9 GHz	3.3 GHz	4.1 GHz		280 W			?
6454S		2.2 GHz	2.8 GHz	3.4 GHz		270 W			4	$3157
6448Y		2.1 GHz	3.0 GHz	4.1 GHz		225 W			3	$3583
6448H		2.4 GHz	3.2 GHz			250 W	4S			$3658
6444Y	16 (32)	3.6 GHz	4.0 GHz		45.0 MB	270 W	2S			$3622
6442Y	24 (48)	2.6 GHz	3.3 GHz	4.0 GHz	60.0 MB	225 W				$2878
6438Y+	32 (64)	2.0 GHz	2.8 GHz			205 W				$3141
6438N			2.7 GHz	3.6 GHz						$3351
6438M		2.2 GHz	2.8 GHz	3.9 GHz						$3273
6434H	8 (16)	3.7 GHz	4.1 GHz		22.5 MB	195 W	4S			$3070
6434							2S			$2607
6430	32 (64)	2.1 GHz	2.6 GHz	3.4 GHz	60.0 MB	270 W		4400 MT/s		$2128
6428N		1.8 GHz	2.5 GHz	3.8 GHz		185 W		4000 MT/s		$3200
6426Y	16 (32)	2.5 GHz	3.3 GHz	4.1 GHz	37.5 MB			4800 MT/s		$1517
6421N	32 (64)	1.8 GHz	2.6 GHz	3.6 GHz	60.0 MB		1S	4400 MT/s		$2368
6418H	24 (48)	2.1 GHz	2.9 GHz	4.0 GHz			4S	4800 MT/s		$2065
6416H	18 (36)	2.2 GHz		4.2 GHz	45.0 MB	165 W				$1444
6414U	32 (64)	2.0 GHz	2.6 GHz	3.4 GHz	60.0 MB	250 W	1S		0	$2296
5420+	28 (56)		2.7 GHz	4.1 GHz	52.5 MB	205 W	2S	4400 MT/s	3	$1848
5418Y	24 (48)		2.8 GHz	3.8 GHz	45.0 MB	185 W				$1483
5418N		1.8 GHz	2.6 GHz			165 W		4000 MT/s		$1664
5416S	16 (32)	2.0 GHz	2.8 GHz	4.0 GHz	30.0 MB	150 W		4400 MT/s		$944
5415+	8 (16)	2.9 GHz	3.6 GHz	4.1 GHz	22.5 MB					$1066
5412U	24 (48)	2.1 GHz	2.9 GHz	3.9 GHz	45.0 MB	185 W	1S		0	$1113
5411N		1.9 GHz	2.8 GHz			165 W			3	$1388
Xeon Silver (4400)
4416+	20 (40)	2.0 GHz	2.9 GHz	3.9 GHz	37.5 MB	165 W	2S	4000 MT/s	2	$1176
4410Y	12 (24)		2.8 GHz		30.0 MB	150 W				$563
4410T	10 (20)	2.7 GHz	3.4 GHz	4.0 GHz	26.25 MB					$624
Xeon Bronze (3400, 3500)
3508U	8 (8)	2.1 GHz	2.2 GHz		22.5 MB	125 W	1S	4400 MT/s	0	$415-$425
3408U		1.8 GHz	1.9 GHz					4000 MT/s

Sapphire Rapids-WS (Workstation)

56-core CPU Intel Xeon w-3495X equipped with 256 GiB DDR5 RAM

With its maximum of 60 cores, Sapphire Rapids-WS competes with AMD's Threadripper PRO 5000WX Chagall with up to 64 cores. ^[38] Like Intel's Core product segmentation into i3, i5, i7 and i9, Sapphire Rapids-WS is labeled Xeon w3, w5, w7 and w9. ^[39] Sapphire Rapids-WS was unveiled in February 2023, and was made available for OEMs in March. ^{[40] [41]} CPUs with "X" suffix have its multiplier unlocked for overclocking. ^[42]

• No suffix letter: Locked clock multiplier
• X: Unlocked clock multiplier (adjustable with no ratio limit)
• Xeon W-2400/2500 uses a monolithic design and supports up to 64 PCI Express 5.0 lanes, while Xeon W-3400/3500 uses a chiplet design and supports up to 112 lanes. Both support 8 DMI 4.0 lanes.

Model	Cores (threads)	Clock rate (GHz)			Smart cache	Registered DDR5 w.  ECC support	TDP		Release MSRP (USD)
		Base	Turbo Boost				Base	Turbo
			2.0	3.0
Xeon W-3400 (SPR-112L)
w9-3495X	56 (112)	1.9	4.6	4.8	105 MB	8-channel 4800 MT/s 4 TB	350 W	420 W	$5889
w9-3475X	36 (72)	2.2			82.5 MB		300 W		$3739
w7-3465X	28 (56)	2.5			75.0 MB			360 W	$2889
w7-3455	24 (48)				67.5 MB		270 W	324 W	$2489
w7-3445	20 (40)	2.6			52.5 MB				$1989
w5-3435X	16 (32)	3.1	4.5	4.7	45.0 MB				$1589
w5-3425	12 (24)	3.2	4.4	4.6	30.0 MB				$1189
Xeon W-2400 (SPR-64L)
w7-2495X	24 (48)	2.5	4.6	4.8	45.0 MB	4-channel 4800 MT/s 2 TB	225 W	270 W	$2189
w7-2475X	20 (40)	2.6			37.5 MB				$1789
w5-2465X	16 (32)	3.1	4.5	4.7	33.75 MB		200 W	240 W	$1389
w5-2455X	12 (24)	3.2	4.4	4.6	30.0 MB				$1039
w5-2445	10 (20)	3.1			26.25 MB		175 W	210 W	$839
w3-2435	8 (16)		4.3	4.5	22.5 MB	4-channel 4400 MT/s 2 TB	165 W	198 W	$669
w3-2425	6 (12)	3.0	4.2	4.4	15.0 MB		130 W	156 W	$529
w3-2423		2.1	4.0	4.2			120 W	144 W	$359

Model	Cores (threads)	Clock rate (GHz)			Smart cache	Registered DDR5 w.  ECC support	TDP		Release MSRP (USD)
		Base	Turbo Boost				Base	Turbo
			2.0	3.0
Xeon W-3500 (SPR-112L Refresh)
w9-3595X	60 (120)	2.0	4.6	4.8	112.5 MB	8-channel 4800 MT/s 4 TB	385 W	462 W	$5889
w9-3575X	44 (88)	2.2			97.5 MB		340 W	408 W	$3789
w7-3565X	32 (64)	2.5			82.5 MB		335 W	402 W	$2689
w7-3555	28 (56)	2.7			75.0 MB		325 W	390 W	$2339
w7-3545	24 (48)				67.5 MB		315 W	372 W	$2039
w5-3535X	20 (40)	2.9			52.5 MB		300 W	360 W	$1689
w5-3525	16 (32)	3.2			45.0 MB		290 W	348 W	$1389
Xeon W-2500 (SPR-64L Refresh)
w7-2595X	26 (52)	2.8	4.6	4.8	48.75 MB	4-channel 4800 MT/s 2 TB	250 W	300 W	$2039
w7-2575X	22 (44)	3.0			45.0 MB				$1689
w5-2565X	18 (36)	3.2			37.5 MB		240 W	288 W	$1339
w5-2555X	14 (28)	3.3			33.75 MB		210 W	252 W	$1069
w5-2545	12 (24)	3.5	4.5	4.7	30.0 MB				$889
w3-2535	10 (20)		4.4	4.6	26.25 MB		185 W	222 W	$739
w3-2525	8 (16)		4.3	4.5	22.5 MB		175 W	210 W	$609

See also

• Intel's process–architecture–optimization model
• Intel's tick–tock model
• List of Intel CPU microarchitectures

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