Parts of this article (those related to construction plans...article says construction will begin in early 2015, but entire article describes this as a proposal, seemingly early in the planning stages... article needs to reflect the current state of this topic) need to be updated.(February 2015) |
Sydney Bypass refers to a number of roads, existing and proposed, that motorists can use to avoid the congested approaches to the Sydney central business district (CBD). The main bypasses are:
Some disjointed sections of such planned roads were built but during the 1970s, the focus changed and many sections of these proposed roads were never built. Such disjointed segments of freeway can be seen in such places as Hunters Hill near Gladesville Bridge, where segments of the North West Freeway were constructed.
Around this time, freeway planning shifted to building freeways as bypasses.
For decades, it has been desired to construct a freeway standard bypass of Sydney as part of the National Highway, connecting the Pacific Motorway to the Hume Motorway to allow through traffic to be separated from local traffic.
The North West Freeway was originally intended to fork in the Lane Cove Valley, with one fork following what is now the M2 corridor and the other following what is now the Pacific Motorway. If these had been built, traffic would have looped at that fork in much the same way as traffic from Burns Bay Road loops around the approach to Gladesville Bridge to turn west on Victoria Road. The Lane Cove section was abandoned for environmental reasons, leaving the then Sydney-Newcastle Freeway (now Pacific Motorway) to terminate at Pennant Hills Road.
In the 1960s, the Department of Main Roads signposted a number of ring roads via existing surface streets. Of these, only the A3 ring-road remains today. [1]
In 2001, at the same time as announcing commencement of the M7, the Federal Government proposed that the M7 would form part of a bypass route, with a new road branching off the M1 near Mount White and crossing the Hawkesbury River with a new high-level bridge to join the M7 at its distinct northwestern corner. Hence, the road would avoid the steep grades of the Mount White section of the Pacific Motorway immediately north of the existing low-level bridges across the Hawkesbury River and would be a quite direct bypass of Sydney that would be separated from much of Sydney's Commuter traffic.
A study was undertaken into options for connecting the Pacific Motorway with the M7. [2] At the preliminary stage of that study, the Roads & Traffic Authority decided that the primary goal of the new road was the best possible relief of traffic on the existing route, Pennant Hills Road. Corridors for that proposal were broadly defined as types A, B and C.
The need to reduce traffic on Pennant Hills Road made the reduction of commuter traffic more urgent than that of traffic bypassing Sydney. As such, type B and C options were rejected early in the planning process.
Four type A options were identified. All involved extensive tunnelling. One of these, following the Hornsby - Epping railway line near the M1 and underneath Pennant Hills Road towards the M2, was selected as the preferred option.
The background documents to the route study indicate that it is predicted that the M1 will need to be upgraded to 3 lanes each way plus climbing lanes up the hills and will still run out of capacity by 2021, at which time a type C corridor will be needed in addition to the type A tunnel currently proposed. [3]
Plans to construct the M1 to M2 link tunnels were announced in 2013, with construction intended to commence in early 2015 and opened in late 2019. [4] On 16 March 2014, the preferred contractor for construction of the link, now called NorthConnex, was announced. [5] It will be a pair of tunnels connecting the M2 Motorway near the Pennant Hills Road interchange to the M1 Pacific Motorway north of Pearce's Corner, Wahroonga. [6]
On 17 February 2007, the Hon Jim Lloyd MP (the federal Minister for Local Government, Territories and Roads) announced the establishment of an independent review of the F3 to M7 Corridor Selection. [7] The review was carried out by Mahla Pearlman, who is a former Chief Judge of the NSW Land and Environment Court. The report was released on 14 September 2007. The conclusions of the report were that the proposed tunnels should proceed but that planning for the longer term connection between the Pacific Motorway and the M7 should also commence immediately. [8]
Proposed as stage 3 of the WestConnex scheme and built as stage 2 of the M8 Motorway, the M4-M5 link would connect the main western motorway with the airport and south-western motorway.
In early WestConnex documents, [9] this tunnel was referred to as the "M4 South", but before the foundation of the WestConnex Delivery Authority, it had been known as the Inner West Motorway [10] (IWM) in conjunction with the Marrickville Tunnel Motorway [11] (MM) further to the west. These were contained in plans from the previous Labor government in 2010 known as the "2031 Transport Blueprint". [12] The IWM was positioned to tunnel under King Street Newtown just as the M4-M5 Link had been publicly announced, and is where the second stage of the M8 Motorway eventually was tunnelled. The northern half, however, now veers further to the west to meet the eastern end of the WestConnex M4, but achieves the same connection to Victoria Road via the Rozelle Interchange and Iron Cove Link.
Original markings on previous decades of street directories labelled this as an F6 Extension that carried on north to join the original F2 alignment at Victoria Road. This dates back as far as the 1948 County of Cumberland planning scheme.
The second harbour road tunnel would link the Balmain Peninsula with Lane Cove via a tunnel under Sydney Harbour, emerging to connect with the M2 Hills Motorway in the north. It would also include tunnel links to the Burnt Bridge Creek Deviation in Balgowlah and an upgraded Wakehurst Parkway at Frenchs Forest.
The M2 is a route in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, that links Sydney suburbs from Artarmon in the south-east to Bella Vista in the north-west. The route consists of two separately named motorways, the M2 Hills Motorway and the Lane Cove Tunnel.
Cumberland Highway is a 34-kilometre (21 mi) long urban highway located in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The highway links Pacific Highway and Pacific Motorway (M1) at Pearces Corner, Wahroonga in the northeast with Hume Highway at Liverpool in the southwest. This name covers a few consecutive roads and is widely known to most drivers, but the entire allocation is also known – and signposted – by the names of its constituent parts: Pennant Hills Road, James Ruse Drive, Briens Road, Old Windsor Road, Hart Drive, Freame Street, Emert Street, Jersey Road, Betts Road, Warren Road, Smithfield Road, Palmerston Road, (New) Cambridge Street, Joseph Street and Orange Grove Road. The entire length of Cumberland Highway is designated part of route A28.
The Sydney Orbital Network is a 110 kilometre motorway standard ring road around and through Sydney, the capital of New South Wales in Australia. It runs north from Sydney Airport, underneath the CBD to the North Shore, west to the Hills District, south to Prestons and then east to connect with the airport. Much of the road is privately owned and financed by tolls.
The Princes Motorway is a 62-kilometre (39 mi) predominantly dual carriage untolled motorway that links Sydney to Wollongong and further south through the Illawarra region to Albion Park Rail. Part of the Australian Highway 1 network, the motorway is designated with the route number M1.
Transurban is a road operator company that manages and develops urban toll road networks in Australia, Canada and the United States. It is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX).
City West Link is a link road in Sydney, Australia. It makes up a section of the A44 between Leichhardt, Haberfield and Five Dock. As such, it provides an alternative route to Parramatta Road into the Sydney central business district from the Inner West. It is part of the A44 corridor. It was bypassed by the WestConnex project when the project was completed in 2023.
The Pacific Motorway is a 127-kilometre motorway linking Sydney to Newcastle via the Central Coast and Hunter regions of New South Wales. Formerly known but still commonly referred to by both the public and the government as the F3 Freeway, Sydney–Newcastle Freeway, and Sydney–Newcastle Expressway, it is part of the AusLink road corridor between Sydney and Brisbane. The name "F3 Freeway" reflects its former route allocation before it was decommissioned and replaced by the rollout of alphanumeric signposts.
The Lane Cove Tunnel is a 3.6-kilometre (2.2 mi) twin-tunnel tollway in Sydney, New South Wales that is part of the Sydney Orbital Network. Owned by toll road operator Transurban, It connects the M2 Motorway at North Ryde with the Gore Hill Freeway at Artarmon and forms part of Sydney's M2 route, with the M2 Hills Motorway constituting the rest of the M2 route.
Pennant Hills Road is a 16.1-kilometre-long (10.0 mi) arterial road located in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The road links the suburb of Wahroonga in the northeast, to the major central business district of Parramatta in the southwest. Apart from a small section at its southwestern end, it is a constituent part of Cumberland Highway, and is designated part of route A28.
The Warringah Freeway is a 3-kilometre (1.9 mi) divided freeway in Sydney, New South Wales that is part of the Sydney Orbital Network and the Highway 1. The primary function of the freeway is to provide an alternative high-grade route from the Sydney Harbour Tunnel and the Bradfield Highway at Milsons Point to the A8 and the Gore Hill Freeway. The freeway reduces traffic demands on the Pacific Highway throughout Sydney's Lower North Shore, bypassing North Sydney and Crows Nest. Completed in a series of stages between June 1968 and August 1992, the Warringah Freeway provides a vital link to access most of the suburbs in Sydney and is also a major route to the north, south, east and west of the central business district.
The M2 Hills Motorway is a 21.4-kilometre (13.3 mi) tollway in Sydney, New South Wales that is part of the Sydney Orbital Network and the National Highway west of Pennant Hills Road. Owned by toll road operator Transurban, it forms majority of Sydney's M2 route, with the Lane Cove Tunnel constituting the rest of the M2 route.
The M4 Motorway is a 52.6-kilometre (32.7 mi) partially tolled dual carriageway motorway in Sydney, New South Wales that is designated the M4 route marker. The M4 designation is part of the wider A4 and M4 route designation, the M4 runs parallel/below ground to the Great Western Highway and Parramatta Road (A44).
The M5 Motorway is a 29-kilometre (18 mi) motorway located in Sydney, New South Wales that is part of the Sydney Orbital Network.
The North Western Expressway and the Lane Cove Valley Expressway was a planned but now cancelled freeway route in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, intended to link the Sydney CBD to its north-western suburbs, and ultimately the Sydney–Newcastle Freeway to Newcastle. The entirety of the Sydney to Newcastle route was to be known as the F3 freeway, a name that remains as a common name of the Sydney–Newcastle Freeway.
WestConnex is a 33-kilometre (21 mi) predominantly underground motorway scheme in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. As of 2023, it is partially completed and partially still under construction. A joint project of the New South Wales and Australian governments, the motorway scheme is creating around 26 kilometres (16 mi) of new tunnels between Homebush and Kingsgrove, passing underneath Inner West suburbs including Haberfield and St Peters. The first of the tunnels, the M4 East, opened to traffic in July 2019. The second of the tunnels, the M8 Motorway, opened to traffic a year later in July 2020. The third of the tunnels which extend the M4 and M8 opened to traffic in January 2023, and the rest of the tunnels are expected to open to traffic in late 2023.
NorthConnex, an extension of the M1 is a 9-kilometre (5.6 mi) twin-tube motorway tunnel in northern Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, opened on 31 October 2020. It acts as a tunnel bypass of the congested Pennant Hills Road, extending or connecting the M1 Pacific Motorway to the M2 Hills Motorway. Owned by NorthWestern Roads (NWR) Group, it is one of the longest road tunnels in Australia along with the WestConnex Tunnel. It is also the deepest road tunnel in Australia, with more than half of the tunnel 60 metres (200 ft) deep or more, and the deepest point is underneath the Sydney Metro Northwest, about 90 metres (300 ft) below ground.
The Western Harbour Tunnel & Beaches Link is a planned underground motorway scheme in Sydney, New South Wales. It consists of a series of motorway tunnels running north-south between Burnt Bridge Creek Deviation (A8) at Balgowlah and the WestConnex at Rozelle Interchange, providing direct access from the Northern Beaches to the Inner West at Rozelle The six-lane motorway is planned to be approximately 18 km long and to be built with both State and Federal funding.
The M6 Motorway is an under-construction motorway consisting of twin, 4-kilometre long tunnels linking the M8 Motorway at Arncliffe to President Avenue at Kogarah. Stage 1 started major construction in November 2021 and is expected to open by late 2025. The possibility of future extensions to the south will be accommodated by providing stub tunnels in the project.
The M8 Motorway is a 13.4-kilometre (8.3 mi) tolled dual carriageway motorway in Sydney, New South Wales that is designated the M8 route marker. It consists predominantly of tunnels and includes tunnel connections to the future Western Harbour Tunnel & Beaches Link and the M6 Motorway.
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: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Transurban announces preferred contractor for NorthConnex